植物内皮层的分化及其屏障功能研究进展
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摘要
植物根系最主要的作用之一是从土壤中获取养分并将其运输至地上部。水和营养物质径向穿过根的表皮、皮层、内皮层等所有外部细胞层,才能到达中柱,以供地上部代谢所需。其中,内皮层细胞在发育过程中会经历两个特殊的分化阶段,分别形成凯氏带和木栓层两种扩散屏障,二者在控制养分获取与流失方面起着重要的作用。该文就近年来国内外有关植物内皮层分化过程及其屏障功能方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期对深入探索内皮层屏障在植物生长发育和逆境适应中的作用提供参考,为植物育种工作开辟新的思路。
One of the most important functions of plant roots is to uptake nutrients from the soil and upwards them to the aerial parts. Water and nutrients are transported across epidermis, cortex and endodermis of the concentric root cell layers before reaching the central vasculature for aboveground metabolism. The endodermis undergoes two stages of differentiation with forming two diffusion barriers, Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, which play important roles in controlling nutrients acquisition and loss. This review summarizes the research progress of endodermal differentiation and barrier function in the past few years, and put forward the future research directions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further exploring the role of endodermal barrier in plant growth and development, as well as stress adaptation, and opens up a new thought for plant breeding in turn.
One of the most important functions of plant roots is to uptake nutrients from the soil and upwards them to the aerial parts. Water and nutrients are transported across epidermis, cortex and endodermis of the concentric root cell layers before reaching the central vasculature for aboveground metabolism. The endodermis undergoes two stages of differentiation with forming two diffusion barriers, Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, which play important roles in controlling nutrients acquisition and loss. This review summarizes the research progress of endodermal differentiation and barrier function in the past few years, and put forward the future research directions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further exploring the role of endodermal barrier in plant growth and development, as well as stress adaptation, and opens up a new thought for plant breeding in turn.
引文
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[7] BAXTER I,HOSMANI P S,et al.Root suberin forms an extracellular barrier that affects water relations and mineral nutrition in Arabidopsis[J].Plos Genetics,2009,5(5):188-192.
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[9] KAMIYA T,BORGHI M,WANG P,et al.The MYB36 transcription factor orchestrates Casparian strip formation[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2015,112(33):10 533-10 538.
[10] PFISTER A,BARBERON M,ALASSIMONE J,et al.A receptor-like kinase mutant with absent endodermal diffusion barrier displays selective nutrient homeostasis defects[J].Elife,2014,3.e03115.
[11] DOLAN L,JANMAAT K,WILLEMSEN V,et al.Cellular organisation of the Arabidopsis thaliana root[J].Development,1993,119(1):71-84.
[12] PAULUZZI G,DIVOL F,PUIG J,et al.Surfing along the root ground tissue gene network[J].Developmental Biology,2012,365(1):14-22.
[13] HOSE E,CLARKSON D T,STEUDLE E,et al.The exodermis:a variable apoplastic barrier[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2001,52(365):2 245-2 264.
[14] ALASSIMONE J,CHRISPEELS M J.A developmental framework for endodermal differentiation and polarity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2010,107(11):5 214-5 219.
[15] NASEER S,LEE Y,LAPIERRE C,et al.Casparian strip diffusion barrier in Arabidopsis is made of a lignin polymer without suberin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,2012,109(25):10 101-10 106.
[16] HAAS D L,CAROTHERS Z B.Some ultrastructural observations on endodermal cell development in Zea Mays roots[J].American Journal of Botany,1975,62(4):336-348.
[17] ROBARDS A W,JACKSON S M,CLARKSON D T,et al.The structure of barley roots in relation to the transport of ions into the stele[J].Protoplasma,1973,77(2-3):291-311.
[18] VAN FLEET DS.Histochemistry and function of the endodermis[J].The Botanical Review,1961,27:165-220.
[19] SCHREIBER L,HARTMANN K,SKRABS M,et al.Apoplastic barriers in roots:chemical composition of endodermal and hypodermal cell walls[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,50:1 267-1 280.
[20] ZEIER J,RUEL K,RYSER U,et al.Chemical analysis and immunolocalisation of lignin and suberin in endodermal and hypodermal/rhizodermal cell walls of developing maize (Zea mays L.) primary roots[J].Planta,1999,209:1-12.
[21] BONAWITZ N D,CHAPPLE C.The Genetics of Lignin Biosynthesis:Connecting Genotype to Phenotype[J].Annual Review of Genetics,2010,44(1):337-363.
[22] 翁群清,郑秀娟,解慧芳,等.植物凯氏带形成分子机制及功能特点的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(7):1 450-1 456.WENG Q Q,ZHENG X J,XIE H F,et al.Molecular mechanisms of formation and functional characteristics of Casparian strip[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(7):1 450-1 456.
[23] ROPPOLO D,DERYBEL B,TENDON VD,et al.A novel protein family mediates Casparian strip formation in the endodermis[J].Nature,2011,473:380-383.
[24] LEE Y,RUBIO M,ALASSIMONE J,et al.A mechanism for localized lignin deposition in the endodermis[J].Cell,2013,153(2):402-412.
[25] ALASSIMONE J,FUJITA S,DOBLAS V G,et al.Polarly localized kinase SGN1 is required for Casparian strip integrity and positioning[J].Nature Plants,2016,2(8):16 113.
[26] DOBLAS V G,SMAKOWSKA-LUZAN E,et al.Root diffusion barrier control by a vasculature-derived peptide binding to the SGN3 receptor[J].Science,2017,355(6 322):280-284.
[27] NAKAYAMA T,SHINOHARA H,et al.A peptide hormone required for Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in Arabidopsis roots[J].Science,2017,355(6 322):284-286.
[28] LIBERMAN L M,SPARKS E E,MORENORISUENO M A,et al.MYB36 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the Arabidopsis root[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2015,112(39):12 099-12 104.
[29] BARBOSA I C R,ROJAS-MURCIA N,GELDNER N.The Casparian strip—one ring to bring cell biology to lignification?[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2019,56:121-129.
[30] KOLATTUKUDY P E.Polyesters in higher plants[J].Advances in Biochemical Engineering,2001,71:1-49.
[31] FRANKE R,SCHREIBER L.Suberin—a biopolyester forming apoplastic plant interfaces[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10:252-259.
[32] POLLARD M,BEISSON F,LI Y,et al.Building lipid barriers:biosynthesis of cutin and suberin[J].Trends in Plant Science,2008,13(5):236-246.
[33] GRA?A J,PEREIRA H.Methanolysis of bark suberins:analysis of glycerol and acid monomers[J].Phytochemical Analysis,2015,11(1):45-51.
[34] BERNARDS MA,FLEMING WD,LLEWELLYN DB,et al.Plourde GL.Biochemical characterization of the suberization-associated anionic peroxidase of potato[J].Plant Physiology,1999,121:135-145
[35] KOLATTUKUDY PE,WALTON TJ,Structure and biosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acids of cutin in Vicia faba leaves[J].Biochemistry,1972,11:1 897-1 907.
[36] SOLIDAY CL,KOLATTUKUDY PE,Biosynthesis of cutin.ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids by amicrosomal preparation from germinating Vicia faba[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59:1 116-1 121.
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