近年无定河流域淤地坝拦沙作用研究
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摘要
为掌握无定河流域近年淤地坝的拦沙作用,运用最新的统计资料和实测数据,分析了无定河流域截至2017年淤地坝的数量、时空分布及2011—2017年发挥拦沙作用的淤地坝数量,在此基础上计算了2011—2017年无定河流域淤地坝的拦沙量。结果表明:截至2017年,无定河流域淤地坝共11 602座,其中骨干坝1 155座、中型坝3 747座、小型坝6 700座,主要分布在中下游的黄土丘陵沟壑区;截至2011年,无定河约72%的淤地坝已失去拦沙功能,发挥拦沙作用的骨干坝、中型坝、小型坝分别为658座、1 756座、810座; 2011—2017年,无定河流域淤地坝年均拦沙4 134.23万t,其中骨干坝拦沙量占51.32%。
In order to master the sediment retaining effect of check dams in Wuding River basin in recent years,this study collected the latest statistical data and measured data of check dams in Wuding River basin and analyzed the total number,the control area,temporal and spatial distribution of check dams and the number of check dams which still have the ability to retain sediment from 2011 to 2017. It calculated the amount of retaining sediment of check dams from 2011 to 2017. The results show that as of 2017,there are 11 602 check dams in Wuding River basin,of which there are 1 155 key dams,3 747 medium-sized dams and 6 700 small-scaled dams. These check dams mainly spread in the gullied rolling loess area of the middle and lower Wuding River basin. Until 2011,in the Wuding River basin,there were about 72%check dams had lost ability to retain sediment. The check dams that still had ability to retain sediment are 658 key dams,1 756 mediumsized dams and 810 small-scaled dams. During the period of 2011-2017,the annual average amount of sediment retained by check dams was41.342 3 million tons,of which,51.32% was retained by the key dams.
In order to master the sediment retaining effect of check dams in Wuding River basin in recent years,this study collected the latest statistical data and measured data of check dams in Wuding River basin and analyzed the total number,the control area,temporal and spatial distribution of check dams and the number of check dams which still have the ability to retain sediment from 2011 to 2017. It calculated the amount of retaining sediment of check dams from 2011 to 2017. The results show that as of 2017,there are 11 602 check dams in Wuding River basin,of which there are 1 155 key dams,3 747 medium-sized dams and 6 700 small-scaled dams. These check dams mainly spread in the gullied rolling loess area of the middle and lower Wuding River basin. Until 2011,in the Wuding River basin,there were about 72%check dams had lost ability to retain sediment. The check dams that still had ability to retain sediment are 658 key dams,1 756 mediumsized dams and 810 small-scaled dams. During the period of 2011-2017,the annual average amount of sediment retained by check dams was41.342 3 million tons,of which,51.32% was retained by the key dams.
引文
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[14]高云飞,郭玉涛,刘晓燕,等.黄河潼关以上现状淤地坝拦沙作用研究[J].人民黄河,2014,36(7):97-99.
[15]冉大川,柳林旺,赵力仪,等.黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间水土保持与水沙变化[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000:146-164.
[16]许炯心,孙季.无定河淤地坝拦沙措施时间变化的分析与对策[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):26-30.
[17]高云飞,郭玉涛,刘晓燕,等.陕北黄河中游淤地坝拦沙功能失效的判断标准[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):73-39.
[2]姚文艺,徐建华,冉大川,等.黄河流域水沙变化情势分析与评价[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2011:98-136.
[3]穆兴民,巴桑赤烈,ZHANG Lu,等.黄河河口镇至龙门区间来水来沙变化及其对水利水保措施的响应[J].泥沙研究,2007(2):36-41.
[4]焦菊英,刘元保,唐克丽.小流域沟间与沟谷地径流泥沙来量的探讨[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(2):24-28.
[5]中华人民共和国水利部.第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):2.
[6]方学敏,万兆惠,匡尚富.黄河中游淤地坝拦沙机理及作用[J].水利学报,1998,29(10):49-53.
[7]李敏.淤地坝在黄河中游水土流失防治中的作用[J].人民黄河,2003,25(12):25-26.
[8]刘晓燕,高云飞,王富贵.黄土高原仍有拦沙能力的淤地坝数量及分布[J].人民黄河,2017,39(4):1-5.
[9]冉大川,罗全华,刘斌,等.黄河中游地区淤地坝减洪减沙及减蚀作用研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(5):7-13.
[10]王宏,马勇,陈志军.河龙区间南片淤地坝对泥沙径流影响的分析与计算[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,11(1):10-16.
[11]汪亚峰,傅伯杰,侯繁荣,等.基于差分GPS技术的淤地坝泥沙淤积量估算[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):79-83.
[12]汪岗,范昭.黄河水沙变化研究:第一卷[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002:702-712.
[13]汪岗,范昭.黄河水沙变化研究:第二卷[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002:414-421.
[14]高云飞,郭玉涛,刘晓燕,等.黄河潼关以上现状淤地坝拦沙作用研究[J].人民黄河,2014,36(7):97-99.
[15]冉大川,柳林旺,赵力仪,等.黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间水土保持与水沙变化[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000:146-164.
[16]许炯心,孙季.无定河淤地坝拦沙措施时间变化的分析与对策[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):26-30.
[17]高云飞,郭玉涛,刘晓燕,等.陕北黄河中游淤地坝拦沙功能失效的判断标准[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):73-39.