一种单电感双向电池均衡电路
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摘要
针对传统集中式电池均衡电路体积大、不易扩展、均衡精确度低;而分布式均衡电路存在元件多、成本高的问题,提出了一种单电感双向电池均衡电路,该均衡电路采用Buck-Boost变换器与开关矩阵相结合的方式实现对整个电池组的均衡,通过对电感的时分复用实现对每一个电池独立均衡控制。均衡电路中电感电流工作于断续模式,消除了各电池之间的交叉影响。研究了该均衡电路的工作模式和控制策略,在此基础上研制了针对4个电池单体的均衡实验电路,均衡实验验证了理论分析的正确性和控制策略的有效性,同时,无论电池组在充电、放电,还是静置状态,该均衡器均能保证均衡精确度在20 m V以内。
Traditional centralized battery equalizer is comprised by coupled-inductor or multi-winding transformer. It has disadvantages of large size,low equalization precision and hard to extend. Besides,distributed equalizer has disadvantages of high cost and too many components. In order to solve the problems,a single-inductor bidirectional cell to cell equalizer based on Buck-Boost converter and switch matrix is proposed. Independent regulation was achieved in this equalizer by multiplexing the single inductor. Inductor current operated in discontinuous conduction mode( DCM),and eliminated the cross-regulation of each cell. Control strategy and corresponding characteristics were analyzed in this paper. Experimental results of a four-battery equalizer are presented to verify the analysis results and control strategy,which indicates that the equalizer can guarantee the equalization accuracy within 20 mV whether the battery pack in charging,discharging or static state.
Traditional centralized battery equalizer is comprised by coupled-inductor or multi-winding transformer. It has disadvantages of large size,low equalization precision and hard to extend. Besides,distributed equalizer has disadvantages of high cost and too many components. In order to solve the problems,a single-inductor bidirectional cell to cell equalizer based on Buck-Boost converter and switch matrix is proposed. Independent regulation was achieved in this equalizer by multiplexing the single inductor. Inductor current operated in discontinuous conduction mode( DCM),and eliminated the cross-regulation of each cell. Control strategy and corresponding characteristics were analyzed in this paper. Experimental results of a four-battery equalizer are presented to verify the analysis results and control strategy,which indicates that the equalizer can guarantee the equalization accuracy within 20 mV whether the battery pack in charging,discharging or static state.
引文
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[20]KIM M Y,KIM C H,KIM J H,et al.A chain structure of switched capacitor for improved cell balancing speed of lithiumion batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3989.
[21]IMTIAZ AM,KHAN FH.Time shared flyback converter based regenerative cell balancing technique for series connected Li-ion battery strings[J].IEEE Transactions on power Electronics,2013,28(12):5960.
[22]LAMBERT S M,PICKERT V,ATKINSON D J,et al.Transformer-based equalization circuit applied to N-number of high capacitance cells[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(2):1334.
[2]陈洋,刘晓芳,杨世彦,等.串联电池组有源均衡拓扑结构综述[J].电源学报,2013,(5):28.CHEN Yang,LIU Xiaofang,YANG Shiyang.An overview of active equalization topologies for series connected batteries[J].Journal of Power Supply,2013,(5):28.
[3]牛萌,姜久春,郭宏榆.混合动力车用电池均衡方案研究[J].微處理機,2010,31(5):125.NIU M,JIANG J,GUO H.Controlling strategy research on HEVbatteries imbalance[J].Microprocessors,2010,31(5):125.
[4]杨春雷,刘志远.一种电动汽车动力电池均衡控制方法的设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(8):1186.YANG Chunlei,LIU Zhiyuan.Equalization control method design for power batteries in an electric vehicle[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,45(8):1186.
[5]XU A,XIE S,LIU X.Dynamic voltage equalization for seriesconnected ultracapacitors in EV/HEV applications[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2009,58(8):3981.
[6]KIM C H,KIM M Y,MOON G W.A modularized charge equalizer using a battery monitoring IC for series-connected Li-ion battery strings in electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(8):3779.
[7]BAUGHMAN A,FERDOWSI M.Analysis of the double-tiered three-battery switched capacitor battery balancing system[C]//Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2006.VPPC'06 IEEE.IEEE,2006:1-6.
[8]徐顺刚.分布式供电系统中储能电池均衡管理及逆变控制技术研究[D];成都:西南交通大学,2011.
[9]HUA C C,FANG Y H,LI P H.Charge equalisation for seriesconnected Li Fe PO 4 battery strings[J].IET Power Electronics,2015,8(6):1017.
[10]CHEN Y,LIU X,CUI Y,et al.Amultiwinding transformer cellto-cell active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries with reduced number of driving circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(7):4916.
[11]LI S,MI CC,ZHANG M.A high-efficiency active battery-balancing circuit using multiwinding transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(1):198.
[12]KUTKUT N H.Nondissipative current diverter using a centralized multi-winding transformer[C]//Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1997.PESC'97 Record.,28th Annual IEEE.IEEE,1997,1:648.
[13]HSIEH Y C,WU J L,CHEN X H.Class-E-based charge-equalization circuit for battery cells[J].IET Power Electronics,2012,5(7):978.
[14]HUA C C,FANG Y H,CHEN Y L.Modified rectifications for improving the charge equalization performance of series-connected battery stack[J].IET Power Electronics,2016,9(9):1924.
[15]MOO C S,HSIEH Y C,TSAI I S.Charge equalization for seriesconnected batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and E-lectronic Systems,2003,39(2):704.
[16]LEE Y S,CHEN M W,HSU K L,et al.Cell equalization scheme with energy transferring capacitance for series connected battery strings[C]//TENCON'02.Proceedings.2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers,Communications,Control and Power Engineering.IEEE,2002,3:2042-2045.
[17]PARK H S,KIM C E,KIM C H,et al.A modularized charge equalizer for an HEV lithium-ion battery string[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(5):1464.
[18]LEE Y S,CHENG G T.Quasi-resonant zero-current-switching bidirectional converter for battery equalization applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(5):1213.
[19]YUANMAO Y,CHENG K W E,YEUNG Y P B.Zero-current switching switched-capacitor zero-voltage-gap automatic equalization system for series battery string[J].IEEE Trans.Power E-lectron,2012,27(7):3234.
[20]KIM M Y,KIM C H,KIM J H,et al.A chain structure of switched capacitor for improved cell balancing speed of lithiumion batteries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3989.
[21]IMTIAZ AM,KHAN FH.Time shared flyback converter based regenerative cell balancing technique for series connected Li-ion battery strings[J].IEEE Transactions on power Electronics,2013,28(12):5960.
[22]LAMBERT S M,PICKERT V,ATKINSON D J,et al.Transformer-based equalization circuit applied to N-number of high capacitance cells[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(2):1334.