计划行为理论在无偿献血招募中的应用
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摘要
目的探讨基于计划行为理论编制无偿献血招募干预材料的应用效果。方法以某城市城区生活环境相似的6个社区为研究场所,将覆盖多个年龄层次和多种职业且既往从未献血的200名社区居民随机分为干预组和对照组,分别接受招募干预。结果相比对照组,干预组在态度、知觉行为控制和无偿献血意向评分方面增幅显著(P<0.05),但主观规范得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组主动登录访问血液中心网站并阅读献血登记须知的比例更高(P<0.05),但当场预约登记无偿献血没有显著组间差异(P>0.05)。结论基于计划行为理论的单次干预在社区普通人群中的无偿献血招募效果有限,下一步需要尝试调整受干预人群或配合外界环境进行联合干预等,以改善干预效果。
Objective To explore the application effect of recruiting intervention materials for voluntary blood donors based on the planned behavior theory. Methods A total of six similar communities were included to recruit 200 community residents who had covered multiple ages and occupations without blood donation history,who were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group for recruitment intervention respectively. Results Compared with the control group,the intervention group had significantly greater increases in attitude,perceived behavior control and unpaid blood donation intention scores(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in subjective normative scores(P>0.05).The proportion of participants in the intervention group was higher on actively visiting the blood donation website and reading the blood donation registration notice than that of the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the groups on the spot for voluntary blood donation(P>0.05). Conclusion The single intervention based on the theory of planned behavior had limited effect on voluntary blood donation in the general population of the community.Further program should try to adjust the intervention group or cooperate with the external environment to improve the intervention effect.
Objective To explore the application effect of recruiting intervention materials for voluntary blood donors based on the planned behavior theory. Methods A total of six similar communities were included to recruit 200 community residents who had covered multiple ages and occupations without blood donation history,who were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group for recruitment intervention respectively. Results Compared with the control group,the intervention group had significantly greater increases in attitude,perceived behavior control and unpaid blood donation intention scores(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in subjective normative scores(P>0.05).The proportion of participants in the intervention group was higher on actively visiting the blood donation website and reading the blood donation registration notice than that of the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the groups on the spot for voluntary blood donation(P>0.05). Conclusion The single intervention based on the theory of planned behavior had limited effect on voluntary blood donation in the general population of the community.Further program should try to adjust the intervention group or cooperate with the external environment to improve the intervention effect.
引文
[1]梁晓华,安万新,孟庆丽,等.全国357家省、市两级采供血机构无偿献血工作现状调查与分析[J].中国输血杂志,2012,25(12):1233-1236.
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[5]杨屹,张莉,余登来,等.计划行为理论在吸烟男性戒烟行为干预中的应用[J].职业与健康,2016,32(6):777-779.
[6]France C R,France J L,Kowalsky J M,et al.Education in donation coping strategies encourages individuals to give blood:further evaluation of a donor recruitment brochure[J].Transfusion,2010,50(1):85-91.
[7]Francis J,Eccles M,Johnston M,et al.Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour:A manual for health services researchers[M].United Kingdom:University of Newcastle upon Tyne,2004(25):10-24.
[8]于廉,王乃红,洪缨,等.成都中心城区献血屋运行情况调查分析[J].中国输血杂志,2016,29(4):417-419.
[9]Armitage C J,Conner M.Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour:a meta-analytic review[J].British Journal of Social Psychology,2001,40(4):471-499.
[2]Ajzen,I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[3]Armitage C J,Conner M.Social cognitive determinants of blood donation[J].J Appl Soc Psychol,2001,31(7):1431-1457.
[4]Masser B M,White K M,Hyde M K,et al.Predicting blood donation intentions and behavior among Australian blood donors:Testing an extended theory of planned behavior model[J].Transfusion,2009,49(2):320-329.
[5]杨屹,张莉,余登来,等.计划行为理论在吸烟男性戒烟行为干预中的应用[J].职业与健康,2016,32(6):777-779.
[6]France C R,France J L,Kowalsky J M,et al.Education in donation coping strategies encourages individuals to give blood:further evaluation of a donor recruitment brochure[J].Transfusion,2010,50(1):85-91.
[7]Francis J,Eccles M,Johnston M,et al.Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour:A manual for health services researchers[M].United Kingdom:University of Newcastle upon Tyne,2004(25):10-24.
[8]于廉,王乃红,洪缨,等.成都中心城区献血屋运行情况调查分析[J].中国输血杂志,2016,29(4):417-419.
[9]Armitage C J,Conner M.Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour:a meta-analytic review[J].British Journal of Social Psychology,2001,40(4):471-499.