23Cr-2.2Ni-6.3Mn-0.26N节Ni型双相不锈钢动态再结晶行为研究
|
摘要
利用热模拟试验机在变形温度为1073～1423 K,应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1)的条件下对23Cr-2.2Ni-6.3Mn-0.26N节Ni型双相不锈钢动态再结晶行为进行研究。结果表明,试样在低温高应变速率变形时以两相动态回复(DRV)为主,而在高温低应变速率变形时以奥氏体动态再结晶(DRX)为主,且在0.01和0.1 s~(-1)较低应变速率下,奥氏体相再结晶晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高而增大。试样的软化机制与Z参数有关,在低Z值条件下,热变形软化以奥氏体相DRX为主。基于热变形方程得到试样的表观应力指数为5.18,热变形表观激活能为391.16 kJ/mol,并利用Sellars双曲正弦模型建立了峰值流变应力与Z参数关系本构方程。DRX临界应力随应变速率增加和变形温度减小而增大,DRX临界应变随变形温度减小而增加,且随应变速率增加(0.1～10 s~(-1))在较低变形温度下先增大后减小。确定了DRX临界应力(应变)和峰值应力(应变)的关系,DRX特征参数和Z参数相关模型,以及奥氏体相DRX体积分数模型。利用所建模型对DRX行为进行预测,表明应变速率增加和变形温度下降会推迟DRX发生。
The difference of crystal structure and stacking fault energy(SFE) of two phases in duplex stainless steels(DSS) make different softening mechanism during hot deformation. Due to different austenite stability of Mn and Ni, the substitution of Mn for Ni will significantly affect dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behavior of compression deformation. The DRX behaviors of 23Cr-2.2Ni-6.3Mn-0.26N low nickel type DSS were studied in the deformation temperatures of 1073～1423 K and strain rates of 0.01～10 s~(-1) by using a thermal simulator. The results showed that the deformation procedure of samples are mainly softened by dynamic recovery(DRV) of two phases at low temperature and high deformation strain rate, and mainly softened by austenite DRX at high temperature and low deformation strain rate. At the low strain rates of 0.01 and 0.1 s~(-1), the grain size of austenite DRX increased with the increase of deformation temperature. The softening mechanism of samples are related to the Z parameter, and the deformation softening is mainly caused by austenite DRX under the condition of low Z value. Based on the thermal deformation equation, the apparent stress index of samples were calculated as 5.18, and the apparent activation energy of thermal deformation was calculated as 391.16 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation of the relationship between the peak flow stress and the Z parameter was established by hyperbolic sinusoidal model proposed by Sellars. The critical stress of DRX increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, while the critical strain of DRX increases with the decrease of deformation temperature, and increases at first and then decreases with increasing strain rate(0.1～10 s~(-1)) at low deformation temperature. The relationship between the DRX critical stress(strain) and peak stress(strain), as well as DRX characteristic parameters and Z parameter correlation models, and the austenite phase DRX volume fraction models were determined. Moreover, the DRX volume fraction models predict that the increase of strain rate and the decrease of deformation temperature can delay occurrence of DRX.
The difference of crystal structure and stacking fault energy(SFE) of two phases in duplex stainless steels(DSS) make different softening mechanism during hot deformation. Due to different austenite stability of Mn and Ni, the substitution of Mn for Ni will significantly affect dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behavior of compression deformation. The DRX behaviors of 23Cr-2.2Ni-6.3Mn-0.26N low nickel type DSS were studied in the deformation temperatures of 1073～1423 K and strain rates of 0.01～10 s~(-1) by using a thermal simulator. The results showed that the deformation procedure of samples are mainly softened by dynamic recovery(DRV) of two phases at low temperature and high deformation strain rate, and mainly softened by austenite DRX at high temperature and low deformation strain rate. At the low strain rates of 0.01 and 0.1 s~(-1), the grain size of austenite DRX increased with the increase of deformation temperature. The softening mechanism of samples are related to the Z parameter, and the deformation softening is mainly caused by austenite DRX under the condition of low Z value. Based on the thermal deformation equation, the apparent stress index of samples were calculated as 5.18, and the apparent activation energy of thermal deformation was calculated as 391.16 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation of the relationship between the peak flow stress and the Z parameter was established by hyperbolic sinusoidal model proposed by Sellars. The critical stress of DRX increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, while the critical strain of DRX increases with the decrease of deformation temperature, and increases at first and then decreases with increasing strain rate(0.1～10 s~(-1)) at low deformation temperature. The relationship between the DRX critical stress(strain) and peak stress(strain), as well as DRX characteristic parameters and Z parameter correlation models, and the austenite phase DRX volume fraction models were determined. Moreover, the DRX volume fraction models predict that the increase of strain rate and the decrease of deformation temperature can delay occurrence of DRX.
引文
[1]Shu X J,Zhang S Q,Song Z G.Experimental research on hot workability of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N dual phase stainless steel[J].Steel Pipe,2004,33(6):15(舒先进,张淑琴,宋志刚.00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢热加工性能的试验研究[J].钢管,2004,33(6):15)
[2]Charles J,Chemelle P.The history of duplex developments nowadays DSS properties and duplex market future trends[J].World Iron Steel,2011,(6):1
[3]Feng H,Zhou X Y,Liu H,et al.Development and trend of hyper duplex stainless steels[J].J.Iorn Steel Res.,2015,27(4):1(丰涵,周晓玉,刘虎等.特超级双相不锈钢的发展现状及趋势[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(4):1)
[4]Gao W,Luo J M,Yang J J.Research progress and application of double phase stainless steel[J].Ordnan.Meter.Sci.Eng.,2005,28(3):61(高娃,罗建民,杨建君.双相不锈钢的研究进展及其应用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2005,28(3):61)
[5]Du C F,Zhan F,Yang Y H,et al.Research progress in nickelsaving duplex stainless steel[J].Met.Funct.Mater.,2010,17(5):63(杜春风,詹凤,杨银辉等.节镍型双相不锈钢的研究进展[J].金属功能材料,2010,17(5):63)
[6]Su Y S,Yang Y H,Cao J C,et al.Research on hot working behavior of low-nickel duplex stainless steel 2101[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2018,54:485(苏煜森,杨银辉,曹建春等.节Ni型2101双相不锈钢的高温热加工行为研究[J].金属学报,2018,54:485)
[7]Zhao X,Liu C H,Li Y N.Hot processing map of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750[J].Hot Work.Technol.,2015,44(15):153(赵新,刘长红,李亚宁.超级双相不锈钢UNS S32750的热加工图[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(15):153)
[8]Mao P L,Yang K,Su G Y.Hot deformation behavior of an as-cast duplex stainless steel[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2003,19:379
[9]Momeni A,Dehghani K,Poletti M C.Law of mixture used to model the flow behavior of a duplex stainless steel at high temperatures[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,2013,139:747
[10]Momeni A,Dehghani K,Keshmiri H,et al.Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a superaustenitic stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:1605
[11]Siegmund T,Werner E,Fischer F D.On the thermomechanical deformation behavior of duplex-type materials[J].J.Mech.Phys.Solids,1995,43:495
[12]Pi?ol-Juez A,Iza-Mendia A,Gutiérrez I.δ/γinterface bondary sliding as a mechanism for strain accommodation during hot deformation in a duplex stainless steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2000,31A:1671
[13]Salehi M S,Serajzadeh S.A neural network model for prediction of static recrystallization kinetics under non-isothermal conditions[J].Comput.Mater.Sci.,2010,49:773
[14]Chen F,Cui Z S,Chen S J.Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoVultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation.Part I:Dynamic recrystallization[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A528:5073
[15]Chen X M,Lin Y C,Wen D X,et al.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of a typical nickel-based superalloy during hot deformation[J].Mater.Des.,2014,57:568
[16]Tong J,Fu W T,Lin G,et al.Hot deformation behavior of00Cr25Ni7Mo4N super duplex stainless steel[J].J.Iorn.Steel Res.,2007,19(10):40(童骏,傅万堂,林刚等.00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢的高温变形行为[J].钢铁研究学报,2007,19(10):40)
[17]Farnoush H,Momeni A,Dehghani K,et al.Hot deformation characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel based on the behavior of constituent phases[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:220
[18]Liu Z Y,Li C G,Zhao Y,et al.Control on microstructures and properties of economical duplex stainless steel and its manufacturing technology[J].Angang.Technol.,2016,(2):1(刘振宇,李成刚,赵岩等.节约型双相不锈钢组织性能控制与制造技术[J].鞍钢技术,2016,(2):1)
[19]Lu P P,Wang A Q,Xie J P,et al.Effect of aging onσphase precipitation and properties of 4A duplex stainless steel[J].Mater.Rev.,2017,31(16):76(卢盼盼,王爱琴,谢敬佩等.时效处理对4A双相不锈钢σ相析出及性能的影响[J].材料导报,2017,31(16):76)
[20]Zhang M,Zhang M,Lu X K,et al.Effects of Ni to Cr mass ratio in flux-cored wire powder on microstructureand mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel weld seam[J].Mater.Mech.Eng.,2017,41(6):5(张敏,张明,芦晓康等.焊丝药粉中镍铬质量比对双相不锈钢焊缝显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2017,41(6):5)
[21]Han D,Jiang Y M,Deng B,et al.Effect of aging time on electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2101 duplex stainless steel[J].Aata Metall.Sin.,2009,45:919(韩冬,蒋益明,邓博等.时效时间对2101双相不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响[J].金属学报,2009,45:919)
[22]Liu Y Y.Study on microstructure and property evolution of LDX2101 during thermal deformation[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013(刘彦妍.2101双相不锈钢热变形过程微观组织与性能演变的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013)
[23]Feng F C,Hong H P,Xiao Y.Dynamic recrystallization rule and model of 42CrMo4 steel[A].The 9th China Steel Conference(CSM Biennial Conference[C].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013:1(冯富春,洪慧平,肖玉.42CrMo4钢动态再结晶规律及动态再结晶模型研究[A].第九届中国钢铁年会论文集[C].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013:1)
[24]Ma B.Microscopic-macroscopic multi-parameter coupling model building for low-alloy steel strip hot rolling process[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2011(马博.低合金钢板带热轧过程微宏观多参数耦合建模[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2011)
[25]Balancin O,Hoffmann W A M,Jonas J J.Influence of microstructure on the flow behavior of duplex stainless steels at high temperatures[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2000,31A:1353
[26]Imbert C A C,McQueen H J.Peak strength,strain hardening and dynamic restoration of A2 and M2 tool steels in hot deformation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2001,A313:88
[27]Yue C X,Zhang L W,Liao S L,et al.Research on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of GCr15 steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A499:177
[28]Cao J R,Liu Z D,Cheng S C,et al.The influence of strain rate and temperature on flow stress and critical dynamic recrystallisation of T122 steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2007,43:35(曹金荣,刘正东,程世长等.应变速率和变形温度对T122耐热钢流变应力和临界动态再结晶行为的影响[J].金属学报,2007,43:35)
[29]Quan G Z,Yu C T,Liu Y Y,et al.Characterization of dynamic rescrystallization behavior of 20MnNiMo steel by thermal deformation[J].Trans.Mater.Heat Treat.,2013,34(8):177(权国政,余春堂,刘莹莹等.20MnNiMo钢热塑性变形与动态再结晶软化的耦合行为[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(8):177)
[30]Wang Y M,Hamza A V,Ma E.Temperature-dependent strain rate sensitivity and activation volume of nanocrystalline Ni[J].Acta Mater.,2006,54:2715
[31]Chen L,Zhang Y J,Li F,et al.Modeling of dynamic recrystallization behavior of 21Cr-11Ni-N-RE lean austenitic heat-resistant steel during hot deformation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2016,A663:141
[32]Mirzadeh H,Najafizadeh A.Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization of 17-4 PH stainless steel[J].ISIJ Int.,2013,53:680
[33]Mirzadeh H,Cabrera J M,Najafizadeh A,et al.EBSD study of a hot deformed austenitic stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A538:236
[34]Sellars C M,McTegart W J.On the mechanism of hot deformation[J].Acta Metall.,1966,14:1136
[35]Iza-Mendia A,Pi?ol-Juez A,Urcola J J,et al.Microstructural and mechanical behavior of a duplex stainless steel under hot working conditions[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,1998,29A:2975
[36]Schramm R E,Reed R P.Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels[J].Metall.Trans.,1975,6A:1345
[37]Dai Y J,Tang D,Mi Z L,et al.The influence of manganese on the stacking fault energy and deformation mechanisms of the TWIPsteel[J].J.Mater.Eng.,2009,(7):39(代永娟,唐荻,米振莉等.锰元素对TWIP钢层错能和变形机制的影响[J].材料工程,2009,(7):39)
[38]Wang M H,Li Y F,Wang W H,et al.Quantitative analysis of work hardening and dynamic softening behavior of low carbon alloy steel based on the flow stress[J].Mater.Des.,2013,45:384
[39]Kim S I,Yoo Y C.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AISI 304stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2001,A311:108
[40]Mirzadeh H,Najafizadeh A.The rate of dynamic recrystallization in 17-4 PH stainless steel[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:4577
[41]Wang J,Xiao H,Xie H B,et al.Study on hot deformation behavior of carbon structural steel with flow stress[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A539:294
[42]Jonas J J,Quelennec X,Jiang L,et al.The Avrami kinetics of dynamic recrystallization[J].Acta Mater.,2009,57:2748
[43]Liu C S.Measuring the phase content of dual-phases stainless steel accurately[J].Phys.Test.Chem.Anal.,(Part A,Phys.Test.),2003,39:414(刘持森.双相不锈钢中相含量的精确测定[J].理化检验-物理分册,2003,39:414)
[44]Liu Y G,Li M Q,Luo J.The modelling of dynamic recrystallization in the isothermal compression of 300M steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2013,A574:1
[2]Charles J,Chemelle P.The history of duplex developments nowadays DSS properties and duplex market future trends[J].World Iron Steel,2011,(6):1
[3]Feng H,Zhou X Y,Liu H,et al.Development and trend of hyper duplex stainless steels[J].J.Iorn Steel Res.,2015,27(4):1(丰涵,周晓玉,刘虎等.特超级双相不锈钢的发展现状及趋势[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(4):1)
[4]Gao W,Luo J M,Yang J J.Research progress and application of double phase stainless steel[J].Ordnan.Meter.Sci.Eng.,2005,28(3):61(高娃,罗建民,杨建君.双相不锈钢的研究进展及其应用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2005,28(3):61)
[5]Du C F,Zhan F,Yang Y H,et al.Research progress in nickelsaving duplex stainless steel[J].Met.Funct.Mater.,2010,17(5):63(杜春风,詹凤,杨银辉等.节镍型双相不锈钢的研究进展[J].金属功能材料,2010,17(5):63)
[6]Su Y S,Yang Y H,Cao J C,et al.Research on hot working behavior of low-nickel duplex stainless steel 2101[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2018,54:485(苏煜森,杨银辉,曹建春等.节Ni型2101双相不锈钢的高温热加工行为研究[J].金属学报,2018,54:485)
[7]Zhao X,Liu C H,Li Y N.Hot processing map of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750[J].Hot Work.Technol.,2015,44(15):153(赵新,刘长红,李亚宁.超级双相不锈钢UNS S32750的热加工图[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(15):153)
[8]Mao P L,Yang K,Su G Y.Hot deformation behavior of an as-cast duplex stainless steel[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2003,19:379
[9]Momeni A,Dehghani K,Poletti M C.Law of mixture used to model the flow behavior of a duplex stainless steel at high temperatures[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,2013,139:747
[10]Momeni A,Dehghani K,Keshmiri H,et al.Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a superaustenitic stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:1605
[11]Siegmund T,Werner E,Fischer F D.On the thermomechanical deformation behavior of duplex-type materials[J].J.Mech.Phys.Solids,1995,43:495
[12]Pi?ol-Juez A,Iza-Mendia A,Gutiérrez I.δ/γinterface bondary sliding as a mechanism for strain accommodation during hot deformation in a duplex stainless steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2000,31A:1671
[13]Salehi M S,Serajzadeh S.A neural network model for prediction of static recrystallization kinetics under non-isothermal conditions[J].Comput.Mater.Sci.,2010,49:773
[14]Chen F,Cui Z S,Chen S J.Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoVultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation.Part I:Dynamic recrystallization[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A528:5073
[15]Chen X M,Lin Y C,Wen D X,et al.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of a typical nickel-based superalloy during hot deformation[J].Mater.Des.,2014,57:568
[16]Tong J,Fu W T,Lin G,et al.Hot deformation behavior of00Cr25Ni7Mo4N super duplex stainless steel[J].J.Iorn.Steel Res.,2007,19(10):40(童骏,傅万堂,林刚等.00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢的高温变形行为[J].钢铁研究学报,2007,19(10):40)
[17]Farnoush H,Momeni A,Dehghani K,et al.Hot deformation characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel based on the behavior of constituent phases[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:220
[18]Liu Z Y,Li C G,Zhao Y,et al.Control on microstructures and properties of economical duplex stainless steel and its manufacturing technology[J].Angang.Technol.,2016,(2):1(刘振宇,李成刚,赵岩等.节约型双相不锈钢组织性能控制与制造技术[J].鞍钢技术,2016,(2):1)
[19]Lu P P,Wang A Q,Xie J P,et al.Effect of aging onσphase precipitation and properties of 4A duplex stainless steel[J].Mater.Rev.,2017,31(16):76(卢盼盼,王爱琴,谢敬佩等.时效处理对4A双相不锈钢σ相析出及性能的影响[J].材料导报,2017,31(16):76)
[20]Zhang M,Zhang M,Lu X K,et al.Effects of Ni to Cr mass ratio in flux-cored wire powder on microstructureand mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel weld seam[J].Mater.Mech.Eng.,2017,41(6):5(张敏,张明,芦晓康等.焊丝药粉中镍铬质量比对双相不锈钢焊缝显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2017,41(6):5)
[21]Han D,Jiang Y M,Deng B,et al.Effect of aging time on electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2101 duplex stainless steel[J].Aata Metall.Sin.,2009,45:919(韩冬,蒋益明,邓博等.时效时间对2101双相不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响[J].金属学报,2009,45:919)
[22]Liu Y Y.Study on microstructure and property evolution of LDX2101 during thermal deformation[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013(刘彦妍.2101双相不锈钢热变形过程微观组织与性能演变的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013)
[23]Feng F C,Hong H P,Xiao Y.Dynamic recrystallization rule and model of 42CrMo4 steel[A].The 9th China Steel Conference(CSM Biennial Conference[C].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013:1(冯富春,洪慧平,肖玉.42CrMo4钢动态再结晶规律及动态再结晶模型研究[A].第九届中国钢铁年会论文集[C].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013:1)
[24]Ma B.Microscopic-macroscopic multi-parameter coupling model building for low-alloy steel strip hot rolling process[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2011(马博.低合金钢板带热轧过程微宏观多参数耦合建模[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2011)
[25]Balancin O,Hoffmann W A M,Jonas J J.Influence of microstructure on the flow behavior of duplex stainless steels at high temperatures[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2000,31A:1353
[26]Imbert C A C,McQueen H J.Peak strength,strain hardening and dynamic restoration of A2 and M2 tool steels in hot deformation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2001,A313:88
[27]Yue C X,Zhang L W,Liao S L,et al.Research on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of GCr15 steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A499:177
[28]Cao J R,Liu Z D,Cheng S C,et al.The influence of strain rate and temperature on flow stress and critical dynamic recrystallisation of T122 steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2007,43:35(曹金荣,刘正东,程世长等.应变速率和变形温度对T122耐热钢流变应力和临界动态再结晶行为的影响[J].金属学报,2007,43:35)
[29]Quan G Z,Yu C T,Liu Y Y,et al.Characterization of dynamic rescrystallization behavior of 20MnNiMo steel by thermal deformation[J].Trans.Mater.Heat Treat.,2013,34(8):177(权国政,余春堂,刘莹莹等.20MnNiMo钢热塑性变形与动态再结晶软化的耦合行为[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(8):177)
[30]Wang Y M,Hamza A V,Ma E.Temperature-dependent strain rate sensitivity and activation volume of nanocrystalline Ni[J].Acta Mater.,2006,54:2715
[31]Chen L,Zhang Y J,Li F,et al.Modeling of dynamic recrystallization behavior of 21Cr-11Ni-N-RE lean austenitic heat-resistant steel during hot deformation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2016,A663:141
[32]Mirzadeh H,Najafizadeh A.Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization of 17-4 PH stainless steel[J].ISIJ Int.,2013,53:680
[33]Mirzadeh H,Cabrera J M,Najafizadeh A,et al.EBSD study of a hot deformed austenitic stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A538:236
[34]Sellars C M,McTegart W J.On the mechanism of hot deformation[J].Acta Metall.,1966,14:1136
[35]Iza-Mendia A,Pi?ol-Juez A,Urcola J J,et al.Microstructural and mechanical behavior of a duplex stainless steel under hot working conditions[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,1998,29A:2975
[36]Schramm R E,Reed R P.Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels[J].Metall.Trans.,1975,6A:1345
[37]Dai Y J,Tang D,Mi Z L,et al.The influence of manganese on the stacking fault energy and deformation mechanisms of the TWIPsteel[J].J.Mater.Eng.,2009,(7):39(代永娟,唐荻,米振莉等.锰元素对TWIP钢层错能和变形机制的影响[J].材料工程,2009,(7):39)
[38]Wang M H,Li Y F,Wang W H,et al.Quantitative analysis of work hardening and dynamic softening behavior of low carbon alloy steel based on the flow stress[J].Mater.Des.,2013,45:384
[39]Kim S I,Yoo Y C.Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AISI 304stainless steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2001,A311:108
[40]Mirzadeh H,Najafizadeh A.The rate of dynamic recrystallization in 17-4 PH stainless steel[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:4577
[41]Wang J,Xiao H,Xie H B,et al.Study on hot deformation behavior of carbon structural steel with flow stress[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2012,A539:294
[42]Jonas J J,Quelennec X,Jiang L,et al.The Avrami kinetics of dynamic recrystallization[J].Acta Mater.,2009,57:2748
[43]Liu C S.Measuring the phase content of dual-phases stainless steel accurately[J].Phys.Test.Chem.Anal.,(Part A,Phys.Test.),2003,39:414(刘持森.双相不锈钢中相含量的精确测定[J].理化检验-物理分册,2003,39:414)
[44]Liu Y G,Li M Q,Luo J.The modelling of dynamic recrystallization in the isothermal compression of 300M steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2013,A574:1
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |