汤惠休及其乐府诗研究
|
摘要
汤惠休早年为僧,长居建业长干寺,与鲍照、颜延之、徐湛之等人交游,来回于建业、扬州、镇江一带,负有诗名,善乐府诗创作。现存史料对其生卒年及其生平记载甚少,不过从残缺的史料中亦可知其大概活动时间。今人王树平、包得义索得《释门自镜录》《北山录》等释家道场赠书,其中有关惠休生平记载是否属实亦待商榷。惠休乐府诗与鲍照息息相关,其创作对乐府诗的突破和发展也有不可小觑的贡献:一边袭用乐府古辞一边自创新乐府,好通过女子的口吻来写相思爱情诗,部分诗作深受《楚辞》影响。其五言乐府诗歌《江南思》对其爱情诗的固有模式有一定的突破,对五言诗体在南北朝的发展方向有着一定影响,不过其《秋思引》对七言诗的影响更为重大,被认为是七言诗的滥觞。对汤惠休生平及其乐府诗的研究有助于厘清诗体研究中魏晋南北朝这关键一环的发展。
Tang Huixiu was a monk in his early years. He lived in Changgan Temple in Jianye and developed friendship with Bao Zhao, Yan Yanzhi, Xu Zhan and so on, whom he traveled with around the areas such as Jianye, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. Tang is famous for his poetry and is good at writing yuefu poems. The records of the time of his birth and death and his life are rare in the existing historical data, but the approximate period of his activities can be known from the incomplete materials. Recently, Wang Shuping and Bao Deyi have gotten Shijia Zijing Lu and Beishan Lu from Buddhist shrines, in which there are records of Tang's life that is to be verified its truthfulness and accuracy. Tang Huixiu's yuefu poetry was closely related to Bao Zhao, and his creation made great contributions to the breakthrough and development of yuefu poetry. He not only inherited and used the calssical yuefu modes but also created new ones, and he preferred to write poems about lovesickness and love in the tone of women. Some of his poems were deeply influenced by the songs of Chu. His "Jiangnan Si", a five-character yuefu poem, broke through the inherent pattern of his own love poems to some extent and had a certain impact on the development direction of the five-character poetry in the Northern and Southern dynasties. But his "Qiusi Yin"had a more significant impact on the seven-character poetry and was regarded as its origin. The study of Tang Huixiu's life and his yuefu poems is conductive to clarifying the development of prosody during the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern dynasties.
Tang Huixiu was a monk in his early years. He lived in Changgan Temple in Jianye and developed friendship with Bao Zhao, Yan Yanzhi, Xu Zhan and so on, whom he traveled with around the areas such as Jianye, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. Tang is famous for his poetry and is good at writing yuefu poems. The records of the time of his birth and death and his life are rare in the existing historical data, but the approximate period of his activities can be known from the incomplete materials. Recently, Wang Shuping and Bao Deyi have gotten Shijia Zijing Lu and Beishan Lu from Buddhist shrines, in which there are records of Tang's life that is to be verified its truthfulness and accuracy. Tang Huixiu's yuefu poetry was closely related to Bao Zhao, and his creation made great contributions to the breakthrough and development of yuefu poetry. He not only inherited and used the calssical yuefu modes but also created new ones, and he preferred to write poems about lovesickness and love in the tone of women. Some of his poems were deeply influenced by the songs of Chu. His "Jiangnan Si", a five-character yuefu poem, broke through the inherent pattern of his own love poems to some extent and had a certain impact on the development direction of the five-character poetry in the Northern and Southern dynasties. But his "Qiusi Yin"had a more significant impact on the seven-character poetry and was regarded as its origin. The study of Tang Huixiu's life and his yuefu poems is conductive to clarifying the development of prosody during the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern dynasties.
引文
[1]李白.赠僧行融[M]//王琦.李太白全集. 北京:中华书局,2015.
[2]吴均.皎然,宗玄集杼山集[M]// 四库唐人文集丛刊.上海:上海古籍出版社,1992.
[3]白居易. 广宣上人以应制诗见示因以赠之诏[M]//朱金城.白居易集笺校.上海:上海古籍出版社,1988.
[4]沈约.徐湛之:列传三十一[M]//宋书:卷七十一.北京:中华书局,1974.
[5]逯钦立.先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗[M].北京:中华书局.1983.
[6]李延寿.列传二十四[M]//南史:卷三十四.北京:中华书局,1976.
[7]钟嵘.诗品[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2007.
[8]魏征.志第三十[M]//隋书:卷三十五.北京:中华书局,1997.
[9]释怀信. 释门自镜录[M]//大正藏:第五十一册.台北:佛陀教育基金会.1990.
[10]沈约.文帝:本纪第五 [M]//宋书:卷五.北京:中华书局,1974.
[11]柳宗元.序隐遁道儒释[M]//刘禹锡,辑.柳河东集:卷二十五.上海:上海古籍出版社,2008.
[12]曹道衡,沈玉成.中古文学史料丛考[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[13]丁福林.鲍照年谱[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.
[14]沈玉成.关于颜延之的生平和作品[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),1989(4):3-8.
[15]王树平,包得义.诗僧惠休的诗歌创作及其影响[J].山东社会科学,2014(1):173-177.
[16]魏征.隋书:卷二十六[M].北京:中华书局,1997.
[17]马端临.文献通考[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[18]毋有江.北魏政区地理研究[D].复旦大学,2005.
[19]萧子显.南齐书[M].北京:中华书局,1996.
[20]房玄龄.晋书[M] .北京:中华书局,1996.
[21]郭茂倩.乐府诗集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2016.
[22]吴小如,王运熙,骆玉明.汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1992.
[2]吴均.皎然,宗玄集杼山集[M]// 四库唐人文集丛刊.上海:上海古籍出版社,1992.
[3]白居易. 广宣上人以应制诗见示因以赠之诏[M]//朱金城.白居易集笺校.上海:上海古籍出版社,1988.
[4]沈约.徐湛之:列传三十一[M]//宋书:卷七十一.北京:中华书局,1974.
[5]逯钦立.先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗[M].北京:中华书局.1983.
[6]李延寿.列传二十四[M]//南史:卷三十四.北京:中华书局,1976.
[7]钟嵘.诗品[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2007.
[8]魏征.志第三十[M]//隋书:卷三十五.北京:中华书局,1997.
[9]释怀信. 释门自镜录[M]//大正藏:第五十一册.台北:佛陀教育基金会.1990.
[10]沈约.文帝:本纪第五 [M]//宋书:卷五.北京:中华书局,1974.
[11]柳宗元.序隐遁道儒释[M]//刘禹锡,辑.柳河东集:卷二十五.上海:上海古籍出版社,2008.
[12]曹道衡,沈玉成.中古文学史料丛考[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[13]丁福林.鲍照年谱[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.
[14]沈玉成.关于颜延之的生平和作品[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),1989(4):3-8.
[15]王树平,包得义.诗僧惠休的诗歌创作及其影响[J].山东社会科学,2014(1):173-177.
[16]魏征.隋书:卷二十六[M].北京:中华书局,1997.
[17]马端临.文献通考[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[18]毋有江.北魏政区地理研究[D].复旦大学,2005.
[19]萧子显.南齐书[M].北京:中华书局,1996.
[20]房玄龄.晋书[M] .北京:中华书局,1996.
[21]郭茂倩.乐府诗集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2016.
[22]吴小如,王运熙,骆玉明.汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1992.