致密气藏分段多簇压裂水平井产能计算新方法
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摘要
水平井分段压裂技术可有效改造致密油气藏,压后产能计算方法是一大研究难点。为更加快速有效地计算水平井压后产能,根据等效渗流理论,采用高渗透带表征复杂多簇缝网,利用平板流公式推导等效渗透率及高渗透带宽度的关系式;基于点汇离散法,应用位势理论和势的叠加原理,考虑裂缝间的相互干扰,建立致密气藏分段压裂水平井非稳态产能计算模型;以川西须5段页岩砂岩交互水平井分段多簇压裂为实例进行压后产能预测,半年后期稳产在2. 5×104m3/d左右。日产量模拟结果表明:高渗透带长度对低渗透致密气藏分段多簇压裂水平井产能影响最大,高渗透带条数次之,而高渗透带渗透率和间距对日产量影响相对较小;以累计产量为目标优选出高渗透带渗透率为40μm2,高渗透带半长为80～100 m,高渗透带条数为4条,间距为50 m。
Multi-stage fracturing technology in the horizontal well can effectively stimulate tight oil and gas reservoirs,the calculating method of the post-frac productivity is a big study difficulty. For the faster and more efficient calculation of the horizontal-well post-frac productivity,according to the theory of equivalent percolation,with the help of the characterized complex multi-bunch fracture new in the high-permeability band,the relational expression between the equivalent permeability and width of the high-permeability band was derived by using the plate flow formula. Based on point-convergence discrete method,and moreover by means of the geopotential theory and its superposition principle,with the consideration of the interferences among the fractures,an unsteady capacity calculating model was established for the staged-fractured horizontal wells in the tight gas reservoirs. Taking the staged multiplebunch fracturing of the shale and sandstone horizontal wells in Member Xu-5 in West Sichuan as an example,the post-frac productivity was predicted,the output was stable at about 2. 5×104m3/d in the late half year. The simulated results show that the high-permeability belt length has the greatest effect on the productivity of of the stagedmulti-bunch fractured horizontal well in the low-permeability tight gas reservoir,followed by the number of the highpermeability belt; while the permeability and spacing of the high-permeability belt have relatively little effects on the daily yield. Taking the cumulative production as the target to optimize,the permeability of the high-permeability belt should be 40 μm2,the half length of the belt should be 80-100 m,the number of the high-permeability belt should be 4 and the their spacing should be 50 m.
Multi-stage fracturing technology in the horizontal well can effectively stimulate tight oil and gas reservoirs,the calculating method of the post-frac productivity is a big study difficulty. For the faster and more efficient calculation of the horizontal-well post-frac productivity,according to the theory of equivalent percolation,with the help of the characterized complex multi-bunch fracture new in the high-permeability band,the relational expression between the equivalent permeability and width of the high-permeability band was derived by using the plate flow formula. Based on point-convergence discrete method,and moreover by means of the geopotential theory and its superposition principle,with the consideration of the interferences among the fractures,an unsteady capacity calculating model was established for the staged-fractured horizontal wells in the tight gas reservoirs. Taking the staged multiplebunch fracturing of the shale and sandstone horizontal wells in Member Xu-5 in West Sichuan as an example,the post-frac productivity was predicted,the output was stable at about 2. 5×104m3/d in the late half year. The simulated results show that the high-permeability belt length has the greatest effect on the productivity of of the stagedmulti-bunch fractured horizontal well in the low-permeability tight gas reservoir,followed by the number of the highpermeability belt; while the permeability and spacing of the high-permeability belt have relatively little effects on the daily yield. Taking the cumulative production as the target to optimize,the permeability of the high-permeability belt should be 40 μm2,the half length of the belt should be 80-100 m,the number of the high-permeability belt should be 4 and the their spacing should be 50 m.
引文
[1]夏飞.浅谈我国致密气开发技术现状及未来发展潜力[J].石化技术,2017,24(9):176.XIA Fei. Brief discussion on the current situation and future development potential of tight gas development in China[J]. Petrochemical Technology,2017,24(9):176.
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[8]何吉祥,姜瑞忠,毛瑜,等.致密气藏气水两相压裂水平井产能计算方法[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):154-161.HE Jixiang,JIANG Ruizhong,MAO Yu,et al. Calculation method of horizontal well productivity of gas and water in tight gas reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):154-161.
[9]郎兆新,张丽华,程林松.压裂水平井产能研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):43-46.LANG Zhaoxin, ZHANG Lihua,CHENG Linsong. Research on productivity of horizontal wells in fracturing[J]. Journal of Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition), 1994, 18(2):43-46.
[10]宁正福,韩树刚,程林松,等.低渗透油气藏压裂水平井产能计算方法[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):68-71.NING Zhengfu,HAN Shugang,CHENG Linsong,et al. Calculation method for productivity of fracturing horizontal wells in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002, 23(2):68-71.
[11]韩树刚,程林松,宁正福.气藏压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):36-39.HAN Shugang,CHENG Linsong,NING Zhengfu. New method for predicting production capacity of horizontal wells in gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2002,26(4):36-39.
[12]徐严波,齐桃,杨凤波,等.压裂后水平井产能预测新模型[J].石油学报,2006(1):89-91-96.XU Yanbo,QI Tao,YANG Fengbo,et al. New model for Productivity test of horizontal well after hydraulic fracturing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):89-92.
[13]曾凡辉,程小昭,郭建春.裂缝面非均匀流入的低渗透油藏压裂水平井非稳态产量计算[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1353-1358.ZENG Fanhui,CHENG Xiaozhao,GUO Jianchun. Calculation of unsteady productivity of fractured horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Central South University(Natural Science Edition),2016, 47(4):1353-1358.
[14]黄亮,宁正福,石军太,等.低渗致密气藏压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):160-166.HUANG Liang,NING Zhengfu,SHI Juntai,et al. A new method of the productivity prediction for the fractured horizontal wells in low-permeability tight gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):160-166.
[15]曾凡辉,郭建春,刘恒,等.致密砂岩气藏水平井分段压裂优化设计与应用[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):959-968.ZENG Fanhui,GUO Jianchun,LIU Heng, et al. Optimization design and application of horizontal wells staged fracturing in tight gas reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(5):959-968.
[16]郭建春,苟波,任山,等.川西页岩砂岩交互水平井压裂参数优化设计[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):511-518.GUO Jianchun, GOU Bo, REN Shan, et al. Fracturing parameters optimization design for horizontal well with shale and sandstone interbeds in West Sichuan[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):511-518.
[17]何更生,唐海.油层物理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.HE Gengsheng,TANG Hai. Reservoir physics[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[18]位云生,贾爱林,何东博,等.致密气藏多级压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(6):1101-1109.WEI Yunsheng,JIA Ailin,HE Dongbo,et al. A new method for predicting productivity of multi-stage fracturing horizontal wells in tight gas reservoir[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(6):1101-1109.
[2]魏新善,胡爱平,赵会涛,等.致密砂岩气地质认识新进展[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):11-20.WEI Xinshan,HU Aiping,ZHAO Huitao,et al. New progress in the geological understanding of tight sandstone gas[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):11-20.
[3]于兴河,李顺利,杨志浩.致密砂岩气储层的沉积成岩成因机理探讨与热点问题[J].岩性油气藏, 2015, 27(1):113-131.YU Xinghe,LI Shunli, YANG Zhihao. Discussion on depositiondiagenesis genetic mechanism and hot issues of tight sandstone gas reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(1):113-131.
[4] HOLDITCH S A. Tight gas sands[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,2006,58(6):86-93.
[5] GIGER F M. Low-permeability reservoirs development using horizontal wells[J]. SPE l6406,1985.
[6] ZHAO Jinzhou,PU Xuan,LI Yongming,et al. A semi-analytical mathematical model for predicting well performance of a multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal well in naturally fractured tight sandstone gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,32(2):273-291.
[7] YANG Zhaozhong,YI Liangping,LI Xiaogang,et al. Pseudothree-dimensional numerical model and investigation of multicluster fracturing within a stage in a horizontal well[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,162(3):190-213.
[8]何吉祥,姜瑞忠,毛瑜,等.致密气藏气水两相压裂水平井产能计算方法[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):154-161.HE Jixiang,JIANG Ruizhong,MAO Yu,et al. Calculation method of horizontal well productivity of gas and water in tight gas reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):154-161.
[9]郎兆新,张丽华,程林松.压裂水平井产能研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):43-46.LANG Zhaoxin, ZHANG Lihua,CHENG Linsong. Research on productivity of horizontal wells in fracturing[J]. Journal of Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition), 1994, 18(2):43-46.
[10]宁正福,韩树刚,程林松,等.低渗透油气藏压裂水平井产能计算方法[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):68-71.NING Zhengfu,HAN Shugang,CHENG Linsong,et al. Calculation method for productivity of fracturing horizontal wells in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2002, 23(2):68-71.
[11]韩树刚,程林松,宁正福.气藏压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):36-39.HAN Shugang,CHENG Linsong,NING Zhengfu. New method for predicting production capacity of horizontal wells in gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2002,26(4):36-39.
[12]徐严波,齐桃,杨凤波,等.压裂后水平井产能预测新模型[J].石油学报,2006(1):89-91-96.XU Yanbo,QI Tao,YANG Fengbo,et al. New model for Productivity test of horizontal well after hydraulic fracturing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):89-92.
[13]曾凡辉,程小昭,郭建春.裂缝面非均匀流入的低渗透油藏压裂水平井非稳态产量计算[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(4):1353-1358.ZENG Fanhui,CHENG Xiaozhao,GUO Jianchun. Calculation of unsteady productivity of fractured horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Central South University(Natural Science Edition),2016, 47(4):1353-1358.
[14]黄亮,宁正福,石军太,等.低渗致密气藏压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):160-166.HUANG Liang,NING Zhengfu,SHI Juntai,et al. A new method of the productivity prediction for the fractured horizontal wells in low-permeability tight gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):160-166.
[15]曾凡辉,郭建春,刘恒,等.致密砂岩气藏水平井分段压裂优化设计与应用[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):959-968.ZENG Fanhui,GUO Jianchun,LIU Heng, et al. Optimization design and application of horizontal wells staged fracturing in tight gas reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(5):959-968.
[16]郭建春,苟波,任山,等.川西页岩砂岩交互水平井压裂参数优化设计[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):511-518.GUO Jianchun, GOU Bo, REN Shan, et al. Fracturing parameters optimization design for horizontal well with shale and sandstone interbeds in West Sichuan[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):511-518.
[17]何更生,唐海.油层物理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.HE Gengsheng,TANG Hai. Reservoir physics[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[18]位云生,贾爱林,何东博,等.致密气藏多级压裂水平井产能预测新方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(6):1101-1109.WEI Yunsheng,JIA Ailin,HE Dongbo,et al. A new method for predicting productivity of multi-stage fracturing horizontal wells in tight gas reservoir[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(6):1101-1109.