孤岛微电网的分布式固定时间二次协调控制
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摘要
孤岛微电网的下垂控制策略会导致系统稳态的频率和电压偏离额定值.为此,提出一种分布式固定时间二次协调控制策略以实现系统频率和电压的恢复控制,并实现期望的有功功率分配.所提出的控制方法能在固定时间内完成二次控制目标,而不依赖于系统的初始状态.该优势使得根据任务需求来离线预设整定时间成为可能.同时,采用固定时间Lyapunov方法分析二次协调控制系统的稳定性.最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真实验验证分布式固定时间二次控制策略的有效性.
To compensate for the frequency and voltage deviation caused by droop control, a fixed-time distributed secondary coordination control scheme is proposed to restore the frequency and voltage to their nominal values and achieve the desired active power sharing property. The proposed scheme can achieve the secondary control objectives within a fixed-time, which is independent of the initial conditions. This advantage makes it possible to off-line predesign the settling time according to task requirement. The stability of the proposed secondary control scheme is rigorously proved by applying the fixed-time Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, results of the simulation with Matlab/Simulink verify the effectiveness of the proposed distributed fixed-time secondary control scheme.
To compensate for the frequency and voltage deviation caused by droop control, a fixed-time distributed secondary coordination control scheme is proposed to restore the frequency and voltage to their nominal values and achieve the desired active power sharing property. The proposed scheme can achieve the secondary control objectives within a fixed-time, which is independent of the initial conditions. This advantage makes it possible to off-line predesign the settling time according to task requirement. The stability of the proposed secondary control scheme is rigorously proved by applying the fixed-time Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, results of the simulation with Matlab/Simulink verify the effectiveness of the proposed distributed fixed-time secondary control scheme.
引文
[1]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(1):57-70.(Yang X F, Su J, Lv Z P, et al. Overview on micro-grid technology[J]. Proc of the CSEE, 2014, 34(1):57-70.)
[2] Han H, Hou X C, Yang J, et al. Review of power sharing control strategies for islanding operation of AC microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid, 2016, 7(1):200-215.
[3] Pogaku N, Prodanovi?M, Green T C. Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2007,22(2):613-625.
[4]阚志忠,张纯江,薛海芬,等.微网中三相逆变器无互连线并联新型下垂控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011, 31(33):68-74.(Kan Z Z, Zhang C J, Xue H F, et al. A novel droop control of three-phase inverters in wireless parallel operation in microgrid[J]. Proc of the CSEE, 2011, 31(33):68-74.)
[5] Simpson-Porco J W, D?rfler F, Bullo F. Synchronization and power sharing for droop-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids[J]. Automatica, 2013, 49(9):2603-2611.
[6]陈刚,李志勇,赵中原.微电网系统的分布式优化下垂控制[J].控制理论与应用, 2016, 33(8):999-1006.(Chen G, Li Z Y, Zhao Z Y. Distributed optimal droop control in micro-grid systems[J]. Control Theory&Applications, 2016, 33(8):999-1006.)
[7] Guerrero J M, Vasquez J C, Matas J, et al. Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids—A general approach toward standardization[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(1):158-172.
[8] Bidram A, Davoudi A. Hierarchical structure of microgrids control system[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2012, 3(4):1963-1976.
[9] Yazdanian M, Mehrizi-Sani A. Distributed control techniques in microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2014, 5(6):2901-2909.
[10] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L, et al. Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems[J]. IET Generation, Transmission&Distribution, 2013, 7(8):822-831.
[11] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L, et al. Distributed cooperative secondary control of microgrids using feedback linearization[J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,2013, 28(3):3462-3470.
[12] Simpson-Porco J W, Shafiee Q, D?rfler F, et al. Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(11):7025-7038.
[13] Li Z W, Zang C Z, Zeng P, et al. MAS based distributed automatic generation control for cyber-physical microgrid system[J]. IEEE/CAA J of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(1):78-89.
[14]吕振宇,苏晨,吴在军,等.孤岛型微电网分布式二次调节策略及通信拓扑优化[J].电工技术学报, 2017,32(6):209-219.(Lv Z Y, Su C, Wu Z J, et al. Distributed secondary control strategy and its communication topology optimization for islanded microgrid[J]. Trans of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(6):209-219.)
[15]何红玉,范丽,韩蓓,等.基于一致性协议的多微网协调控制[J].电网技术, 2017, 41(4):1269-1276.(He H Y, Fan L, Han B, et al. A consensus protocol based control method for coordinated multi-microgrid control[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(4):1269-1276.)
[16]丁世宏,李世华.有限时间控制问题综述[J].控制与决策, 2011, 26(2):161-169.(Ding S H, Li S H. A survey for finite-time control problems[J]. Control and Decision, 2011, 26(2):161-169.)
[17]于镝,伍清河,王垚.非线性网络有限时间分布式跟踪控制[J].控制与决策, 2013, 28(10):1491-1496.(Yu D, Wu Q H, Wang Y. Finite time distributed tracking control of nonlinear networks[J]. Control and Decision,2013, 28(10):1491-1496.)
[18] Chen G, Lewis F L, Xie L H. Finite-time distributed consensus via binary control protocols[J]. Automatica,2011, 47(9):1962-1968.
[19] Wang L, Xiao F. Finite-time consensus problems for networks of dynamic agents[J]. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 2010, 55(4):950-955.
[20] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L. Finite-time frequency synchronization in microgrids[C]. Proc of the 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Pittsburgh:IEEE, 2014:2648-2654.
[21] Guo F H, Wen C Y, Mao J F, et al. Distributed secondary voltage and frequency restoration control of droop-controlled inverter-based microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(7):4355-4364.
[22] Chen G, Feng E N. Distributed secondary control and optimal power sharing in microgrids[J]. IEEE/CAA J of Automatica Sinica, 2015, 2(3):304-312.
[23] Zuo S, Davoudi A, Song Y D, et al. Distributed finite-time voltage and frequency restoration in islanded AC microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2016, 63(10):5988-5997.
[24] Lu X Q, Yu X H, Lai J G, et al. A novel distributed secondary coordination control approach for islanded microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid, DOI:10.1109/TSG.2016.2618120.
[25] Dehkordi N M, Sadati N, Hamzeh M. Distributed robust finite-time secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,2017, 32(5):3648-3659.
[26] Polyakov A. Nonlinear feedback design design for fixed-time stabilization of linear control systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 2012, 57(8):2106-2110.
[27] Zuo Z Y. Nonsingular fixed-time consensus tracking for second-order multi-agent networks[J]. Automatica, 2015,54:305-309.
[28] Wang H, Yu W W, Wen G H, et al. Fixed-time consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under a directed communication topology[C]. Proc of the 12th IEEE Int Conf on Control&Automation. Kathmandu:IEEE, 2016:186-191.
[29] Zuo Z Y, Lin T. Distributed robust finite-time nonlinear consensus protocols for multi-agent systems[J]. Int J of Systems Science, 2016, 47(6):1366-1375.
[30] Fu J J, Wang J Z. Finite-time consensus for multi-agent systems with globally bounded convergence time under directed communication graphs[J]. Int J of Control, 2017,90(9):1807-1817.
[31] Hardy G H, Littlewood J E, Polya G. Inequalities[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1952:1-314.
[2] Han H, Hou X C, Yang J, et al. Review of power sharing control strategies for islanding operation of AC microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid, 2016, 7(1):200-215.
[3] Pogaku N, Prodanovi?M, Green T C. Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2007,22(2):613-625.
[4]阚志忠,张纯江,薛海芬,等.微网中三相逆变器无互连线并联新型下垂控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011, 31(33):68-74.(Kan Z Z, Zhang C J, Xue H F, et al. A novel droop control of three-phase inverters in wireless parallel operation in microgrid[J]. Proc of the CSEE, 2011, 31(33):68-74.)
[5] Simpson-Porco J W, D?rfler F, Bullo F. Synchronization and power sharing for droop-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids[J]. Automatica, 2013, 49(9):2603-2611.
[6]陈刚,李志勇,赵中原.微电网系统的分布式优化下垂控制[J].控制理论与应用, 2016, 33(8):999-1006.(Chen G, Li Z Y, Zhao Z Y. Distributed optimal droop control in micro-grid systems[J]. Control Theory&Applications, 2016, 33(8):999-1006.)
[7] Guerrero J M, Vasquez J C, Matas J, et al. Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids—A general approach toward standardization[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(1):158-172.
[8] Bidram A, Davoudi A. Hierarchical structure of microgrids control system[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2012, 3(4):1963-1976.
[9] Yazdanian M, Mehrizi-Sani A. Distributed control techniques in microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2014, 5(6):2901-2909.
[10] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L, et al. Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems[J]. IET Generation, Transmission&Distribution, 2013, 7(8):822-831.
[11] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L, et al. Distributed cooperative secondary control of microgrids using feedback linearization[J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,2013, 28(3):3462-3470.
[12] Simpson-Porco J W, Shafiee Q, D?rfler F, et al. Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(11):7025-7038.
[13] Li Z W, Zang C Z, Zeng P, et al. MAS based distributed automatic generation control for cyber-physical microgrid system[J]. IEEE/CAA J of Automatica Sinica, 2016, 3(1):78-89.
[14]吕振宇,苏晨,吴在军,等.孤岛型微电网分布式二次调节策略及通信拓扑优化[J].电工技术学报, 2017,32(6):209-219.(Lv Z Y, Su C, Wu Z J, et al. Distributed secondary control strategy and its communication topology optimization for islanded microgrid[J]. Trans of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(6):209-219.)
[15]何红玉,范丽,韩蓓,等.基于一致性协议的多微网协调控制[J].电网技术, 2017, 41(4):1269-1276.(He H Y, Fan L, Han B, et al. A consensus protocol based control method for coordinated multi-microgrid control[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(4):1269-1276.)
[16]丁世宏,李世华.有限时间控制问题综述[J].控制与决策, 2011, 26(2):161-169.(Ding S H, Li S H. A survey for finite-time control problems[J]. Control and Decision, 2011, 26(2):161-169.)
[17]于镝,伍清河,王垚.非线性网络有限时间分布式跟踪控制[J].控制与决策, 2013, 28(10):1491-1496.(Yu D, Wu Q H, Wang Y. Finite time distributed tracking control of nonlinear networks[J]. Control and Decision,2013, 28(10):1491-1496.)
[18] Chen G, Lewis F L, Xie L H. Finite-time distributed consensus via binary control protocols[J]. Automatica,2011, 47(9):1962-1968.
[19] Wang L, Xiao F. Finite-time consensus problems for networks of dynamic agents[J]. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 2010, 55(4):950-955.
[20] Bidram A, Davoudi A, Lewis F L. Finite-time frequency synchronization in microgrids[C]. Proc of the 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Pittsburgh:IEEE, 2014:2648-2654.
[21] Guo F H, Wen C Y, Mao J F, et al. Distributed secondary voltage and frequency restoration control of droop-controlled inverter-based microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(7):4355-4364.
[22] Chen G, Feng E N. Distributed secondary control and optimal power sharing in microgrids[J]. IEEE/CAA J of Automatica Sinica, 2015, 2(3):304-312.
[23] Zuo S, Davoudi A, Song Y D, et al. Distributed finite-time voltage and frequency restoration in islanded AC microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2016, 63(10):5988-5997.
[24] Lu X Q, Yu X H, Lai J G, et al. A novel distributed secondary coordination control approach for islanded microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Smart Grid, DOI:10.1109/TSG.2016.2618120.
[25] Dehkordi N M, Sadati N, Hamzeh M. Distributed robust finite-time secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded microgrids[J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,2017, 32(5):3648-3659.
[26] Polyakov A. Nonlinear feedback design design for fixed-time stabilization of linear control systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 2012, 57(8):2106-2110.
[27] Zuo Z Y. Nonsingular fixed-time consensus tracking for second-order multi-agent networks[J]. Automatica, 2015,54:305-309.
[28] Wang H, Yu W W, Wen G H, et al. Fixed-time consensus tracking of multi-agent systems under a directed communication topology[C]. Proc of the 12th IEEE Int Conf on Control&Automation. Kathmandu:IEEE, 2016:186-191.
[29] Zuo Z Y, Lin T. Distributed robust finite-time nonlinear consensus protocols for multi-agent systems[J]. Int J of Systems Science, 2016, 47(6):1366-1375.
[30] Fu J J, Wang J Z. Finite-time consensus for multi-agent systems with globally bounded convergence time under directed communication graphs[J]. Int J of Control, 2017,90(9):1807-1817.
[31] Hardy G H, Littlewood J E, Polya G. Inequalities[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1952:1-314.