交联行为对纳米复合电介质电导特性和电气强度的影响
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摘要
为了研究交联行为对纳米复合材料电导特性和电气强度的影响,采用熔融共混法分别制备了聚乙烯/蒙脱土(PE/OMMT)和交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土(XLPE/OMMT)纳米复合材料,研究了有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)在聚合物中的层间距变化和分散状态,对复合材料的体积电阻率和工频电气强度进行了测试。结果表明:OMMT在聚乙烯(PE)基体中的层间距大于在交联聚乙烯(XLPE)中的层间距。当OMMT质量分数为2%时,蒙脱土在聚乙烯中呈现出良好的剥离分散状态。纳米复合材料的体积电阻率随温度升高而减小,其活化能的大小与有机化蒙脱土的插层效率有关。OMMT的加入明显提高了PE的电气强度。而交联后由于三维网状结构的建立,较强的分子间作用力减小了OMMT的层间距,使OMMT的分散均匀性变差,导致交联后复合电介质的电气强度相比交联前有所降低。
In order to study the effect of crosslinking behavior on the conductivity characteristic and electric strength of nanocomposites, polyethylene/montmorillonite(PE/OMMT) and crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite(XLPE/OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melting blending method, respectively.The interlayer spacing variation and dispersion state of organic montmorillonite(OMMT) in polymer were studied. The volume resistivity and AC electric strength of the composites were tested. The results show that the interlayer spacing of OMMT in polyethylene(PE) is larger than that in crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE). When the mass fraction of OMMT is 2%, the OMMT can be well dispersed in the polyethylene. The volume resistivity of nanocomposites decreases with the increase of temperature, and their activation energy are related to the intercalation efficiency of OMMT. With the addition of OMMT, the electric strength of PE increases significantly. While after PE is crosslinking and the three-dimensional network structure is built, the interlayer spacing of OMMT decrease because of the strong intermolecular force, making the dispersion uniformity of OMMT become worse, leading to the electric strength of composite dielectrics decrease after crosslinking.
In order to study the effect of crosslinking behavior on the conductivity characteristic and electric strength of nanocomposites, polyethylene/montmorillonite(PE/OMMT) and crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite(XLPE/OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melting blending method, respectively.The interlayer spacing variation and dispersion state of organic montmorillonite(OMMT) in polymer were studied. The volume resistivity and AC electric strength of the composites were tested. The results show that the interlayer spacing of OMMT in polyethylene(PE) is larger than that in crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE). When the mass fraction of OMMT is 2%, the OMMT can be well dispersed in the polyethylene. The volume resistivity of nanocomposites decreases with the increase of temperature, and their activation energy are related to the intercalation efficiency of OMMT. With the addition of OMMT, the electric strength of PE increases significantly. While after PE is crosslinking and the three-dimensional network structure is built, the interlayer spacing of OMMT decrease because of the strong intermolecular force, making the dispersion uniformity of OMMT become worse, leading to the electric strength of composite dielectrics decrease after crosslinking.
引文
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[21]刘衍,周求宽,赵晶轩,等.交互区对纳米Al2O3-环氧树脂复合电介质短时击穿特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(12):18-23.
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[2] ZHOU Y, HU J, DANG B, et al. Effect of different nanoparticles on tuning electrical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(3):1380-1389.
[3]陈少卿,成霞,王霞,等.纳米氧化锌/聚乙烯复合材料中空间电荷及体积电阻率的研究[J].绝缘材料,2007,40(2):48-53.
[4] MURAKAMI Y, NEMOTO M, OKUZUMI S, et al. DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):33-39.
[5]龚瑾,李喆.氮化硼/环氧树脂复合材料空间电荷与实验研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(6):20-26.
[6]王思蛟,查俊伟,王俊甫,等.纳米Al2O3对低密度聚乙烯高压直流电缆绝缘材料性能影响研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6613-6618.
[7]黄兴溢,张强,江平开.纳米颗粒形状对线性低密度聚乙烯纳米复合电介质电学性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6606-6611.
[8]李剑,俸波,章华中,等.低密度聚乙烯/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的水树枝生长特性[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2410-2414.
[9]杨丽君,顾佳,柏舸,等.电场诱导蒙脱土在聚乙烯中取向分散及对其电树枝特性影响研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):176-184.
[10]张晓虹,潘宇,李瑞显,等. EP/SiO2/MMT微纳米复合材料耐电树枝性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2808-2812.
[11] GUASTAVINO F, TORELLO E, SQUARCIA S, et al. Insulation properties of LDPE nanocomposites obtained by the dispersion of different nanoparticles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(2):444-451.
[12] CHI X H, GAO J G, ZHANG X H. Electrical tree propagating characteristics of polyethylene/nano-montmorillonite composites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1530-1536.
[13]胥志勇,赵洪,陈俊岐,等.交联度对交联聚乙烯水树枝老化特性的影响[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(4):31-35.
[14]闫志雨,韩宝忠,赵洪,等.炭黑/交联聚乙烯纳米复合材料的空间电荷和电导特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2661-2667.
[15]梁英,陈逸昕,刘云鹏,等.运行复合绝缘子材料的体积电阻率-温度特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):312-317.
[16]武宇波,李入鹏,高俊国,等.蒙脱土改性聚乙烯复合材料的高场介电性能研究[J].绝缘材料,2007,40(3):41-44.
[17]李秀峰,彭云舜,咸日常,等. XLPE/OMMT纳米复合材料电导和击穿性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2849-2856.
[18] LI X F, XU M, ZHANG K, et al. Influence of organic intercalants on the morphology and dielectric properties of XLPE/montmorillonite nanocomposite dielectrics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(4):1705-1717.
[19]姚磊.电场和温度场下SiO2/聚合物微结构演化及介电和热性能[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2017.
[20] LI S T, YIN G L, BAI S N, et al. Short-term breakdown and long-term failure in nanodielectrics:A review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(5):1523-1535.
[21]刘衍,周求宽,赵晶轩,等.交互区对纳米Al2O3-环氧树脂复合电介质短时击穿特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(12):18-23.
[22]龙永会,谢大荣,吴南屏.交联结构对聚乙烯结晶形态及电性能的影响[J].电线电缆,1993(5):20-23.