不同加固技术在散粒体斜坡表层的应用对比研究
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摘要
散粒体斜坡多发育于我国西部山区,由块度不一、黏粒含量较少的碎砾石土组成,由于胶结性差,遇雨水冲刷、风吹或人畜踩踏易失稳。传统坡面防护技术包括拦挡锚固和土工材料与植被构筑,新型护坡技术是结合了岩土材料加固和生态环境两方面所提出的新方法。本文中该新技术是指将浓度1.3%的改性钠羧甲基纤维素与边坡表层土拌合,后掺入植物纤维,喷洒到坡表形成加固层;加固层表面喷洒草籽,以达到边坡防护的目的。文章选择传统的护坡方法(格构和三维网)和新型土壤改良方法结合植草绿化技术对室外某散粒体斜坡进行加固处理,以天然斜坡为参照,统计降雨冲刷和径流冲刷后边坡表面侵蚀破坏、入渗和植被破坏特征,对比不同护坡方式的应用效果。试验结果表明:每个斜坡辅之相同的植草条件下,对比降雨和放水冲刷试验后各边坡的侵蚀破坏特征可以发现,材料改良植草边坡侵蚀弱,产沙量小,作用层能减缓雨水下渗,提高植被存活率和降低植被倒伏率,其效果优于三维网植草护坡和格构植草护坡。
Most of the granular slopes exist in western mountainous areas of China.Granular slopes,which are made up of different sizes of lumpiness and few clay particles,are easy to collapse because of weak cementation between particles,rain eroding & wind eroding or the people and animals' tread.Traditional technologies for slope protection contain frame and geo-grid with plants.A new method involves geotechnical materials and ecological environment and focuses on the surface protection of slope by using topsoil which is stabilized with 1.3% of the modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(M-CMC) as well as plant fiber.Two traditional methods(rhombic frame beams and geo-grid) and this new environmental method for soil modification are used to increase the stability of a granular slope in the field in this study and natural slopes are taken as references.The values of soil loss,moisture content and vegetation deterioration rate of slopes suffering from rainfall and runoff erosion are observed and collected.Under the same condition of vegetation,it is found that the sediment yield,erosion deformation,infiltration rate of moisture and lodging rate of slope stabilized by M-CMC are much less than those of natural slopes and slopes stabilized by frame beams and geo-grid.The value of these indexes of natural slopes is less than that of frame beams and geo-grid.As a result,the slope treated with M-CMC protection is better than that with geo-grid,frame beams and natural slope.
Most of the granular slopes exist in western mountainous areas of China.Granular slopes,which are made up of different sizes of lumpiness and few clay particles,are easy to collapse because of weak cementation between particles,rain eroding & wind eroding or the people and animals' tread.Traditional technologies for slope protection contain frame and geo-grid with plants.A new method involves geotechnical materials and ecological environment and focuses on the surface protection of slope by using topsoil which is stabilized with 1.3% of the modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(M-CMC) as well as plant fiber.Two traditional methods(rhombic frame beams and geo-grid) and this new environmental method for soil modification are used to increase the stability of a granular slope in the field in this study and natural slopes are taken as references.The values of soil loss,moisture content and vegetation deterioration rate of slopes suffering from rainfall and runoff erosion are observed and collected.Under the same condition of vegetation,it is found that the sediment yield,erosion deformation,infiltration rate of moisture and lodging rate of slope stabilized by M-CMC are much less than those of natural slopes and slopes stabilized by frame beams and geo-grid.The value of these indexes of natural slopes is less than that of frame beams and geo-grid.As a result,the slope treated with M-CMC protection is better than that with geo-grid,frame beams and natural slope.
引文
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[2]张元才,黄润秋,傅荣华,等.溜砂坡大规模失稳动力学机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):65-72.[ZHANG Y C,HUANG RQ,FU R H,et al.Experimental research on dynamic failure mechanism of large-scale talus slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):65-72.(in Chinese)]
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[9]王桂尧,胡圣辉,张永杰,等.小乔木根系根土间作用力的室外拉拔试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):64-69.[WANG G Y,HU S H,ZHANG Y J,et al.An outdoor drawing test study of the root soil interaction force for a small tree root system[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(6):64-69.(in Chinese)]
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[12]胡夏嵩,陈桂琛,周国英,等.青藏铁路沱沱河段路基边坡植物护坡根系力学强度试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):107-113.[HU XS,CHEN G C,ZHOU G Y,et al.A study of the mechanic strength of vegetation roots for road bed slope protection in the Tuotuohe river region along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(1):107-113.(in Chinese)]
[13]李勉,姚文艺,陈江南,等.草被覆盖下坡面一沟坡系统坡面流阻力变化特征试验研究[[J].水利学报,2007,38(1):112-119.[LI M,YAO W Y,CHEN J G,et al.Experimental study on runoff resistance of hilly slope-gullied surface with grass coverage[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(1):112-119.(in Chinese)]
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[17]刘瑾,施斌,姜洪涛,等.STW型高分子土壤稳定剂改良粘性土团聚体水稳性实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(2):77-80.[LIU J,SHIB,JIANG H T,et al.Research on the calculation of stochastic m-method of the anti-slide pile with the excavation of front soil[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009,36(2):77-80.(in Chinese)]
[18]赵海英,王旭东,李最雄,等.PS材料模数、浓度对干旱区土建筑遗址加固效果的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):557-562.[ZHAO HY,WANG X D,LI Z X,et al.Impact of modulus and concentration of potassium silicate material on consolidating earthen architecture sites in arid region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):557-562.(in Chinese)]
[19]刘军,孙延菲,王莉,等.不同喷洒浓度沙蒿胶固沙效果试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):149-155.[LIU J,ZHANG Y F,WANG L,et al.Sand fixation experiment of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch.gum with different concentrations[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(5):149-155.(in Chinese)]
[20]吴军虎,陶汪海,王海洋,等.羧甲基纤维素钠对土壤团粒结构及水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):117-123.[WU J H,TAO WH,WANG H Y,et al.Influence of sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose on soil aggregate structureand soil water movement[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(2):117-123.(in Chinese)]
[21]岳桓陛,杨建英,杨阳,等.不同降雨强度条件下植被毯护坡技术的产流特性[J].中国水土保持科学.2015,13(1):35-41.[YUE H B,YANG J Y,YANG Y,et al.Runoff producing characteristics of vegetation carpet greening technology at different rainfall intensities[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(1):35-41.(in Chinese)]
[22]李元元,王占礼.高分子多肽衍生物防治风蚀的风洞试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):149-155.[LI Y Y,WANG Z L.Wind tunnel experiment on polypeptide derivatives in controlling wind erosion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(5):149-155.(in Chinese)]
[23]ABU-ZREIG,M.Control of rainfall-Induced soil erosion with various types of polyacrylamide[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2006,6(3):137-144.
[24]裴向军,杨晴雯,许强,等.改性钠羧甲基纤维素胶结固化土质边坡机理与抗冲蚀特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(11):2316-2327.[PEI X J,YANG Q W,XU Q,et al.Research on glue reinforcement mechanism and scouring resistant properties of soil slopes by modified carboxymethyl cellulose[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(11):2316-2327.(in Chinese)]
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