留守状况对隔代教养留守儿童心理健康的影响:祖父母心理健康的中介作用（英文）
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摘要
目的:本研究旨在检验留守状况对留守儿童心理健康的影响,以及作为儿童实际照顾者的祖父母的心理健康水平在这一过程中的中介效应。方法:在中国西北农村选取1069名年龄介于6-17岁由祖父母抚养的留守儿童,对留守儿童的心理健康(不安倾向),儿童祖父母的抑郁、焦虑和生活满意度等方面进行测量;同时收集外出务工父母"回家频率"和"与家庭联系频率"作为儿童留守状况的指标。结果:(1)留守儿童心理健康状况得分与其留守状况、其祖父母消极情绪均显著正相关(r=0.10&0.43, Ps<0.01),与其祖父母的生活满意度显著负相关(r=-0.24, P<0.001);(2)结构方程模型显示,留守状况对留守儿童祖父母的心理健康具有消极影响,然而留守状况并不能直接预测留守儿童的心理健康水平(χ~2/df=150.01/56=2.68, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.03);(3)中介分析表明,留守状况通过祖父母的心理状态,尤其是消极情绪,间接影响留守儿童的心理健康。结论:留守状况通过影响儿童祖辈抚养者的心理健康进而对留守儿童心理健康产生影响。
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of left behind status on mental health of left behind children parented by grandparents, and the mediation effects of grandparents' mental health in this relationship.Methods: In this study, 1069 left-behind children(aged 6-17) from grand-parenting families were selected in northwest rural China, mental health(restless tendency) of the children, anxiety, depression and life satisfaction of their grandparentswere measured. Meanwhile, the frequencies of parents going back home and contacting with families in the past year wereused to indicate the left-behind status. Results: A positive relation was found between left-behind status and mentalhealth of left-behind children(r=0.10, P<0.01), meanwhile left-behind children's mental health was positively correlated tothe negative emotion of their grandparents(r=0.43, P<0.001); but was negatively related to the life-satisfaction of theirgrandparents(r=-0.24, P<0.001). Structural equation model analysis showed that, the effect of left behind status on mentalhealth of left-behind children was mediated by mental health of grandparents, especially negative emotion(χ~2/df=150.01/56=2.68, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.03). Conclusion: The results indicated that being left behind washarmful to the mental health of left-behind children via mental status of their caregivers.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of left behind status on mental health of left behind children parented by grandparents, and the mediation effects of grandparents' mental health in this relationship.Methods: In this study, 1069 left-behind children(aged 6-17) from grand-parenting families were selected in northwest rural China, mental health(restless tendency) of the children, anxiety, depression and life satisfaction of their grandparentswere measured. Meanwhile, the frequencies of parents going back home and contacting with families in the past year wereused to indicate the left-behind status. Results: A positive relation was found between left-behind status and mentalhealth of left-behind children(r=0.10, P<0.01), meanwhile left-behind children's mental health was positively correlated tothe negative emotion of their grandparents(r=0.43, P<0.001); but was negatively related to the life-satisfaction of theirgrandparents(r=-0.24, P<0.001). Structural equation model analysis showed that, the effect of left behind status on mentalhealth of left-behind children was mediated by mental health of grandparents, especially negative emotion(χ~2/df=150.01/56=2.68, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.03). Conclusion: The results indicated that being left behind washarmful to the mental health of left-behind children via mental status of their caregivers.
引文
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7 Zhao Jingxin,Liu Xia,Wang Meifang.Parent-child cohesion,friend companionship and left-behind children’s emotional adaptation in rural China.Child Abuse&Neglect,2015,48:190-199
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10 Cao Zhongping,Yang Yuanhua.The influence of parent child separation on the security of left-behind children.Education Measurement and Evaluation,2008,7:36-38
11 Wang Juan,Zhang Jijia,Zhu Yunxia.Meta-analysis on mental health of rural left-behind children.Education Measurement and Evaluation,2014,4:41-47
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13 Chen Tiezheng.The living condition of the left-behind elderly in rural.Hubei Social Sciences,2009,8:57-60
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18 Powdthavee N,Vignoles A.Mental Health of Parents and Life Satisfaction of Children:A Within-Family Analysis of Intergenerational Transmission of Well-Being.Social Indicators Research,2007,88:397-422
19 Shin DC,Johnson DM.Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life.Social Indicators Research,1978,5:475-492
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21 Bray I,Gunnell D.Suicide rates,life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,2006,41:333-337
22 Zhou Bucheng.Handbook of mental health test(MHT).Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,1991
23 Zung WW.A self-rating depression scale.Archives of General Psychiatry,1965,12(12):63-70
24 Dai Xiaoyang.Handbook of psychological assessment scales,133-155.Beijing:People’s Military Medical Press,2011
25 Zung WW.A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.Psychosomatics,1971,12:371-379
26 Neugarten BL,Havighurst RJ,Tobin SS.The measurement of life satisfaction.Journal of Gerontology,1961,16:134-143
27 Wang Xiangdong,Wang Xilin,Ma Hong.Handbook of mental health rating scale,75-197.Beijing:Agency of Chinese Journal of Mental Health,1999
28 Shrout PE,Bolger N.Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies:new procedures and recommendations.Psychological Methods,2002,7:422-445
29 Wen M,Lin D.Child development in rural China:Children left-behind by their migrant parents and children of nonmigrant families.Child Development,2012,83:120-136
2 Zhou Fulin,Duan Chengrong.An overview on left-behind children in China.Population Journal,2006,3:61-62
3 Zhang Chunlin,Zhang Guobing,Wu Yeguang.Study on the mental health of the left-behind elderly in rural areas.Chinese Journal of Aging,2013,6:2719-2722
4 The All-China Women’s Federation.Report on the leftbehind children and migrant children in China.Chinese Women’s Movement,2013,6:30-34
5 Dai Qian,Chu Rong-Xuan.Anxiety,happiness and selfesteem of western Chinese left-behind children.Child Abuse&Neglect,2016
6 Chen Mengtong,Chan Koling.Parental absence,child victimization,and psychological well-being in rural China.Child Abuse&Neglect,2016,59:45-54
7 Zhao Jingxin,Liu Xia,Wang Meifang.Parent-child cohesion,friend companionship and left-behind children’s emotional adaptation in rural China.Child Abuse&Neglect,2015,48:190-199
8 GaoYabing.A comparative study of psychological development between ordinary children and left-behind children of different guardianship types.Chinese Journal of Special Education,2008,7:56-61
9 Ye Jingzhong,Wang Yihuan.On current status and characteristics of care taking for left-behind children.Population Journal,2006,3:55-59
10 Cao Zhongping,Yang Yuanhua.The influence of parent child separation on the security of left-behind children.Education Measurement and Evaluation,2008,7:36-38
11 Wang Juan,Zhang Jijia,Zhu Yunxia.Meta-analysis on mental health of rural left-behind children.Education Measurement and Evaluation,2014,4:41-47
12 Su S,Li X,Lin D,et al.Psychological adjustment among left-behind children in rural China:the role of parental migration and parent-child communication.Child:Care,Health and Development,2012,39:162-170
13 Chen Tiezheng.The living condition of the left-behind elderly in rural.Hubei Social Sciences,2009,8:57-60
14 Chen Zhengying.Mental health status and psychological intervention of left behind elderly in Western Minority Areas.Chinese Nursing Research,2008,22:3138-3146
15 Ye Jingzhong,He Congzhi.Silent sunset-Chinese rural left behind elderly,313-316.Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2008
16 Jia Yajuan.Investigation on the mental health of the leftbehind elderly in rural areas of Shaanxi Province in the context of migrant workers.Modern Economic Information,2011,2:271-272
17 Larson RW,Almeida DM.Emotional transmission in the daily lives of families:A new paradigm for studying family process.Journal of Marriage and the Family,1999,61:5-20
18 Powdthavee N,Vignoles A.Mental Health of Parents and Life Satisfaction of Children:A Within-Family Analysis of Intergenerational Transmission of Well-Being.Social Indicators Research,2007,88:397-422
19 Shin DC,Johnson DM.Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life.Social Indicators Research,1978,5:475-492
20 Kuppens P,Realo A,Diener Ed.The role of positive and negative emotions in life satisfaction judgment across nations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2008,95:66-75
21 Bray I,Gunnell D.Suicide rates,life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,2006,41:333-337
22 Zhou Bucheng.Handbook of mental health test(MHT).Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,1991
23 Zung WW.A self-rating depression scale.Archives of General Psychiatry,1965,12(12):63-70
24 Dai Xiaoyang.Handbook of psychological assessment scales,133-155.Beijing:People’s Military Medical Press,2011
25 Zung WW.A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.Psychosomatics,1971,12:371-379
26 Neugarten BL,Havighurst RJ,Tobin SS.The measurement of life satisfaction.Journal of Gerontology,1961,16:134-143
27 Wang Xiangdong,Wang Xilin,Ma Hong.Handbook of mental health rating scale,75-197.Beijing:Agency of Chinese Journal of Mental Health,1999
28 Shrout PE,Bolger N.Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies:new procedures and recommendations.Psychological Methods,2002,7:422-445
29 Wen M,Lin D.Child development in rural China:Children left-behind by their migrant parents and children of nonmigrant families.Child Development,2012,83:120-136