基于科学知识图谱谈土壤有机碳研究进展
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摘要
以"土壤有机碳"为主题词,从ISI Web of Science数据库核心集中检索出1975—2018年文献2 258篇,运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具,对合著国家、作者、机构、学科领域、文献共被引网络以及关键词共现网络等进行可视化分析,对土壤有机碳的研究进展及演变趋势进行了图谱解读和追踪分析。结果表明:(1)土壤有机碳研究经历了起步、发展、稳定三个阶段;(2)土壤有机碳研究具有很强的学科交叉性,涉及环境生态学、环境科学、农业综合、农艺学、化学、农学及生态学等众多学科领域;(3)当前的研究方向主要为土壤有机碳储量与稳定土分离;(4)研究趋势已转为碳储量与耕地管理研究;(5)中国土壤有机碳研究起步较晚但发展迅速,在国际上处于重要地位。
【Objective】In order to review progresses of the research on soil organic carbon, 2 258 articles on soil organic carbon published during the period from 1975 to 2018 and pooled into the core set of the ISI Web of Science database were cited for analysis.【Method】 Based on co-citation and pathFinder, CiteSpace was adopted to evaluate the collection of documents in a specific field to explore key paths and knowledge turning points of the evolution of the science field and collate key documents and quantify their corresponding features in the literature, so as to analyze potential dynamic mechanisms of the evolution of the discipline and search for development frontiers of the discipline. CiteSpace is composed mainly of cooperation network analysis(cooperations between authors, countries and institutions) co-occurrence network analysis(characteristic words, keywords, discipline categories) and co-citation analysis(documents, authors, co-cited journals) and some other functional modules. Data were retrieved, processed and introduced into CiteSpace, with time slicing set as 1975—2018 and Year Per Slice as 1 year; Country(Country), Author(Author) and Institution(Institution) selected as node type(Node Type) in turn; annual citation frequency(Top N) being 50 in rank; national, author and institutional maps generated and knowledge patterns, such as basic characteristics, cooperation characteristics, literature cocitation and keyword co-occurrence, analyzed.【Result】(1) Except for a slight decline in 2006, 2011 and 2015, the annual average number of published articles showed an overall upward trend, indicating that the research on soil organic carbon continued increasing;(2) The study on soil organic carbon has gone through three phases: initiation, development, and stabilization;(3) The study on soil organic carbon is highly interdisciplinary, involving environmental ecology, environmental science, agricultural integration, agronomy, chemistry, agricultural science, ecology, and some other disciplines;(4) The current hot spots of the research are concentrated on soil organic carbon reserves and separation and stabilization of soils;(5) Research tends to deal with management of carbon reserves and cultivated land; and(6) The study on soil organic carbon in China started quite late, but has been developing rapidly, and is now in an important position internationally.【Conclusion】 As an effective tool for analysis of knowledge maps, CiteSpace can be used to clarify the cooperative relationships between countries, authors and institutions in the field. So far, a total of 56 countries have cooperative relations. Although China started late in the research, it has a huge number of researchers, stands on the top in number of published papers and has established close relations with other countries. The study on soil organic carbon involves a wide range of disciplines. Intercross of disciplines can be traced back to the 1990 s, and the intercrossing of agriculture, soil, and environment sciences is relatively frequent. The research on soil organic carbon can be divided into 14 topics, with soil organic carbon reserves, mineral fertilization, separation of stable soils, stoichiometric analysis, and residual soil being frontiers of the research.
【Objective】In order to review progresses of the research on soil organic carbon, 2 258 articles on soil organic carbon published during the period from 1975 to 2018 and pooled into the core set of the ISI Web of Science database were cited for analysis.【Method】 Based on co-citation and pathFinder, CiteSpace was adopted to evaluate the collection of documents in a specific field to explore key paths and knowledge turning points of the evolution of the science field and collate key documents and quantify their corresponding features in the literature, so as to analyze potential dynamic mechanisms of the evolution of the discipline and search for development frontiers of the discipline. CiteSpace is composed mainly of cooperation network analysis(cooperations between authors, countries and institutions) co-occurrence network analysis(characteristic words, keywords, discipline categories) and co-citation analysis(documents, authors, co-cited journals) and some other functional modules. Data were retrieved, processed and introduced into CiteSpace, with time slicing set as 1975—2018 and Year Per Slice as 1 year; Country(Country), Author(Author) and Institution(Institution) selected as node type(Node Type) in turn; annual citation frequency(Top N) being 50 in rank; national, author and institutional maps generated and knowledge patterns, such as basic characteristics, cooperation characteristics, literature cocitation and keyword co-occurrence, analyzed.【Result】(1) Except for a slight decline in 2006, 2011 and 2015, the annual average number of published articles showed an overall upward trend, indicating that the research on soil organic carbon continued increasing;(2) The study on soil organic carbon has gone through three phases: initiation, development, and stabilization;(3) The study on soil organic carbon is highly interdisciplinary, involving environmental ecology, environmental science, agricultural integration, agronomy, chemistry, agricultural science, ecology, and some other disciplines;(4) The current hot spots of the research are concentrated on soil organic carbon reserves and separation and stabilization of soils;(5) Research tends to deal with management of carbon reserves and cultivated land; and(6) The study on soil organic carbon in China started quite late, but has been developing rapidly, and is now in an important position internationally.【Conclusion】 As an effective tool for analysis of knowledge maps, CiteSpace can be used to clarify the cooperative relationships between countries, authors and institutions in the field. So far, a total of 56 countries have cooperative relations. Although China started late in the research, it has a huge number of researchers, stands on the top in number of published papers and has established close relations with other countries. The study on soil organic carbon involves a wide range of disciplines. Intercross of disciplines can be traced back to the 1990 s, and the intercrossing of agriculture, soil, and environment sciences is relatively frequent. The research on soil organic carbon can be divided into 14 topics, with soil organic carbon reserves, mineral fertilization, separation of stable soils, stoichiometric analysis, and residual soil being frontiers of the research.
引文
[1]黄昌勇.土壤学.北京:中国农业出版社,2000Huang C Y.Soil Science(In Chinese).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000
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[4]张苗.国外土地利用与碳排放知识图谱分析.中国土地科学,2016(3):51-60Zhang M.Analysis on the knowledge mapping of foreign research on land use and carbon emission based on the CiteSpaceⅢ(In Chinese).China Land Sciences,2016(3):51-60
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[6]Don A,Schumacher J,Freibauer A.Impact of tropical land‐use change on soil organic carbon stocks-A metaanalysis.Global Change Biology,2011,17(4):1658-1670
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[8]Post W M,Kwon K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:Processes and potential.Global Change Biology,2010,16(3):317-327
[9]Guo L B,Gifford R M.Soil carbon stocks and land use change:A meta analysis.Global Change Biology,2002,8(4):345-360
[10]Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change.Geoderma,2004,123(1/2):1-22
[11]Davidson E A,Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change.Nature,2006,440(7081):165-173
[12]Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security.Science,2004,304(5677):1623-1627
[13]Luo Z,Wang E,Sun O J.Soil carbon change and its responses to agricultural practices in Australian agroecosystems:A review and synthesis.Geoderma,2010,155(3):211-223
[14]Baker J M,Ochsner T E,Venterea R T,et al.Tillage and soil carbon sequestration-What do we really know?Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,118(1):1-5
[15]West T O,Post W M.Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(6):1930-1946
[16]Schmidt M W,Torn M S,Abiven S,et al.Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property.Nature,2011,478(7367):49-56
[17]Six J,Callewaert P,Lenders S,et al.Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(6):1981-1987
[18]Wu H,Guo Z,Peng C.Distribution and storage of soil organic carbon in China.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(2):1-10
[19]Six J,Conant R T,Paul E A,et al.Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter:Implications for C-saturation of soils.Plant&Soil,2002,241(2):155-176
[20]Knorr W,Prentice I C,House J I,et al.Long-term sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to warming.Nature,2005,433(7023):298-301
[21]Bo S,Raphaela V R,Abdulmounem M,et al.Visible and near infrared spectroscopy in soil science.Advances in Agronomy,2010,107:163-215
[22]Mueller T.Soil carbon maps:Enhancing spatial estimates with simple terrain attributes at multiple scales.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):258-267
[23]Smith P,Smith J U,Powlson D S,et al.A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments.Geoderma,1997,81(1/2):153-225
[24]Zimmerman A R,Gao B,Ahn M Y.Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(6):1169-1179
[2]陈悦,陈超美,刘则渊,等.CiteSpace知识图谱的方法论功能.科学学研究,2015,33(2):242-253Chen Y,Chen C M,Liu Z Y,et al.The methodology function of CiteSpace mapping knowledge domains(In Chinese).Studies in Science of Science,2015,33(2):242-253
[3]张影,巩杰,马学成,等.基于文献计量的近20多年来土地利用对土壤有机碳影响研究进展与热点.土壤通报,2016,47(2):480-488Zhang Y,Gong J,Ma X C,et al.Research progress on the impact of land use on soil organic carbon based on the bibliometric method(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):480-488
[4]张苗.国外土地利用与碳排放知识图谱分析.中国土地科学,2016(3):51-60Zhang M.Analysis on the knowledge mapping of foreign research on land use and carbon emission based on the CiteSpaceⅢ(In Chinese).China Land Sciences,2016(3):51-60
[5]Oost K V,Quine T A,Govers G,et al.The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle.Science,2007,318(5850):626-629
[6]Don A,Schumacher J,Freibauer A.Impact of tropical land‐use change on soil organic carbon stocks-A metaanalysis.Global Change Biology,2011,17(4):1658-1670
[7]Je?Ro?Me L,Denisa A,David P.Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation:A meta-analysis.Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):439-453
[8]Post W M,Kwon K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:Processes and potential.Global Change Biology,2010,16(3):317-327
[9]Guo L B,Gifford R M.Soil carbon stocks and land use change:A meta analysis.Global Change Biology,2002,8(4):345-360
[10]Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change.Geoderma,2004,123(1/2):1-22
[11]Davidson E A,Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change.Nature,2006,440(7081):165-173
[12]Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security.Science,2004,304(5677):1623-1627
[13]Luo Z,Wang E,Sun O J.Soil carbon change and its responses to agricultural practices in Australian agroecosystems:A review and synthesis.Geoderma,2010,155(3):211-223
[14]Baker J M,Ochsner T E,Venterea R T,et al.Tillage and soil carbon sequestration-What do we really know?Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,118(1):1-5
[15]West T O,Post W M.Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(6):1930-1946
[16]Schmidt M W,Torn M S,Abiven S,et al.Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property.Nature,2011,478(7367):49-56
[17]Six J,Callewaert P,Lenders S,et al.Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(6):1981-1987
[18]Wu H,Guo Z,Peng C.Distribution and storage of soil organic carbon in China.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2003,17(2):1-10
[19]Six J,Conant R T,Paul E A,et al.Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter:Implications for C-saturation of soils.Plant&Soil,2002,241(2):155-176
[20]Knorr W,Prentice I C,House J I,et al.Long-term sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to warming.Nature,2005,433(7023):298-301
[21]Bo S,Raphaela V R,Abdulmounem M,et al.Visible and near infrared spectroscopy in soil science.Advances in Agronomy,2010,107:163-215
[22]Mueller T.Soil carbon maps:Enhancing spatial estimates with simple terrain attributes at multiple scales.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):258-267
[23]Smith P,Smith J U,Powlson D S,et al.A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments.Geoderma,1997,81(1/2):153-225
[24]Zimmerman A R,Gao B,Ahn M Y.Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(6):1169-1179