饲料油菜与牧草混合冬播效应研究
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摘要
为缓解冬季饲料作物缺乏的压力,改进冬季饲草的生产模式,提高饲草油菜的品质和种植效益,通过设置小区试验,将双低甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)分别与紫云英、黑麦草和光叶苕子等冬季牧草按比例混播,测定各处理的生物学产量、粗蛋白含量等指标,探寻油菜与牧草混播技术的可行性。结果表明,油菜与光叶苕子、紫云英、黑麦草的混播效应存在显著差异。(1)油菜与光叶苕子混播可以提高饲草的鲜样总产量,且在密度按1∶4(油菜按15 000株/hm2的播种量)混播时,各取样时期的饲料鲜、干样产量均较高,油菜终花期时该处理的粗蛋白产量显著高于其他处理。(2)与紫云英混播,也可提高饲料油菜的鲜样产量,但差异不显著,且紫云英因光照不足,油菜初花期时已全部死亡。(3)与黑麦草混播后,饲料鲜样产量、粗蛋白产量均显著下降。因此,油菜与光叶苕子混播是进一步提高长江流域冬季饲料作物生产效应的有效模式。
The purpose of this study was to cover the shortage of forage crop in winter and to increase the biomass yield and the quality of forage rapeseed by improving the planting pattern of winter forage crop.In this study,rapeseed was sown after mixing with milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus),ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and hairy vetch(Vicia villosa) in different mixed ratios.Plot experiments were conducted to measure the biomass,CP,C and N content of each treatment,exploring the feasibility of mixed cropping of forage rapeseed with other forage crops.The results showed that there were significant differences among the mixed cropping of forage rapeseed with milk vetch,ryegrass and hairy vetch.(1) Forage rapeseed mixed with hairy vetch in all different ratios increased the biomass.Mixed cropping at the ratio 1∶ 4 could obtain higher biomass and dry weight than the other ratios under different stages,and which also improved CP significantly at the final flowering stage.(2) Forage rapeseed mixed with milk vetch could increase the biomass of forage rapeseed with no significant difference.The milk vetch mixed with forage rapeseed died at the late stage due to the weak light.(3) Forage rapeseed mixed with ryegrass decreased the biomass and CP.Therefore,forage rapeseed mixed with hairy vetch was proven an effective system to improve the benefit of winter forage production in the Yangtze River Valley.
The purpose of this study was to cover the shortage of forage crop in winter and to increase the biomass yield and the quality of forage rapeseed by improving the planting pattern of winter forage crop.In this study,rapeseed was sown after mixing with milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus),ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and hairy vetch(Vicia villosa) in different mixed ratios.Plot experiments were conducted to measure the biomass,CP,C and N content of each treatment,exploring the feasibility of mixed cropping of forage rapeseed with other forage crops.The results showed that there were significant differences among the mixed cropping of forage rapeseed with milk vetch,ryegrass and hairy vetch.(1) Forage rapeseed mixed with hairy vetch in all different ratios increased the biomass.Mixed cropping at the ratio 1∶ 4 could obtain higher biomass and dry weight than the other ratios under different stages,and which also improved CP significantly at the final flowering stage.(2) Forage rapeseed mixed with milk vetch could increase the biomass of forage rapeseed with no significant difference.The milk vetch mixed with forage rapeseed died at the late stage due to the weak light.(3) Forage rapeseed mixed with ryegrass decreased the biomass and CP.Therefore,forage rapeseed mixed with hairy vetch was proven an effective system to improve the benefit of winter forage production in the Yangtze River Valley.
引文
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[10]蔡文杰,胡海建,张国斌,等.有机质提升:绿肥混播技术初探[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(20):47,66.
[11]易妍睿,吴润,方华,等.湖北省绿肥(紫云英-油菜)混播高效栽培技术[J].中国农技推广,2016,32(11):43-44.
[12]王建红,伍建平,陶云彬,等.油菜与紫云英混播对油菜产量和紫云英养分累积的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(3):359-360,363.
[13]魏云霞.紫云英与油菜、黑麦草混播种植和利用效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[14]ЛаскинПВ,ЛаскинаНН,明德南.摩尔曼斯克北极地区饲用十字花科植物一年生混播牧草的生产力[J].国外畜牧学(草原与牧草),1999,19(1):32-33.
[15]李锦华,陈功,向述荣,等.青海环湖地区多年生牧草与一年生作物混播效果比较研究[J].草原与草坪,2002,22(1):30-33,40.
[16] Collins A S,Chase C A,Stall W M,et al. Optimum densities of three leguminous cover crops for suppression of smooth pigweed(Amaranthus hybridus)[J]. Weed Sci,2008,56(5):753-761.
[17]陈其鲜,毛万湖,崔小茹,等.饲草油菜新品种饲油1号的特征特性及栽培要点[J].农业科技通讯,2007(8):56.
[18]吴社兰,周可金.油菜与紫云英混作系统的密度效应研究[J].作物杂志,2008(2):57-59.
[19]熊迎,翟国栋,马海青.稻田紫云英与油菜混播不同配比效应研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(23):5677-5679.
[20]周可金,邢君,博毓红,等.油菜与紫云英间混作系统的生理生态效应[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1477-1481.
[21]张兰.青储饲料的加工、调制与饲喂[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):76-76.
[22]姜华,毕玉芬,何承刚.不同时期刈割对黑麦草生产性能、蛋白质含量及光合效率的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2003,18(2):149-152.
[23]刘春增,吕玉虎,李本银,等.不同播期对紫云英“信紫1号”生长状况、产量及养分积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(1):127-133.
[24]范霞,段玉,段海燕,等.播种期、播种量和肥料用量对毛叶苕子产草量及籽实产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2012,40(6):60-61,69.
[25]陈震,还静,管永祥,等.长江下游农区不同豆科绿肥作物生育进程·形态及产量性状比较[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(30):149-151,154.
[2]杨祁峰,滕怀渊,牛菊兰,等.饲用双低油菜华协1号营养成分含量动态及营养价值研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(2):87-92.
[3] Hopkins D L,Beattie A S,Pirlot K L. Meat quality,carcass fatness,and growth of short scrotum lambs grazing either forage rape or irrigated perennial pasture[J]. Aust J Exp Agric,1995,35(4):453.
[4] Sun X Z,Henderson G,Cox F,et al. Lambs fed fresh winter forage rape(Brassica napus L.)emit less methane than those fed perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.),and possible mechanisms behind the difference[J]. PLo S One,2015,10(3):e0119697.
[5]甘兴华,李雯,刘水华,等. 7种饲料油菜的品比试验与分析[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2012(6):33-36.
[6]杨雪海,张巍,赵娜,等.油菜华油杂62不同生长期氨基酸组成及营养价值评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(2):197-203.
[7]马乐天,马小明,马吉峰,等.麦后复种饲用油菜试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2012(4):104-105.
[8]祁迎林,李晓明,杨惠青,等.柴达木盆地弃耕地紫花花苜蓿、油菜、碗豆混播植物群落生物量季节动态[J].青海草业,2001,10(1):4-6.
[9] Sturludóttir E,Brophy C,Bélanger G,et al. Benefits of mixing grasses and legumes for herbage yield and nutritive value in Northern Europe and Canada[J]. Grass Forage Sci,2014,69(2):229-240.
[10]蔡文杰,胡海建,张国斌,等.有机质提升:绿肥混播技术初探[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(20):47,66.
[11]易妍睿,吴润,方华,等.湖北省绿肥(紫云英-油菜)混播高效栽培技术[J].中国农技推广,2016,32(11):43-44.
[12]王建红,伍建平,陶云彬,等.油菜与紫云英混播对油菜产量和紫云英养分累积的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(3):359-360,363.
[13]魏云霞.紫云英与油菜、黑麦草混播种植和利用效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[14]ЛаскинПВ,ЛаскинаНН,明德南.摩尔曼斯克北极地区饲用十字花科植物一年生混播牧草的生产力[J].国外畜牧学(草原与牧草),1999,19(1):32-33.
[15]李锦华,陈功,向述荣,等.青海环湖地区多年生牧草与一年生作物混播效果比较研究[J].草原与草坪,2002,22(1):30-33,40.
[16] Collins A S,Chase C A,Stall W M,et al. Optimum densities of three leguminous cover crops for suppression of smooth pigweed(Amaranthus hybridus)[J]. Weed Sci,2008,56(5):753-761.
[17]陈其鲜,毛万湖,崔小茹,等.饲草油菜新品种饲油1号的特征特性及栽培要点[J].农业科技通讯,2007(8):56.
[18]吴社兰,周可金.油菜与紫云英混作系统的密度效应研究[J].作物杂志,2008(2):57-59.
[19]熊迎,翟国栋,马海青.稻田紫云英与油菜混播不同配比效应研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(23):5677-5679.
[20]周可金,邢君,博毓红,等.油菜与紫云英间混作系统的生理生态效应[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1477-1481.
[21]张兰.青储饲料的加工、调制与饲喂[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):76-76.
[22]姜华,毕玉芬,何承刚.不同时期刈割对黑麦草生产性能、蛋白质含量及光合效率的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2003,18(2):149-152.
[23]刘春增,吕玉虎,李本银,等.不同播期对紫云英“信紫1号”生长状况、产量及养分积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(1):127-133.
[24]范霞,段玉,段海燕,等.播种期、播种量和肥料用量对毛叶苕子产草量及籽实产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2012,40(6):60-61,69.
[25]陈震,还静,管永祥,等.长江下游农区不同豆科绿肥作物生育进程·形态及产量性状比较[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(30):149-151,154.