旅游环境承载力研究综述
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摘要
旅游环境承载力的研究对加强旅游目的地的管理、提升目的地相关主体的满意度、促进目的地可持续发展具有重要意义,旅游环境承载力问题的研究成为旅游管理领域的研究热点。文章从旅游环境承载力的概念、指标体系、计量模型、应用研究和管理工具等5个方面梳理了近年来国内外学者的研究,提出旅游环境承载力问题的研究方向和侧重点,指出:(1)针对旅游相关主体偏好的区间性特征、界定基于多主体需求的旅游环境承载力概念体系,从旅游环境承载力的供给指标与主体对旅游环境的需求要素角度构建指标体系;(2)提高旅游环境承载力计量模型的科学性与精确性,分析系统内部与系统之间的动态匹配机理、测度模型,模拟特定主体的行动轨迹与旅游环境承载力的波动轨迹;(3)结合时代特征,关注典型区域,并展开应用研究;(4)对旅游环境可持续承载进行优化,分析可持续承载"潜力"转化为可持续承载"实力"的系统性管理举措。
In recent years, with the rapid development of tourism and the changes in tourism demand around the world, the environmental problems created by that industry have attracted widespread attention. In China, the concept of tourism environment carrying capacity has become an important basis for formulating tourism destination planning and development policies for the tourism industry.Evaluating tourism environment carrying capacity is of great significance in the following areas:improving management in tourism destinations; enhancing satisfaction among visitors with respect to tourism destinations; and promoting the sustainable development of tourism destinations. Accordingly,studies about tourism environment carrying capacity have become an area of particular interest in the field of tourism management. In this paper, we review studies by Chinese and overseas scholars focused on tourism environment carrying capacity that have been published in recent years. We do so with respect to the following five areas: the concept of tourism environment carrying capacity itself; the related index system; measurement models; empirical research findings; and management tools. In this study, we were able to identify the achievements and shortcomings of previous research into tourism environment carrying capacity. We also made suggestions about possible future research directions regarding tourism environmental carrying capacity. Several conclusions emerged from the present study.(1) It is necessary to conduct a deep analysis of the concept and index system of tourism setnavkierohnolmdeernst, cwaerr ydienfign ecda ptahcei tcy.o nIcne pvti eowf toofu rtihsem ienntevrivroaln mcheanrt acctaerrriysitnicgs coafp apcriteyfe rbeansceeds oan mstoankge htooludriesrsmdemand characteristics concerning the tourism environment system. We constructed an index system for tourism environment carrying capacity by adopting the perspectives of both the supply and demand for the tourism environment system among stakeholders according to specific geographic backgrounds.(2) To enrich the econometric model analysis of tourism environment carrying capacity toward achieving harmonious development of the tourism environment system, it is essential to undertake the following: focus on cross-disciplinary research; improve the scientificity and accuracy of the econometric model; analyze the dynamic matching mechanism of the supply and demand system for the tourism environment; create a measurement model and optimization path between that system and related subsystems; and simulate the action track of specific actors(for example, tourists and residents)and the fluctuating track of tourism environment carrying capacity.(3) On the basis of dynamic simulation and optimization of changes in tourism environment carrying capacity, it is necessary to analyze the principles and laws of spatial symmetry and nonequilibrium or polarization. In specific regions, it is requisite to examine the influence of spatial and temporal order change on tourism environmental carrying capacity. An emphasis should be placed on empirical research into tourism environment carrying capacity in tourism destinations; such research should be time sensitive and cover a number of regions.(4) This paper investigates the management tools for tourism environment carrying capacity. It demonstrates how that capacity can be optimized to achieve sustainable development of the tourism environment system under different scenarios. This study analyzes the research framework for systematic management measures toward achieving sustainable carrying capacity.
In recent years, with the rapid development of tourism and the changes in tourism demand around the world, the environmental problems created by that industry have attracted widespread attention. In China, the concept of tourism environment carrying capacity has become an important basis for formulating tourism destination planning and development policies for the tourism industry.Evaluating tourism environment carrying capacity is of great significance in the following areas:improving management in tourism destinations; enhancing satisfaction among visitors with respect to tourism destinations; and promoting the sustainable development of tourism destinations. Accordingly,studies about tourism environment carrying capacity have become an area of particular interest in the field of tourism management. In this paper, we review studies by Chinese and overseas scholars focused on tourism environment carrying capacity that have been published in recent years. We do so with respect to the following five areas: the concept of tourism environment carrying capacity itself; the related index system; measurement models; empirical research findings; and management tools. In this study, we were able to identify the achievements and shortcomings of previous research into tourism environment carrying capacity. We also made suggestions about possible future research directions regarding tourism environmental carrying capacity. Several conclusions emerged from the present study.(1) It is necessary to conduct a deep analysis of the concept and index system of tourism setnavkierohnolmdeernst, cwaerr ydienfign ecda ptahcei tcy.o nIcne pvti eowf toofu rtihsem ienntevrivroaln mcheanrt acctaerrriysitnicgs coafp apcriteyfe rbeansceeds oan mstoankge htooludriesrsmdemand characteristics concerning the tourism environment system. We constructed an index system for tourism environment carrying capacity by adopting the perspectives of both the supply and demand for the tourism environment system among stakeholders according to specific geographic backgrounds.(2) To enrich the econometric model analysis of tourism environment carrying capacity toward achieving harmonious development of the tourism environment system, it is essential to undertake the following: focus on cross-disciplinary research; improve the scientificity and accuracy of the econometric model; analyze the dynamic matching mechanism of the supply and demand system for the tourism environment; create a measurement model and optimization path between that system and related subsystems; and simulate the action track of specific actors(for example, tourists and residents)and the fluctuating track of tourism environment carrying capacity.(3) On the basis of dynamic simulation and optimization of changes in tourism environment carrying capacity, it is necessary to analyze the principles and laws of spatial symmetry and nonequilibrium or polarization. In specific regions, it is requisite to examine the influence of spatial and temporal order change on tourism environmental carrying capacity. An emphasis should be placed on empirical research into tourism environment carrying capacity in tourism destinations; such research should be time sensitive and cover a number of regions.(4) This paper investigates the management tools for tourism environment carrying capacity. It demonstrates how that capacity can be optimized to achieve sustainable development of the tourism environment system under different scenarios. This study analyzes the research framework for systematic management measures toward achieving sustainable carrying capacity.
引文
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