河南省某高校校园表层土壤重金属污染状况与评价
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摘要
为了解和评价高校校园不同功能区和新老校区表层土壤重金属污染状况,在河南某校园多个校区采集了91个表层土壤样品,利用BCR(European Community Bureau of Reference)连续提取法提取校园表层土壤中重金属的化学形态,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对其污染状况做出评价.结果表明:校园不同功能区的表层土壤重金属Pb,Zn,Cd和Cu的平均含量分别为116.37、95.08、0.64和39.89mg·kg-1,均高于河南省土壤背景值,4种元素的残渣态均占有较大比例,其中Pb在土壤中除残渣态之外,酸可提取态、可还原态和可氧化态含量在土壤中都占有相当的比例,具有潜在的环境风险;生物有效性分析表明,Cd和Pb易被生物利用的量相对较大,潜在危害性较大,Zn和Cu不易被外界生物所利用;绿化区各重金属元素之间均不存在相关性,Zn-Cd在校门口、教学区和建筑区都呈显著正相关,Pb-Zn在生活区与教学区中呈显著正相关关系,Pb-Cd在实验区呈极显著正相关.内梅罗综合污染平均指数为0.54.高校校园表层土壤重金属含量处于安全级别.
In order to investigate and evaluate the heavy metal pollution of topsoil in different functional areas as well as old and new campus,91 topsoil samples were collected from several campuses of a university in Henan.The chemical forms of heavy metals in the surface soil were extracted by BCR(European Community Bureau of Reference)continuous extraction method.The pollution level of heavy metal was assessed by single pollution index and Nemerow index method.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Pb,Zn,Cd and Cu in the different functional areas of the surface soil were116.37,95.08,0.64 and 39.89 mg·kg-1.All of the heavy metals exceeded the soil background values of Henan province.The residual states of the four elements all occupied a large proportion.In addition to residue state,acid extractable state,reducible state and oxidizable state content of Pb in soil account for a considerable proportion in soil,with potential environmental risks.Bioavailability analysis showed that Cd and Pb were relatively easy to be utilized by organisms,indicating a serious potential risk.Zn and Cu were not easily used by outside organisms.There was no correlation among heavy metal elements in greening area.Zn-Cd had a significant positive correlation in the doorway,teaching area and building area.Pb-Zn had a significant positive correlation in living area and teaching area.Pb-Cd had a very significant positive correlation in the experimentation area.The Nemerow comprehensive index was 0.54.The content of heavy metals in the surface soil of university campus was at a safety level.
In order to investigate and evaluate the heavy metal pollution of topsoil in different functional areas as well as old and new campus,91 topsoil samples were collected from several campuses of a university in Henan.The chemical forms of heavy metals in the surface soil were extracted by BCR(European Community Bureau of Reference)continuous extraction method.The pollution level of heavy metal was assessed by single pollution index and Nemerow index method.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Pb,Zn,Cd and Cu in the different functional areas of the surface soil were116.37,95.08,0.64 and 39.89 mg·kg-1.All of the heavy metals exceeded the soil background values of Henan province.The residual states of the four elements all occupied a large proportion.In addition to residue state,acid extractable state,reducible state and oxidizable state content of Pb in soil account for a considerable proportion in soil,with potential environmental risks.Bioavailability analysis showed that Cd and Pb were relatively easy to be utilized by organisms,indicating a serious potential risk.Zn and Cu were not easily used by outside organisms.There was no correlation among heavy metal elements in greening area.Zn-Cd had a significant positive correlation in the doorway,teaching area and building area.Pb-Zn had a significant positive correlation in living area and teaching area.Pb-Cd had a very significant positive correlation in the experimentation area.The Nemerow comprehensive index was 0.54.The content of heavy metals in the surface soil of university campus was at a safety level.
引文
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[11]张鑫,张敏,任伊凡,等.某废弃厂房和建筑用地表层土壤中重金属的健康风险初探[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):54-60.
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[13]朱秀红,吴晓娜,茹广欣,等.济源某铅厂周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(3):459-463.
[14]李黎,陈文德.巴中市土壤重金属Cd、Pb的污染评价[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(4):91-95.
[15]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[16]刘春华,岑况.北京市街道灰尘的化学成分及其可能来源[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(7):1181-1188.
[17]卢瑛,龚子同,张甘霖.南京城市土壤中重金属的化学形态分布[J].环境化学,2003,22(2):131-136.
[18]颜钰,李盼盼,陶军,等.北京高校校园道路灰尘重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(1):58-81.
[19]王鹏.北京某公路两侧土壤重金属污染现状及风险评价研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2014.
[20]陈志凡,范礼东,陈云增,等.城乡交错区农田土壤重金属总量及形态空间分布特征与源分析——以河南省某市东郊城乡交错区为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1317-1327.
[21]陈俊,范文宏,孙如梦,等.新河污灌区土壤中重金属的形态分布和生物有效性研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):831-837.
[22]林淑芬,李辉信,胡锋.蚓粪对黑麦草吸收污染土壤重金属铜的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):911-918.
[23]薛喜成,陈菲.小峪河金矿区土壤、植被重金属污染研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):141-148.
[2]武家园,方凤满,林跃胜,等.淮南市校园灰尘重金属污染特征及生物有效性[J].环境化学,2016,35(7):1346-1353.
[3]张小磊,孔令惠,何宽,等.河南大学校园土壤中主要重金属状况及其评价[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2006,25(5):145-148.
[4]李敏.南京市城区幼儿园和小学校园铅污染特征及其风险分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[5]武家园.淮南市小学校园不同活动场所灰尘中重金属空间差异研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2017.
[6]史啸勇,郁建桥.微波消解一原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬[J].环境监测管理与技术,2003,15(1):32-33.
[7]江嵩鹤,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.安溪铁观音茶园土壤重金属赋存形态及生态风险评价[J].地球与环境,2016,44(3):359-369.
[8]Tokalioglu S,Kartal S,Gultekin A.Investigation of heavy-metal uptake by vegetables growing in contaminated soils using the modified BCR sequential extraction method[J].International Journal of Environment Analytical Chemistry,2006,86(6):417-430.
[9]Pueyo M,Mateo J,Rigol A,et al.Use of the modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the study of trace element dynamics in contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):330-341.
[10]王学锋,马鑫.新乡小冀工业区周边土壤重金属污染评价与形态分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(8):148-152.
[11]张鑫,张敏,任伊凡,等.某废弃厂房和建筑用地表层土壤中重金属的健康风险初探[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):54-60.
[12]国家环境保护局科技标准司.GB 15618—1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[13]朱秀红,吴晓娜,茹广欣,等.济源某铅厂周边农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(3):459-463.
[14]李黎,陈文德.巴中市土壤重金属Cd、Pb的污染评价[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(4):91-95.
[15]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[16]刘春华,岑况.北京市街道灰尘的化学成分及其可能来源[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(7):1181-1188.
[17]卢瑛,龚子同,张甘霖.南京城市土壤中重金属的化学形态分布[J].环境化学,2003,22(2):131-136.
[18]颜钰,李盼盼,陶军,等.北京高校校园道路灰尘重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(1):58-81.
[19]王鹏.北京某公路两侧土壤重金属污染现状及风险评价研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2014.
[20]陈志凡,范礼东,陈云增,等.城乡交错区农田土壤重金属总量及形态空间分布特征与源分析——以河南省某市东郊城乡交错区为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1317-1327.
[21]陈俊,范文宏,孙如梦,等.新河污灌区土壤中重金属的形态分布和生物有效性研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):831-837.
[22]林淑芬,李辉信,胡锋.蚓粪对黑麦草吸收污染土壤重金属铜的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):911-918.
[23]薛喜成,陈菲.小峪河金矿区土壤、植被重金属污染研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):141-148.