北方地区玉米骨干自交系灌浆特性研究
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摘要
【目的】研究北方地区玉米主产区骨干自交系籽粒干物质积累的过程(即籽粒灌浆过程),为优良自交系的选育提供依据。【方法】选用北方地区10个玉米骨干自交系(中早熟自交系A187,中熟自交系郑58、PH4CV、J9D207、KWCB1、KWMM31、HM12111,中晚熟自交系PH6WC,晚熟自交系昌7-2、M5972),研究骨干自交系百粒质量及灌浆速率的差异;应用Logistic模型对骨干自交系的籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,比较不同自交系的灌浆参数;然后采用通径分析,研究百粒质量与灌浆活跃期和灌浆速率的关系。【结果】玉米自交系干物质积累随着授粉后时间推移而增加,呈"慢-快-慢"趋势。郑58的百粒质量在授粉后65d最大、其次为HM12111、A187。10个骨干自交系灌浆速率差异显著,授粉后20～35d的灌浆速率均值明显高于其他时间。Logistic模型较好地拟合了籽粒灌浆过程,确定了各骨干自交系的灌浆渐增期、快增期和缓增期。玉米骨干自交系百粒质量受灌浆速率和灌浆时间的影响,其中灌浆速率起决定作用。各骨干自交系百粒质量主要在灌浆快增期增加。灌浆活跃期及不同时期灌浆速率均对百粒质量有正向效应,其中灌浆快增期平均速率对百粒质量的正向效应最大。【结论】10个骨干自交系的平均灌浆速率以郑58、HM12111和A187较大,可在杂交种组配时充分合理地加以利用;通过提高灌浆快增期和渐增期平均速率,确保灌浆活跃期,相对延长快增期持续时间,可达到提高产量的目的。
【Objective】This research studied the process of grain dry matter accumulation(i.e.the grain filling process)in the backbone inbred lines in the main corn producing areas in the northern region of China to provide basis for the breeding of excellent inbred lines.【Method】Ten maize inbred lines(earlymaturing inbred line A187,middle-maturing inbred lines Zheng 58,PH4 CV,J9 D207,KWCB1,KWMM31 and HM12111,late-maturing inbred line PH6 WC,and late-maturing inbred lines Chang 7-2 and M5972)from northern China were selected to study the differences in 100-seed quality and filling rates.Logistic model was used to fit the grain filling process of the backbone inbred lines,and different filling parameters were compared.The path analysis was also used to study the relationship between the quality of 100 grains and the active period of grouting and the filling rate.【Result】Dry matter accumulation of maize inbred lines increased with time after pollination,showing a trend of"slow-fast-slow".The differences in filling rates of the 10 backbone inbred lines were significant,and the filling rate 20 to 35 days after pollination was significantly higher than other times.Zheng 58 had the highest quality of 100 seeds 65 days after pollination,followed by HM12111 and A187.Logistic model well fit the grain filling process,and the grain filling early stage,middle stage and late stage were determined in all the inbred lines.The 100 grain mass of maize backbone inbred lines was affected by grain filling rate and grain filling time,and grain filling rate played a decisive role.The quality of 100 grains of each backbone inbred line mainly increased during the period of fast grain filling.The active period of grain filling and filling rate in different periods all had a positive effect on the quality of 100 grains,of which the mean grain-filling rate of middle stage had the greatest effect on the quality of 100 grains.【Conclusion】The filling rate of 10 backbone inbred lines was larger than that of Zheng 58,HM12111 and A187,and could be fully and reasonably utilized when the hybrids were assembled.By increasing the mean grain-filling rate of middle stage and early stage ensuring the active period of grain filling and relatively prolonging the duration of middle stage can achieve the purpose of increasing production.
【Objective】This research studied the process of grain dry matter accumulation(i.e.the grain filling process)in the backbone inbred lines in the main corn producing areas in the northern region of China to provide basis for the breeding of excellent inbred lines.【Method】Ten maize inbred lines(earlymaturing inbred line A187,middle-maturing inbred lines Zheng 58,PH4 CV,J9 D207,KWCB1,KWMM31 and HM12111,late-maturing inbred line PH6 WC,and late-maturing inbred lines Chang 7-2 and M5972)from northern China were selected to study the differences in 100-seed quality and filling rates.Logistic model was used to fit the grain filling process of the backbone inbred lines,and different filling parameters were compared.The path analysis was also used to study the relationship between the quality of 100 grains and the active period of grouting and the filling rate.【Result】Dry matter accumulation of maize inbred lines increased with time after pollination,showing a trend of"slow-fast-slow".The differences in filling rates of the 10 backbone inbred lines were significant,and the filling rate 20 to 35 days after pollination was significantly higher than other times.Zheng 58 had the highest quality of 100 seeds 65 days after pollination,followed by HM12111 and A187.Logistic model well fit the grain filling process,and the grain filling early stage,middle stage and late stage were determined in all the inbred lines.The 100 grain mass of maize backbone inbred lines was affected by grain filling rate and grain filling time,and grain filling rate played a decisive role.The quality of 100 grains of each backbone inbred line mainly increased during the period of fast grain filling.The active period of grain filling and filling rate in different periods all had a positive effect on the quality of 100 grains,of which the mean grain-filling rate of middle stage had the greatest effect on the quality of 100 grains.【Conclusion】The filling rate of 10 backbone inbred lines was larger than that of Zheng 58,HM12111 and A187,and could be fully and reasonably utilized when the hybrids were assembled.By increasing the mean grain-filling rate of middle stage and early stage ensuring the active period of grain filling and relatively prolonging the duration of middle stage can achieve the purpose of increasing production.
引文
[1]秦泰辰,李增禄.玉米籽粒发育性状的遗传与产量性状关系的研究[J].作物学报,1991,17(3):185-191.Qin T C,Li Z L.Inheritance of kernel development traits in maize and its relationship with yield traits[J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,1991,17(3):185-191.
[2]Maddonni G A,Otegui M E,Bonhomme R.Grain yield components in maize[J].Field Crops Res,1998,56:247-256.
[3]Paponov I A,Sambo P,Erley G S A,et al.Grain yield and kernel weight of two maize genotypes differing in nitrogenuse efficiency at various levels of nitrogen and carbohydrate availability during flowering and grain filling[J].Plant&Soil,2005,272(1/2):111-123.
[4]Zhang Z H,Liu Z H,Cui Z T,et al.Genetic analysis of grain filling rate using conditional QTL mapping in maize[J].PLoSOne,2013,8(2):e56344.
[5]Cross H Z.Diallel analysis of duration and rate of grain filling of seven inbred lines of corn[J].Crop Science,1975,15(4):532-535.
[6]李从锋,赵明,刘鹏,等.中国不同年代玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状演变对密度的响应[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2421-2429.Li C F,Zhao M,Liu P,et al.Responses of main traits of maize hybrids and their parents to density in different eras of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(12):2421-2429.
[7]Borrás L,Otegui M E.Maize kernel weight response to postflower-ring source-sink ratio[J].Crop Science,2001,49:1816-1822.
[8]金益,王振华,张永林,等.玉米灌浆后期百粒重变化的品种间差异分析[J].东北农业大学学报,1998,29(1):7-10.Jin Y,Wang Z H,Zhang Y L,et al.Variety analysis of 100grains varied in maize at late filling stage[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,1998,29(1):7-10.
[9]王巍.玉米自交系籽粒灌浆和脱水速率的配合力分析评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(8):1-5.Wang W.Analysis on combining ability of grain filling and dehyration rate of maize inbred lines[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(8):1-5.
[10]张海艳,董树亭,高荣岐.不同类型玉米籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):67-70.Zhang H Y,Dong S T,Gao R Q.Analysis on kernel filling characteristics for different maize types[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(3):67-70.
[11]Ottaviano E,Camussi A.Phenotypic and genetic relationships between yield components in maize[J].Euphytica,1981,30(3):601-609.
[12]任义忠,王满富,李洪,等.玉米灌浆特性的遗传研究[J].玉米科学,1993,1(4):4-7.Ren Y Z,Wang M F,Li H,et al.Genetic studies on grouting characteristics of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,1993,1(4):4-7.
[13]章履孝,颜伟.玉米粒重、灌浆持续期、灌浆速率的遗传特性及其关系研究[J].江苏农业学报,1997,139(4):211-214.Zhang L X,Yan W.Genetic characteristics of grain weight,duration of filling,filling rate and their relationship[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1997,139(4):211-214.
[14]蔡润深.玉米籽粒水分动态[J].园艺与种苗,1995(3):53-54.Cai R S.Maize grain moisture dynamics[J].Horticulture&Seed,1995(3):53-54.
[15]李绍长,白萍,吕新,等.不同生态区及播期对玉米籽粒灌浆的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):775-778.Li S C,Bai P,LüX,et al.Ecological and sowing date effects on maize grain filling[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(5):775-778.
[16]李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,等.不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(9):1631-1641.Li J,Zhang H C,Gong J L,et al.Influence of planting methods on grain-filling properties of super rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(9):1631-1641.
[17]李旭毅,池忠志,姜心禄,等.成都平原两熟区籼粳稻品种籽粒灌浆特性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3256-3264.Li X Y,Chi Z Z,Jiang X L,et al.Analysis on grain filling characteristics of indica and japonica rice in rapeseed(wheat)-rice planting area in Chengdu basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(16):3256-3264.
[18]Ray S,Choudhuri M A.Effects of plant growth regulators on grain-filling and yield of rice[J].Annals of Botany,1981,47(6):755-758.
[19]Yang J C,Zhang J H.Grain-filling problem in‘super’rice.[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(1):1.
[20]Morita S L.Grain growth and endosperm cell size under high night temperatures in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Annals of Botany,2005,95(4):695.
[21]顾自奋,封超年,周美学,等.大麦籽粒增重过程的研究[J].作物学报,1983(3):181-188.Gu Z F,Feng C N,Zhou M X,et al.Study on the process of weight gain of barley[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1983(3):181-188.
[22]马冲,邹仁峰.不同熟期玉米籽粒灌浆特性的研究[J].作物研究,2000(4):17-19.Ma C,Zou R F.Studies on grain filling characterist ics of hybridcorn with different growth durations[J].Crop Research,2000(4):17-19.
[23]刘克礼,张美莉.春玉米籽粒干物质积累的数量分析[J].华北农学报,1994,9(4):17-22.Liu K L,Zhang M L.Quantitative analysis of dry matter accumulation in spring corn[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,1994,9(4):17-22.
[24]柯福来,马兴林,黄瑞冬,等.种植密度对先玉335群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(2):58-62.Ke F L,Ma X L,Huang R D,et al.Effects of planting densities on population grain filling characteristics of maize hybrid Xianyu 335[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(2):58-62.
[25]明道绪.通径分析的原理与方法[J].农业科学导报,1986(4):40-45.Ming D X.Principles and methods of path analysis[J].Herald of Agricultural Sciences,1986(4):40-45.
[26]黄智鸿,王思远,申林,等.超高产玉米籽粒的灌浆特性[J].西北农业学报,2007(4):14-18.Huang Z H,Wang S Y,Shen L,et al.Study on characteristics of grain filling of super high-yield maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2007(4):14-18.
[27]吴春胜.超高产玉米灌浆速率与干物质积累特性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008(4):382-385,400.Wu C S.Studies on characteristics of grain filling and dry matter accumulation of super high-yield maize[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008(4):382-385,400.
[28]王晓慧,张磊,刘双利,等.不同熟期春玉米品种的籽粒灌浆特性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3557-3565.Wang X H,Zhang L,Liu S L,et al.Grain filling characteristics of maize hybrids differing in maturities[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(18):3557-3565.
[29]Daynard T B,Tanner J W,Duncan W G.Duration of the grain filling period and its relation to grain yield in corn,Zea mays L.[J].Crop Science,1971,11(1):45-48.
[2]Maddonni G A,Otegui M E,Bonhomme R.Grain yield components in maize[J].Field Crops Res,1998,56:247-256.
[3]Paponov I A,Sambo P,Erley G S A,et al.Grain yield and kernel weight of two maize genotypes differing in nitrogenuse efficiency at various levels of nitrogen and carbohydrate availability during flowering and grain filling[J].Plant&Soil,2005,272(1/2):111-123.
[4]Zhang Z H,Liu Z H,Cui Z T,et al.Genetic analysis of grain filling rate using conditional QTL mapping in maize[J].PLoSOne,2013,8(2):e56344.
[5]Cross H Z.Diallel analysis of duration and rate of grain filling of seven inbred lines of corn[J].Crop Science,1975,15(4):532-535.
[6]李从锋,赵明,刘鹏,等.中国不同年代玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状演变对密度的响应[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2421-2429.Li C F,Zhao M,Liu P,et al.Responses of main traits of maize hybrids and their parents to density in different eras of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(12):2421-2429.
[7]Borrás L,Otegui M E.Maize kernel weight response to postflower-ring source-sink ratio[J].Crop Science,2001,49:1816-1822.
[8]金益,王振华,张永林,等.玉米灌浆后期百粒重变化的品种间差异分析[J].东北农业大学学报,1998,29(1):7-10.Jin Y,Wang Z H,Zhang Y L,et al.Variety analysis of 100grains varied in maize at late filling stage[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,1998,29(1):7-10.
[9]王巍.玉米自交系籽粒灌浆和脱水速率的配合力分析评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(8):1-5.Wang W.Analysis on combining ability of grain filling and dehyration rate of maize inbred lines[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014(8):1-5.
[10]张海艳,董树亭,高荣岐.不同类型玉米籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):67-70.Zhang H Y,Dong S T,Gao R Q.Analysis on kernel filling characteristics for different maize types[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(3):67-70.
[11]Ottaviano E,Camussi A.Phenotypic and genetic relationships between yield components in maize[J].Euphytica,1981,30(3):601-609.
[12]任义忠,王满富,李洪,等.玉米灌浆特性的遗传研究[J].玉米科学,1993,1(4):4-7.Ren Y Z,Wang M F,Li H,et al.Genetic studies on grouting characteristics of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,1993,1(4):4-7.
[13]章履孝,颜伟.玉米粒重、灌浆持续期、灌浆速率的遗传特性及其关系研究[J].江苏农业学报,1997,139(4):211-214.Zhang L X,Yan W.Genetic characteristics of grain weight,duration of filling,filling rate and their relationship[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1997,139(4):211-214.
[14]蔡润深.玉米籽粒水分动态[J].园艺与种苗,1995(3):53-54.Cai R S.Maize grain moisture dynamics[J].Horticulture&Seed,1995(3):53-54.
[15]李绍长,白萍,吕新,等.不同生态区及播期对玉米籽粒灌浆的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):775-778.Li S C,Bai P,LüX,et al.Ecological and sowing date effects on maize grain filling[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(5):775-778.
[16]李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,等.不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(9):1631-1641.Li J,Zhang H C,Gong J L,et al.Influence of planting methods on grain-filling properties of super rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(9):1631-1641.
[17]李旭毅,池忠志,姜心禄,等.成都平原两熟区籼粳稻品种籽粒灌浆特性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3256-3264.Li X Y,Chi Z Z,Jiang X L,et al.Analysis on grain filling characteristics of indica and japonica rice in rapeseed(wheat)-rice planting area in Chengdu basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(16):3256-3264.
[18]Ray S,Choudhuri M A.Effects of plant growth regulators on grain-filling and yield of rice[J].Annals of Botany,1981,47(6):755-758.
[19]Yang J C,Zhang J H.Grain-filling problem in‘super’rice.[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61(1):1.
[20]Morita S L.Grain growth and endosperm cell size under high night temperatures in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Annals of Botany,2005,95(4):695.
[21]顾自奋,封超年,周美学,等.大麦籽粒增重过程的研究[J].作物学报,1983(3):181-188.Gu Z F,Feng C N,Zhou M X,et al.Study on the process of weight gain of barley[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1983(3):181-188.
[22]马冲,邹仁峰.不同熟期玉米籽粒灌浆特性的研究[J].作物研究,2000(4):17-19.Ma C,Zou R F.Studies on grain filling characterist ics of hybridcorn with different growth durations[J].Crop Research,2000(4):17-19.
[23]刘克礼,张美莉.春玉米籽粒干物质积累的数量分析[J].华北农学报,1994,9(4):17-22.Liu K L,Zhang M L.Quantitative analysis of dry matter accumulation in spring corn[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,1994,9(4):17-22.
[24]柯福来,马兴林,黄瑞冬,等.种植密度对先玉335群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(2):58-62.Ke F L,Ma X L,Huang R D,et al.Effects of planting densities on population grain filling characteristics of maize hybrid Xianyu 335[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(2):58-62.
[25]明道绪.通径分析的原理与方法[J].农业科学导报,1986(4):40-45.Ming D X.Principles and methods of path analysis[J].Herald of Agricultural Sciences,1986(4):40-45.
[26]黄智鸿,王思远,申林,等.超高产玉米籽粒的灌浆特性[J].西北农业学报,2007(4):14-18.Huang Z H,Wang S Y,Shen L,et al.Study on characteristics of grain filling of super high-yield maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2007(4):14-18.
[27]吴春胜.超高产玉米灌浆速率与干物质积累特性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008(4):382-385,400.Wu C S.Studies on characteristics of grain filling and dry matter accumulation of super high-yield maize[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008(4):382-385,400.
[28]王晓慧,张磊,刘双利,等.不同熟期春玉米品种的籽粒灌浆特性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3557-3565.Wang X H,Zhang L,Liu S L,et al.Grain filling characteristics of maize hybrids differing in maturities[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(18):3557-3565.
[29]Daynard T B,Tanner J W,Duncan W G.Duration of the grain filling period and its relation to grain yield in corn,Zea mays L.[J].Crop Science,1971,11(1):45-48.