脱硫石膏与结构改良剂配合施用对龟裂碱土理化性状和水稻生长的影响
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摘要
[目的]筛选出最适宜宁夏回族自治区银北灌区盐碱地水稻生长的土壤结构改良剂施用量,为中国同类型地区盐碱地的改良应用提供科学依据。[方法]设置田间定位试验,研究银北灌区龟裂碱土在施用不同剂量土壤结构改良剂(0,150,270,375kg/hm~2)与统一施用定量脱硫石膏(22.5t/hm~2)对土壤基本理化性质及水稻生长的影响。[结果]在施用不同剂量结构改良剂后,0—20cm土层的土层容重、全盐量和pH值呈降低趋势,总孔隙度和水稳性团聚体则呈增加趋势。在0—20cm土层,各处理改良效果均较显著,当深度大于40cm时,所有处理的改良效果不明显。施加改良剂增加了水稻的成活率、株高和产量,且各处理间均差异显著(p<0.05)。[结论]脱硫石膏与结构改良剂配合施用能显著改善龟裂碱土理化性状,促进水稻成长。综合考虑经济因素,脱硫石膏(22.5t/hm~2)+土壤结构改良剂(270kg/hm~2)的施用量效果最佳。
[Objective]To selecte the optimal application amount of soil structure amendment for the growth of rice in saline alkali land in the Yinbei irrigated area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,in order to provide scientific basis for the improvement and application of saline alkali land of the same type in China.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Yinbei irrigation region in 2016.Different application rate of soil structure amendment(0,150,270 and 375 kg/hm~2)with uniform desulfurized gypsum application rate(22.5 t/hm~2)were used in the experiment.[Results]With the application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendments,the pH value,total salt content and bulk density at 0—20 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend,while the total soil porosity and water-stable aggregate content showed an increasing trend.The improvement effect was better at 0—20 cm layer,but the effect was not obvious below the depth of 40 cm.Application of the amendment increased the survival rate,plant height and yield of rice,and there were significant differences between treatments(p<0.05).[Conclusion]The application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendment can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the takyr solonetzsoil and promote the growth of rice.Considering the economic factors,the optimal soil structure amendment rate was 270 kg/hm~2 and the optimal desulfurized gypsum application amount was 22.5 t/hm~2.
[Objective]To selecte the optimal application amount of soil structure amendment for the growth of rice in saline alkali land in the Yinbei irrigated area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,in order to provide scientific basis for the improvement and application of saline alkali land of the same type in China.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Yinbei irrigation region in 2016.Different application rate of soil structure amendment(0,150,270 and 375 kg/hm~2)with uniform desulfurized gypsum application rate(22.5 t/hm~2)were used in the experiment.[Results]With the application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendments,the pH value,total salt content and bulk density at 0—20 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend,while the total soil porosity and water-stable aggregate content showed an increasing trend.The improvement effect was better at 0—20 cm layer,but the effect was not obvious below the depth of 40 cm.Application of the amendment increased the survival rate,plant height and yield of rice,and there were significant differences between treatments(p<0.05).[Conclusion]The application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendment can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the takyr solonetzsoil and promote the growth of rice.Considering the economic factors,the optimal soil structure amendment rate was 270 kg/hm~2 and the optimal desulfurized gypsum application amount was 22.5 t/hm~2.
引文
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[23]王金满,杨培岭,石懿,等.脱硫副产物对改良碱化土壤的理化性质与作物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):34-37.
[24]张峰举,许兴,肖国举.脱硫石膏对碱化土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):108-114.
[25]王金满,白中科,叶驰驱,等.脱硫石膏与微生物菌剂联合施用对盐碱化土壤特性的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(6):1080-1087.
[26]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(8):1621-1629.
[27]李志洪,李翠兰,王淑华,等.有机、无机复合肥及调节剂对玉米根系生长和根际效应的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(2):165-169.
[28]王金满,杨培岭,任树梅,等.烟气脱硫副产物改良碱性土壤过程中化学指标变化规律的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(1):98-105.
[29]张俊华,孙兆军,贾科利,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物及专用改良剂改良龟裂碱土的效果[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):208-212.
[30]段雪娇.微生物菌剂对水稻土土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[2]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[3]张翼夫,李问盈,胡红,等.盐碱地改良研究现状及展望[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(18):7-10.
[4]杨建国,黄冠华,叶德智,等.宁夏引黄灌区春小麦微咸水灌溉管理的模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):49-56.
[5]安东,李新平,张永宏,等.不同土壤改良剂对碱积盐成土改良效果研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):115-118.
[6]Wang S J,Chen C H,Xu X C,et al.Amelioration of alkali soil using flue gas desulfurization byproducts:Productivity and environmental quality[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,151(1):200.
[7]Clark R B,Ritchey K D,Baligar V C.Benefits and constraints for use of FGD products on agricultural land[J].Fuel,2001,80(6):821-828.
[8]Chun S,Nishiyama M,Matsumoto S.Sodic soils reclaimed with by-product from flue gas desulfurization:Corn production and soil quality[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,114(3):453-459.
[9]Sakai Y,Matsumoto S,Sadakata M.Alkali soil reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in China and assessment of metal content in corn grains[J].Journal of Soil Contamination,2010,13(1):65-80.
[10]王金满,杨培岭,张建国,等.脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤过程中的向日葵苗期盐响应研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):33-37.
[11]王彬,肖国举,杨涓,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物施用对碱化土壤种植甜高粱的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):206-211.
[12]王文杰,贺海升,祖元刚,等.施加改良剂对重度盐碱地盐碱动态及杨树生长的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2835-2844.
[13]肖国举,罗成科,张峰举,等.脱硫石膏施用时期和深度对改良碱化土壤效果的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(6):197-203.
[14]王遵亲,祝寿泉,俞仁培,等.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[15]杨军,孙兆军,刘吉利,等.脱硫石膏糠醛渣对新垦龟裂碱土的改良洗盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):128-135.
[16]王静,孙兆军,张浩,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物改良土壤种植沙枣效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(28):98-102.
[17]李亮,龚平.生化黄腐酸型融雪剂对草莓的生理指标的影响[J].食品科技,2016,41(1):16-22.
[18]逄焕成,李玉义,严慧峻,等.微生物菌剂对盐碱土理化和生物性状影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(5):951-955.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[20]赵锦慧,李杨,乌力更,等.石膏改良碱化土壤的效果(Ⅱ):石膏与土上部20cm混匀的土柱系列[J].长江大学学报:农学卷,2006,3(1):119-122.
[21]陈欢,王淑娟,陈昌和,等.烟气脱硫废弃物在碱化土壤改良中的应用及效果[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(4):38-42.
[22]李焕珍,徐玉佩,杨伟奇,等.脱硫石膏改良强度苏打盐渍土效果的研究[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(1):25-29.
[23]王金满,杨培岭,石懿,等.脱硫副产物对改良碱化土壤的理化性质与作物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):34-37.
[24]张峰举,许兴,肖国举.脱硫石膏对碱化土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):108-114.
[25]王金满,白中科,叶驰驱,等.脱硫石膏与微生物菌剂联合施用对盐碱化土壤特性的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(6):1080-1087.
[26]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(8):1621-1629.
[27]李志洪,李翠兰,王淑华,等.有机、无机复合肥及调节剂对玉米根系生长和根际效应的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(2):165-169.
[28]王金满,杨培岭,任树梅,等.烟气脱硫副产物改良碱性土壤过程中化学指标变化规律的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(1):98-105.
[29]张俊华,孙兆军,贾科利,等.燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物及专用改良剂改良龟裂碱土的效果[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):208-212.
[30]段雪娇.微生物菌剂对水稻土土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.