海水和淡化水养殖凡纳滨对虾饲料蛋白需求量的比较研究
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摘要
本研究从生长、饲料利用和体成分等指标综合评价饲料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的影响。研究发现,在海水养殖环境下,饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白效率和虾体粗蛋白含量均有显著性影响(p<0.05)。摄食饲料蛋白含量38%的海养凡纳滨对虾有较高的存活率、增重率以及最高的特定生长率。饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加而减小,虾体粗蛋白含量随饲料蛋白水平升高而增加,而蛋白含量38%和41%实验组饵料系数和虾体粗蛋白含量均没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。淡化水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率随饲料蛋白水平的增加而提高,而增重率和特定生长率均在饲料蛋白含量35%实验组最高,饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加先减小后增大,蛋白含量35%实验组饵料系数显著小于其他实验组。海水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率、末体重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均高于淡水养殖的对虾。对虾虾体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均随盐度升高而升高,而虾体水分随着盐度的升高而降低。
In this study, the effect of feed protein content on Litopenaeus vannamei was comprehensively evaluated from growth, feed utilization and body composition. Results of the study are presented as follows: In marine aquaculture environment, dietary protein levels had significant effects on the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency and crude protein content of Litopenaeus vannamei(p<0.05);Litopenaeus vannamei fed on the sea with the feed of 38% protein content had higher survival rate, weight gain rate,and the highest specific growth rate; Feed conversion ratio(FCR) decreased with the increase of protein; Crude protein content of shrimp increased with the increase of feed protein level, while the FCR and crude protein of shrimp in the experimental groups with 38% and 41% protein content were not significantly different(p>0.05). In freshwater aquaculture environment, the survival rate of L. vannamei increased with the increase of dietary protein level, while the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were the highest in the experimental group with 35%dietary protein content. The FCR decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of protein content. FCR in the experimental group with 35% protein content was significantly lower than that in the other experimental groups. In marine aquaculture environment, the survival rate, the last body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of L. vannamei were higher than those of freshwater cultured shrimp. Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content in shrimp increased with the increase of salinity, while moisture content in shrimp decreased with the increase of salinity.
In this study, the effect of feed protein content on Litopenaeus vannamei was comprehensively evaluated from growth, feed utilization and body composition. Results of the study are presented as follows: In marine aquaculture environment, dietary protein levels had significant effects on the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency and crude protein content of Litopenaeus vannamei(p<0.05);Litopenaeus vannamei fed on the sea with the feed of 38% protein content had higher survival rate, weight gain rate,and the highest specific growth rate; Feed conversion ratio(FCR) decreased with the increase of protein; Crude protein content of shrimp increased with the increase of feed protein level, while the FCR and crude protein of shrimp in the experimental groups with 38% and 41% protein content were not significantly different(p>0.05). In freshwater aquaculture environment, the survival rate of L. vannamei increased with the increase of dietary protein level, while the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were the highest in the experimental group with 35%dietary protein content. The FCR decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of protein content. FCR in the experimental group with 35% protein content was significantly lower than that in the other experimental groups. In marine aquaculture environment, the survival rate, the last body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of L. vannamei were higher than those of freshwater cultured shrimp. Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content in shrimp increased with the increase of salinity, while moisture content in shrimp decreased with the increase of salinity.
引文
Burfford M.A.,Smith D.M.,Tabrett S.J.,Coman F.E.,Thompson P.J.,Barclay M.C.,and Toscas P.J.,2004,The effect of dietary protein on the growth and survival of the shrimp,Penaeus monodon in outdoors tanks,Aquaculture Nutrition,l0(1):l5-23
Chen Y.F.,Lin H.Z.,Niu J.,Yang K.,Huang Z.,Chen X.,and Du Q.,2011,Dietary protein requirements for three sizes of pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Sciences),(13):18-121(陈义方,林黑着,牛津,杨铿,黄忠,陈旭,杜强,2011,不同规格南美白对虾对蛋白质需要量的研究,广东农业科学,(13):118-121)
Cheng K.M.,Hu C.Q.,Liu Y.N.,Zeng S.X.,and Qi X.J.,2006,Effects of dietary calcium,phosphorus and ca1cum/phpsphorus ratio on the growth and tissue mineralization of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity water,Aquaculture,251(2-4):472-483
Dai X.L.,Zhang L.T.,Zang W.L.,Deng P.P.,Zou W.L.,and Ding F.J.,2012,Effect of Ca2+,Mg2+and salinity on survival,growth and shrimp taste of Litopenaeus vannamei,Shuichan Xuebao(Journal of Fisheries of China),36(6):914-921(戴习林,张立田,臧维玲,邓平平,邹卫丽,丁福江,2012,Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾存活、生长及风味的影响,水产学报,36(6):914-921)
Dall W.,and Smith D.M.,1986,Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion in fed and starved tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus Haswell,Aquacukure,55(1):23-33
Huang K.,Wang W.,and Kong L.F.,2004,Requirements of Penaeus vannamei in low salinity water for dietary phosphorus and calcium,Zhongguo Haiyang Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Ocean University of China(Science Edition)),34(2):209-216(黄凯,王武,孔丽芳,黄华慧,2004,低盐度水体南美白对虾对饲料中钙、磷的需求,中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):209-216)
Huang K.,Wang W.,and Lu J.,2003,Protein requirements in compounded diets for Penaeus vannamei juveniles,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),10(4):318-324(黄凯,王武,卢洁,2003,南美白对虾幼虾饲料蛋白质的需要量,中国水产科学,10(4):318-324)
Huang K.,Wang W.,Lu J.,Dai X.W.,and Zhou J.N.,2004,Salinity effects on growth and biochemical composition of Penaeus vannamei,Haiyang Kexue(Marine Sciences),28(9):20-25(黄凯,王武,卢洁,代小伟,周家能,2004,盐度对南美白对虾的生长及生化成分的影响,海洋科学,28(9):20-25)
Laramore S.,Laramore C.R.,and Scarpa J.,2001,Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of postlarvae and juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei,Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,32(4):385-392
McGraw W.J.,Davis D.A.,Teichert-Coddingtort D.,and Rouse D.B.,2002,Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinky:influence of age,salinity,endpoint and rate of salinity reduction,J.World Aquac.Soc.,33:78-84
Perez-Velazquez M.,González-Félix M.L.,Jaimes-Bustamente F.,Martínez-Córdova L.R.,Trujillo-Villalba D.A.,and Davis D.A.,2007,Investigation of the effects of salinity and dietary protein level on growth and survival of pacific white shrimp,J.World Aquac.Soc.,38(4):475-485
Robertson L.,Lawrence A.L.,and Castile F.,1993,Interaction of salinity and feed protein level on of Penaeus vannamei,J.App.Aqu.,2(1):43-54
Rosas C.,Cuzon G.,Taboada G.,Pascual C.,Gaxiok G.,and Wormhoudt V.A.,2001,Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth,oxygen consumption,haemolymph and digestive gland carbohydrates,nitrogen excretion and osmotic pressure of Litopenaeus vannamei(Boone)and L.setiferus(Linne)juveniles(Crustacea,Decapoda;Penaeidae),Aquae.Res.,32(7):531-547
Rosas C.,Ocampo L.,Gaxiola G.,Sa'nchez A.,and Soto L.A.,1999,Effect of salinity on survival,growth and oxygen consumption of postlarvae ZPLl0-PL21 of Penaeus setiferus,J.Crustacean Bio.L.,19:67-75
Rosasa C.,Martinez E.,Gaxiola G.,Brito R.,Sáncheza A.,and Sotod L.A.,1999,The effect of dissolved oxygen and salinity on oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and osmotic pressure of Penaeus setiferus(Linnaeus)juveniles,Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,234(1):41-57
Samantaray K.,and Mohanty S.S.,1997,Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on fingerling snakehead,Channa striata,Aquaculture,156(3-4):241-249
Saoud I.P.,Davis D.A.,and Rouse D.B.,2003,Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture,Aquaculture,217(1-4):373-383
Shiau S.Y.,1998,Nutrient requirements of penaeid shrimps,Aquaculture,164(1-4):77-93
Smith L.L.,Lee P.L.,Lawrence A.L.,and Strawn K.,1985,Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei Boone:effects of dietary protein level and protein source,Aquaculture,46(2):85-96
Chen Y.F.,Lin H.Z.,Niu J.,Yang K.,Huang Z.,Chen X.,and Du Q.,2011,Dietary protein requirements for three sizes of pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Sciences),(13):18-121(陈义方,林黑着,牛津,杨铿,黄忠,陈旭,杜强,2011,不同规格南美白对虾对蛋白质需要量的研究,广东农业科学,(13):118-121)
Cheng K.M.,Hu C.Q.,Liu Y.N.,Zeng S.X.,and Qi X.J.,2006,Effects of dietary calcium,phosphorus and ca1cum/phpsphorus ratio on the growth and tissue mineralization of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity water,Aquaculture,251(2-4):472-483
Dai X.L.,Zhang L.T.,Zang W.L.,Deng P.P.,Zou W.L.,and Ding F.J.,2012,Effect of Ca2+,Mg2+and salinity on survival,growth and shrimp taste of Litopenaeus vannamei,Shuichan Xuebao(Journal of Fisheries of China),36(6):914-921(戴习林,张立田,臧维玲,邓平平,邹卫丽,丁福江,2012,Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾存活、生长及风味的影响,水产学报,36(6):914-921)
Dall W.,and Smith D.M.,1986,Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion in fed and starved tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus Haswell,Aquacukure,55(1):23-33
Huang K.,Wang W.,and Kong L.F.,2004,Requirements of Penaeus vannamei in low salinity water for dietary phosphorus and calcium,Zhongguo Haiyang Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Ocean University of China(Science Edition)),34(2):209-216(黄凯,王武,孔丽芳,黄华慧,2004,低盐度水体南美白对虾对饲料中钙、磷的需求,中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):209-216)
Huang K.,Wang W.,and Lu J.,2003,Protein requirements in compounded diets for Penaeus vannamei juveniles,Zhongguo Shuichan Kexue(Journal of Fishery Sciences of China),10(4):318-324(黄凯,王武,卢洁,2003,南美白对虾幼虾饲料蛋白质的需要量,中国水产科学,10(4):318-324)
Huang K.,Wang W.,Lu J.,Dai X.W.,and Zhou J.N.,2004,Salinity effects on growth and biochemical composition of Penaeus vannamei,Haiyang Kexue(Marine Sciences),28(9):20-25(黄凯,王武,卢洁,代小伟,周家能,2004,盐度对南美白对虾的生长及生化成分的影响,海洋科学,28(9):20-25)
Laramore S.,Laramore C.R.,and Scarpa J.,2001,Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of postlarvae and juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei,Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,32(4):385-392
McGraw W.J.,Davis D.A.,Teichert-Coddingtort D.,and Rouse D.B.,2002,Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinky:influence of age,salinity,endpoint and rate of salinity reduction,J.World Aquac.Soc.,33:78-84
Perez-Velazquez M.,González-Félix M.L.,Jaimes-Bustamente F.,Martínez-Córdova L.R.,Trujillo-Villalba D.A.,and Davis D.A.,2007,Investigation of the effects of salinity and dietary protein level on growth and survival of pacific white shrimp,J.World Aquac.Soc.,38(4):475-485
Robertson L.,Lawrence A.L.,and Castile F.,1993,Interaction of salinity and feed protein level on of Penaeus vannamei,J.App.Aqu.,2(1):43-54
Rosas C.,Cuzon G.,Taboada G.,Pascual C.,Gaxiok G.,and Wormhoudt V.A.,2001,Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth,oxygen consumption,haemolymph and digestive gland carbohydrates,nitrogen excretion and osmotic pressure of Litopenaeus vannamei(Boone)and L.setiferus(Linne)juveniles(Crustacea,Decapoda;Penaeidae),Aquae.Res.,32(7):531-547
Rosas C.,Ocampo L.,Gaxiola G.,Sa'nchez A.,and Soto L.A.,1999,Effect of salinity on survival,growth and oxygen consumption of postlarvae ZPLl0-PL21 of Penaeus setiferus,J.Crustacean Bio.L.,19:67-75
Rosasa C.,Martinez E.,Gaxiola G.,Brito R.,Sáncheza A.,and Sotod L.A.,1999,The effect of dissolved oxygen and salinity on oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and osmotic pressure of Penaeus setiferus(Linnaeus)juveniles,Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,234(1):41-57
Samantaray K.,and Mohanty S.S.,1997,Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on fingerling snakehead,Channa striata,Aquaculture,156(3-4):241-249
Saoud I.P.,Davis D.A.,and Rouse D.B.,2003,Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture,Aquaculture,217(1-4):373-383
Shiau S.Y.,1998,Nutrient requirements of penaeid shrimps,Aquaculture,164(1-4):77-93
Smith L.L.,Lee P.L.,Lawrence A.L.,and Strawn K.,1985,Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei Boone:effects of dietary protein level and protein source,Aquaculture,46(2):85-96