油松天然次生林林下植物多样性对林分密度的响应研究
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摘要
[目的]林分密度对林下植物组成和物种多样性有显著影响,调整林分密度是森林生态系统经营的主要技术途径,对于特定地区某种森林类型,林下植被的植物组成和物种多样性对林分密度变化的响应模式对指导森林经营技术指标的确定有现实意义。[方法]本研究以关帝山林区孝文山林场油松天然次生林为研究对象,采用密度系列典型样方调查和植物组成和物种多样性统计分析的方法进行研究。[结果]林下植物组成和物种多样性指数对林分密度的响应存在显著差异:林分密度由高到低,林下草本层和灌木层植物组成呈现一个由耐阴植物到喜光植物的变化;随着林分密度的减小,草本和灌木的丰富度、Simpson和基于Simpson的Pielou均匀度指数呈增大趋势,Shannon-wiener、基于Shannon-wiener的Pielou均匀度指数和Alatalo均匀度呈先增后减趋势。[结论]对林分密度过大的天然次生林应该采取合理的抚育措施,将林分密度调控至一个适度的范围,以加快林分更新,增加物种多样性,培育稳定的森林生态系统;关帝山油松天然次生林密度在850～1 000株·hm~(-2)能维持较高的物种多样性,为最适密度范围。
[Objective] Stand density has a significant effect on the composition and species diversity of plants in the understory. Adjusting forest density is the main way of forest ecosystem management. Response model has practical significance in determining the technical indexes of forest management in a certain forest type of specific area. Present study was aimed to construct a response model with the change of stand composition and species diversity resulting from changes of stand density. [Methods] The research material of this study was the natural secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Xiaowen forestry farm of Guandi Mountain. A typical sample survey based on density series was conducted and a statistical analysis of plant composition and species diversity was performed. [Results] The results showed significant differences in response of plant composition and species diversity to stand density. Herb and shrub richness, Simpson and Simpson-based Pielou evenness index were increased with the decrease of forest density. Shannon-wiener, Shannon-wiener based Pielou, and Alatalo evenness index were enhanced at beginning and then decreased with the decrease of forest density. [Conclusion] Reasonable reproduction strategy should be adopted to regulate excessive stand density of natural secondary forests to a moderate range, and to accelerate stand regeneration and increase species diversity and foster stable forest ecosystems. Stand density between 850～1 000 trees·hm~(-2) can maintain high species diversity, which is the optimum density range for natural secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Guandi Mountain.
[Objective] Stand density has a significant effect on the composition and species diversity of plants in the understory. Adjusting forest density is the main way of forest ecosystem management. Response model has practical significance in determining the technical indexes of forest management in a certain forest type of specific area. Present study was aimed to construct a response model with the change of stand composition and species diversity resulting from changes of stand density. [Methods] The research material of this study was the natural secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Xiaowen forestry farm of Guandi Mountain. A typical sample survey based on density series was conducted and a statistical analysis of plant composition and species diversity was performed. [Results] The results showed significant differences in response of plant composition and species diversity to stand density. Herb and shrub richness, Simpson and Simpson-based Pielou evenness index were increased with the decrease of forest density. Shannon-wiener, Shannon-wiener based Pielou, and Alatalo evenness index were enhanced at beginning and then decreased with the decrease of forest density. [Conclusion] Reasonable reproduction strategy should be adopted to regulate excessive stand density of natural secondary forests to a moderate range, and to accelerate stand regeneration and increase species diversity and foster stable forest ecosystems. Stand density between 850～1 000 trees·hm~(-2) can maintain high species diversity, which is the optimum density range for natural secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Guandi Mountain.
引文
[1]刘红炎,陈东莉,郭晋平,等.华北落叶松人工林不同间伐水平下林下植物多样性研究——以山西关帝山龙兴林场为例[J].林业资源管理,2017(1):50-56.
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[5]原志坚,王孝安,王丽娟,等.抚育对黄土高原油松人工林林下植被功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):339-346.
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[9]罗素梅,何东进,谢益林,等.林分密度对尾赤桉人工林群落结构与生态效应的影响研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(4):357-363.
[10]丁继伟,张芸香,郭晋平,等.华北落叶松天然林密度对林木生长的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):981-985.
[11]代青格乐,赵国平,王新星,等.林分密度对毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林林分结构和林下植被的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):86-91.
[12]周树平,梁坤南,黄桂华,等.不同密度柚木人工林林下植被及土壤理化性质的研究[J].植物研究,2017,37(2):200-210.
[13]鲁绍伟,陈波,李少宁,等.北京山地不同密度侧柏人工林林分生长及灌草多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(36):17645-17647,17653.
[14]吕婧娴,王得祥,张宋智,等.小陇山林区不同密度油松人工林林下物种多样性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(11):49-56.
[15]郭敬丽,崔立志,赵会艳,等.林分密度对人工油松林林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业与生态科学,2018,33(3):275-280.
[16]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[17]孙慧珍,国庆喜,周晓峰.植物功能型分类标准及方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2004(02):81-83.
[18]邓福英,刘玉杰,夏既胜.基于物种喜光性划分的热带山地林植物功能群及变化规律[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(3):1-9.
[19]范玉龙,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统草本植物功能群的分类[J].生态学报,2008,32(7):3092-3101.
[20]梁芳,郭晋平.林下植物多样性影响因素研究进展[J].山西林业科技,2008(2):33-35.
[21]许晴,张放,尤建民,等.Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数若干特征的分析及“稀释效应”[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):527-531.
[22]周本智,傅懋毅,李正才,等.浙西北天然次生林群落物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(4):406-411.
[23]鲁绍伟,刘凤芹,余新晓,等.北京山区不同密度油松结构与功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):117-121.
[24]侯磊,张硕新,陈云明,等.林分密度对人工油松林下植物的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):46-52.
[25]王媚臻,毕浩杰,郝建锋,等.林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学报,2019,39(3):1-7.
[26]刘玉宝.29年生杉木林下植物多样性与密度的关系[J].福建林学院学报,2005,25(1):27-30.
[2]赵燕波,张丹桔,张健,等.不同郁闭度马尾松人工林林下植物多样性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(6):1048-1054.
[3]Gamfeldt L, Sn?ll T, Bagchi R, et al. Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species[J]. Nature Communications, 2011, 4(1):1340.
[4]张首军,何斌.五鹿山自然保护区白皮松群落物种组成与群落结构[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):157-160.
[5]原志坚,王孝安,王丽娟,等.抚育对黄土高原油松人工林林下植被功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):339-346.
[5]Aresa A, Neil A R, Puettmann k J. Understory abundance, species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning in coniferous stands[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2010,260(7):1104-1113.
[7]Rota E, Caruso T, Bargagli R. Community structure, diversity and spatial organization of enchytraeids in Mediterranean urban holm oak stands[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2014, 62(5):83-91.
[8]雷相东,唐守正,李冬兰,等.影响天然林下层植物物种多样性的林分因子的研究[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(3):18-22.
[9]罗素梅,何东进,谢益林,等.林分密度对尾赤桉人工林群落结构与生态效应的影响研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(4):357-363.
[10]丁继伟,张芸香,郭晋平,等.华北落叶松天然林密度对林木生长的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):981-985.
[11]代青格乐,赵国平,王新星,等.林分密度对毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林林分结构和林下植被的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):86-91.
[12]周树平,梁坤南,黄桂华,等.不同密度柚木人工林林下植被及土壤理化性质的研究[J].植物研究,2017,37(2):200-210.
[13]鲁绍伟,陈波,李少宁,等.北京山地不同密度侧柏人工林林分生长及灌草多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(36):17645-17647,17653.
[14]吕婧娴,王得祥,张宋智,等.小陇山林区不同密度油松人工林林下物种多样性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(11):49-56.
[15]郭敬丽,崔立志,赵会艳,等.林分密度对人工油松林林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业与生态科学,2018,33(3):275-280.
[16]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[17]孙慧珍,国庆喜,周晓峰.植物功能型分类标准及方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2004(02):81-83.
[18]邓福英,刘玉杰,夏既胜.基于物种喜光性划分的热带山地林植物功能群及变化规律[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(3):1-9.
[19]范玉龙,胡楠,丁圣彦,等.伏牛山自然保护区森林生态系统草本植物功能群的分类[J].生态学报,2008,32(7):3092-3101.
[20]梁芳,郭晋平.林下植物多样性影响因素研究进展[J].山西林业科技,2008(2):33-35.
[21]许晴,张放,尤建民,等.Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数若干特征的分析及“稀释效应”[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):527-531.
[22]周本智,傅懋毅,李正才,等.浙西北天然次生林群落物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(4):406-411.
[23]鲁绍伟,刘凤芹,余新晓,等.北京山区不同密度油松结构与功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):117-121.
[24]侯磊,张硕新,陈云明,等.林分密度对人工油松林下植物的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):46-52.
[25]王媚臻,毕浩杰,郝建锋,等.林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学报,2019,39(3):1-7.
[26]刘玉宝.29年生杉木林下植物多样性与密度的关系[J].福建林学院学报,2005,25(1):27-30.