香菇中重金属含量风险分析及栽培基质对重金属累积的作用
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摘要
为探究北京市市场流通中食用香菇重金属含量情况及对人体的健康影响,采集北京市流通领域中107份香菇样品,测定了镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)的含量水平,依据靶标危害系数方法(THQ)评价了香菇通过膳食途径摄入4种重金属的人体健康风险;同时通过栽培基地采样,研究了栽培基质与香菇中重金属含量的相关性。结果显示:采集的香菇样品中重金属Cd、As、Hg、Pb的含量范围分别为ND～0.76、0.01～0.30、ND～0.03、ND～1.79 mg·kg~(-1),Cd和Pb的超标率均为5.6%,而Hg和As未出现超标情况;鲜食与干食香菇的重金属含量没有显著性差异;香菇子实体中Cd、As、Pb含量与基质重金属含量呈现极显著相关,香菇中Cd的富集系数最高,分别是As、Hg、Pb的3.70、5.67、1.63倍;香菇4种重金属的THQ均未超过安全阈值,儿童经香菇途径摄入As的THQ值相对较高,需引起注意。北京市流通领域香菇的主要污染因子是Cd和Pb,栽培基质中的Cd更易被香菇子实体吸收并累积。
In order to investigate the heavy metals content in Lentinula edodes in the Beijing market and its dietary effect on human health,107 fungi samples were collected. The levels of Cd, As, Hg, and Pb were measured, and the dietary risks of the four heavy metals to human health were evaluated through the target hazard quotient(THQ)method. Additionally, the correlation between the heavy metals contents in the cultivation substrate and those in L. edodes was studied. The results showed that the contents of Cd, As, Hg, and Pb in the collected samples were ND～0.76, 0.01～0.30, ND～0.03 mg·kg~(-1), and ND～1.79 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The over-standard rates of Cd and Pb were both5.6%, while no Hg or As contents exceeded the standard. No significant differences were observed between the heavy metals contents in fresh and dried mushrooms. The contents of Cd, As, and Pb in the fruiting bodies of L. edodes were significantly correlated with those in the substrate. The enrichment coefficient of Cd is the largest, which is 3.70, 5.67 and 1.63 times of As, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The THQs of the four heavy metals were all within the safe threshold, but it was noteworthy that the THQ of As for children was relatively high. Therefore, the major pollution factors of L. edodes in circulation in Beijing were Cd and Pb, and Cd in the cultivation substrate was more easily absorbed and accumulated by the fruiting body of L. edodes.
In order to investigate the heavy metals content in Lentinula edodes in the Beijing market and its dietary effect on human health,107 fungi samples were collected. The levels of Cd, As, Hg, and Pb were measured, and the dietary risks of the four heavy metals to human health were evaluated through the target hazard quotient(THQ)method. Additionally, the correlation between the heavy metals contents in the cultivation substrate and those in L. edodes was studied. The results showed that the contents of Cd, As, Hg, and Pb in the collected samples were ND～0.76, 0.01～0.30, ND～0.03 mg·kg~(-1), and ND～1.79 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The over-standard rates of Cd and Pb were both5.6%, while no Hg or As contents exceeded the standard. No significant differences were observed between the heavy metals contents in fresh and dried mushrooms. The contents of Cd, As, and Pb in the fruiting bodies of L. edodes were significantly correlated with those in the substrate. The enrichment coefficient of Cd is the largest, which is 3.70, 5.67 and 1.63 times of As, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The THQs of the four heavy metals were all within the safe threshold, but it was noteworthy that the THQ of As for children was relatively high. Therefore, the major pollution factors of L. edodes in circulation in Beijing were Cd and Pb, and Cd in the cultivation substrate was more easily absorbed and accumulated by the fruiting body of L. edodes.
引文
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[19]徐丽红,吴应淼,陈俏彪,等.香菇(Lentinus edodes)对重金属镉(Cd)的吸收规律及控制技术研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1300-1304.XU Li-hong,WU Ying-miao,CHEN Qiao-biao,et al.Investigation of cadmium uptake and accumulation by Lentinus edodes and its control technique[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(7):1300-1304.
[20]黄建成,应正河,余应瑞,等.姬松茸对重金属的富集规律及控制技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):406-409.HUANG Jian-cheng,YING Zheng-he,YU Ying-rui,et al.Accumulation rule of heavy metal and the controlling technique by Agaricus blazei murrill[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(3):406-409.
[21]Petkov?ek S A,Pokorny B.Lead and cadmium in mushrooms from the vicinity of two large emission sources in Slovenia[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,443:944-954.
[22]刘烨潼,陈秋生,张强,等.食用菌重金属污染对人体的健康风险分析[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(2):440-443.LIU Ye-tong,CHEN Qiu-sheng,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Assessing health risk of heavy metals in mushroom[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(2):440-443.
[2]黄晨阳,张金霞.食用菌重金属富集研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(4):7-9.HUANG Chen-yang,ZHANG Jin-xia.Studies on heavy metal accumulation in edible mushroom[J].Edible Fungi of China,2004,23(4):7-9.
[3]雷敬敷,杨德芬.食用菌的重金属含量及食用菌对重金属富集作用的研究[J].中国食用菌,1990,9(6):14-17.LEI Jing-fu,YANG De-fen.Study on Heavy metal content of edible fungi and its enrichment effect on heavy metals[J].Edible Fungi of China,1990,9(6):14-17.
[4]朱华玲,班立桐,徐晓萍.食用菌对重金属耐受和富集机理的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(13):8056-8057.ZHU Hua-ling,BAN Li-tong,XU Xiao-ping.Study progress on the tolerating and accumulating mechanism of edible mushrooms on heavy metals[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(13):8056-8057.
[5]王北洪,马智宏,冯晓元,等.北京市蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(7):2736-2745.WANG Bei-hong,MA Zhi-hong,FENG Xiao-yuan,et al.Concentrations and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in vegetables in Beijing[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2015,6(7):2736-2745.
[6]张玉洁,胡国海,李洪超.云南省部分地区食用菌重金属含量的分析及评价[J].北方园艺,2011,7(20):171-174.ZHANG Yu-jie,HU Guo-hai,LI Hong-chao.Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in fresh edible mushrooms collected from several areas in Yunnan Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,7(20):171-174.
[7]王北洪,刘静,姚真真,等.栽培食用菌重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):490-496.WANG Bei-hong,LIU Jing,YAO Zhen-zhen,et al.Determination and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in cultivated edible mushrooms[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2016,7(2):490-496.
[8]USEPA.Risk-based concentration table[R].Philadelphia PA:United States environmental protection agency,Washington DC.2000.
[9]Song B,Lei M,Chen T B,et al.Assessing the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables to the general population in Beijing,China[J].Environ Sci-China,2009,21(12):1702-1709.
[10]Chang C Y,Yu H Y,Chen J J,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals in leaf vegetables from agricultural soils and associated potential health risks in the Pearl River Delta,South China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186(3):1547-1560.
[11]中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015.Report on nutrition and chronic disease status of Chinese residents(2015)[M].Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House,2015.
[12]金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十:2002营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.JIN Shui-gao.Chinese national nutrition and health survey report(Volume No.10):Dataset of nutrition and health in 2002[M].Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House,2008.
[13]王光强,支晓丽,夏永军,等.上海市食用菌重金属污染状况的研究[J].工业微生物,2016,46(6):20-23.WANG Guang-qiang,ZHI Xiao-li,XIA Yong-jun,et al.Heavy metal contents of edible fungi in Shanghai[J].Industrial Microbiology,2016,46(6):20-23.
[14]陆剑飞,梁赤周.浙江省食用菌重金属污染的风险评价[J].北京农学院学报,2014,29(3):33-37.LU Jian-fei,LIANG Chi-zhou.Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in edible fungi in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture,2014,29(3):33-37.
[15]陈黎,刘俊,张璐,等.四川地区食用菌中7种重金属含量测定及污染评价[J].食品科学,2010,31(16):220-224.CHEN Li,LIU Jun,ZHANG Lu,et al.Determination of seven heavy metals and pollution assessment in edible fungi from Sichuan Province[J].Food Science,2010,31(16):220-224.
[16]李爽,刘淏田,袁姗姗,等.北京市场常见食用菌重金属含量测定及评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):584-591.LI Shuang,LIU Hao-tian,YUAN Shan-shan,et al.Measurement and assessment of heavy metals in common edible fungi in Beijing market[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2016,7(2):584-591.
[17]邵祥龙,朱效宁,成玉萍,等.上海市6区县食用菌中铅含量测定及暴露评估[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2017,27(6):892-895.SHAO Xiang-long,ZHU Xiao-ning,CHENG Yu-ping,et al.Lead content in edible fungi and the exposure assessment in 6 districts of Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology,2017,27(6):892-895.
[18]徐映如,沈俊毅,张颖琦.上海市虹口区市售食用菌中汞和砷的污染水平[J].职业与健康,2018,34(7):900-904.XU Ying-ru,SHEN Jun-yi,ZHANG Ying-qi.Pollution levels of mercury and arsenic in edible fungi marketed in Hongkou District,Shanghai[J].Occupation and Health,2018,34(7):900-904.
[19]徐丽红,吴应淼,陈俏彪,等.香菇(Lentinus edodes)对重金属镉(Cd)的吸收规律及控制技术研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1300-1304.XU Li-hong,WU Ying-miao,CHEN Qiao-biao,et al.Investigation of cadmium uptake and accumulation by Lentinus edodes and its control technique[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(7):1300-1304.
[20]黄建成,应正河,余应瑞,等.姬松茸对重金属的富集规律及控制技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):406-409.HUANG Jian-cheng,YING Zheng-he,YU Ying-rui,et al.Accumulation rule of heavy metal and the controlling technique by Agaricus blazei murrill[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(3):406-409.
[21]Petkov?ek S A,Pokorny B.Lead and cadmium in mushrooms from the vicinity of two large emission sources in Slovenia[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,443:944-954.
[22]刘烨潼,陈秋生,张强,等.食用菌重金属污染对人体的健康风险分析[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(2):440-443.LIU Ye-tong,CHEN Qiu-sheng,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Assessing health risk of heavy metals in mushroom[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(2):440-443.