甘蔗品种桂糖42号的种性及其高产稳产性分析与评价
|
摘要
【目的】对甘蔗品种桂糖42号的种性及其高产稳产性进行分析与评价,为其大面积推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以可代表广西蔗区70%土壤类型的金光农场为试验地点,选择高、中、低3种不同土壤类型的地块,以新台糖22号(ROC22)为对照,连续进行桂糖42号4年新植3年宿根共30点次的生产性试验;试验期间调查其主要农艺性状、抗性及产量表现,并采用高稳系数与变异系数相结合的方法分析其高产稳产性。【结果】桂糖42号新植蔗的萌芽率和茎径与ROC22接近,分蘖率、单位面积苗数和有效茎数高于ROC22,但差异均不显著(P>0.05,下同),株高则显著低于ROC22(P<0.05,下同)。宿根蔗的株高略高于ROC22,茎径与ROC22相当,单位面积苗数和有效茎数较ROC22有明显优势,与ROC22的差异达显著或极显著(P<0.01,下同)水平。桂糖42号抗螟虫和抗梢腐病能力与ROC22相当,抗黑穗病、抗倒伏能力及抗旱性强于ROC22。新植蔗和宿根蔗的平均蔗糖分为14.95%~15.36%,均高于ROC22,但差异未达显著水平。1~3年宿根蔗茎产量和糖蔗产量分别比ROC22增产28.86%~62.93%和28.98%~63.03%,其中第3年宿根仍有较高的蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量,分别达80.02和12.32 t/ha,4新3宿的平均蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量分别达95.32和14.43 t/ha,比ROC22极显著增产18.38%和18.86%。从高稳系数和变异系数来看,桂糖42号新植蔗的产量稳定性较ROC22略差,但宿根蔗和新宿平均的产量稳定性较高,较ROC22有明显优势。【结论】桂糖42号在广西金光农场表现出高产高糖、宿根性强、抗旱性好、脱叶性好及抗倒性强等诸多优良特性,适宜在广西及国内相同土壤类型蔗区进一步推广种植。
【Objective】Varietal characteristics and high yield stability of sugarcane variety Guitang 42 were evaluated to provide scientific reference for large area planting of it.【Method】Representing 70% soil types in Guangxi sugarcane area,Jinguang Farm was selected as experiment site. High,medium and low soil types were chosen,and sugarcane cultivar ROC22 was as control. A total of 30 productive trials were conducted in 4-year planting seedlings and 3-year ratoon seedlings of Guitang 42. Main agronomic traits,resistance and yield of Guitang 42 were investigated during the trial period,and its productivity and yield stability was evaluated by the high stability coefficient and coefficient of variation.【Result】For new planting seedlings,germination rate and stalk diameter of Guitang 42 were close to ROC22,but tillering rate,seedling number per unit area and effective stalk of Guitang 42 were higher,without significant difference(P>0.05,the same below). Seedling height of Guitang 42 was significantly(P<0.05,the same below)shorter than ROC22. In terms of ratoon crops,seedling height of Guitang 42 was slightly higher than ROC22,stalk diameter was close to ROC22,seedling number per unit area and effective stalk were greatly higher,with significant or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same below)difference. The resistance to borer and pokkah boeng disease of Guitang 42 were similar to ROC22,the resistance to smut,lodging resistance and drought resistance were all stronger than ROC22. Average sucrose content of planting seed-lings and ratoon seedlings were 14.95%-15.36%,which was higher than ROC22,but the difference was insignificant.Average of cane yield and sucrose yield of 1-year to 3-year ratoon seedlings increased 28.86%-62.93% and 28.98%-63.03% than ROC22. Especially in the 3-year ratoon seedling,cane yield and sugar yield reached 80.02 and 12.32 t/ha.Average of cane yield and sugar yield of 4-year plant seedlings and 3-year ratoon seedlings increased extremely significantly 18.38% and 18.86% than ROC22 and reached 95.32 and 14.43 t/ha. In terms of high stability coefficient and coefficient of variation,sugarcane yield stability of Guitang 42 new plating seedlings was slightly worse than ROC22,but its yield stability of ratoon seedlings and average new planting seedlings had obvious advantages over ROC22.【Conclusion】Guitang 42 is characterized by high yield,high sucrose,strong ratoon ability,high drought resistance,easy defoliation and good lodging resistance,which is suitable for further promotion in sugarcane planting areas of Guangxi and even China with the same soil types.
【Objective】Varietal characteristics and high yield stability of sugarcane variety Guitang 42 were evaluated to provide scientific reference for large area planting of it.【Method】Representing 70% soil types in Guangxi sugarcane area,Jinguang Farm was selected as experiment site. High,medium and low soil types were chosen,and sugarcane cultivar ROC22 was as control. A total of 30 productive trials were conducted in 4-year planting seedlings and 3-year ratoon seedlings of Guitang 42. Main agronomic traits,resistance and yield of Guitang 42 were investigated during the trial period,and its productivity and yield stability was evaluated by the high stability coefficient and coefficient of variation.【Result】For new planting seedlings,germination rate and stalk diameter of Guitang 42 were close to ROC22,but tillering rate,seedling number per unit area and effective stalk of Guitang 42 were higher,without significant difference(P>0.05,the same below). Seedling height of Guitang 42 was significantly(P<0.05,the same below)shorter than ROC22. In terms of ratoon crops,seedling height of Guitang 42 was slightly higher than ROC22,stalk diameter was close to ROC22,seedling number per unit area and effective stalk were greatly higher,with significant or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same below)difference. The resistance to borer and pokkah boeng disease of Guitang 42 were similar to ROC22,the resistance to smut,lodging resistance and drought resistance were all stronger than ROC22. Average sucrose content of planting seed-lings and ratoon seedlings were 14.95%-15.36%,which was higher than ROC22,but the difference was insignificant.Average of cane yield and sucrose yield of 1-year to 3-year ratoon seedlings increased 28.86%-62.93% and 28.98%-63.03% than ROC22. Especially in the 3-year ratoon seedling,cane yield and sugar yield reached 80.02 and 12.32 t/ha.Average of cane yield and sugar yield of 4-year plant seedlings and 3-year ratoon seedlings increased extremely significantly 18.38% and 18.86% than ROC22 and reached 95.32 and 14.43 t/ha. In terms of high stability coefficient and coefficient of variation,sugarcane yield stability of Guitang 42 new plating seedlings was slightly worse than ROC22,but its yield stability of ratoon seedlings and average new planting seedlings had obvious advantages over ROC22.【Conclusion】Guitang 42 is characterized by high yield,high sucrose,strong ratoon ability,high drought resistance,easy defoliation and good lodging resistance,which is suitable for further promotion in sugarcane planting areas of Guangxi and even China with the same soil types.
引文
陈如凯.2003.现代甘蔗育种的理论与实践[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Chen R K.Theory and Practice of Modern Sugarcane Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
邓宇驰,王维赞,张荣华,韩世健,陆国盈,王伦旺,李翔.2016.2016年崇左、百色蔗区糖料蔗生产情况调研报告[J].中国糖料,38(6):48-51.[Deng Y C,Wang W Z,Zhang R H,Han S J,Lu G Y,Wang L W,Li X.2016.Survey of sugarcane production of Chongzuo and Baise areas in 2016[J].Sugar Crops of China,38(6):48-51.]
《广西甘蔗栽培》编写组.1991.广西甘蔗栽培[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社:389-392.[Guangxi Sugarcane Cultivation Editorial Committee.1991.Guangxi Sugarcane Cultivation[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press:389-392.]
李恒锐,苏春玲,邱文武,彭崇,卢美瑛,马文清,施丁寿.2014.广西龙州11个甘蔗品种对比试验[J].热带农业科技,37(2):28-31.[Li H R,Su C L,Qiu W W,Peng C,Lu M Y,Ma W Q,Shi D S.2014.Comparison experiment of 11 sugarcane cultivars in Longzhou of Guangxi province[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,37(2):28-31.]
李毅杰,段维兴,黄志,王泽平,李文教,韦开军,陆文娟,林善海.2016.广西甘蔗生长中期主要病虫害发生与抗病性评价[J].广东农业科学,43(6):127-131.[Li Y J,Duan W X,Huang Z,Wang Z P,Li W J,Wei K J,Lu W J,Lin S H.2016.Occurrence and evaluation of major diseases and insect pests on main sugarcane varieties in mediumterm growth period in Guangxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,43(6):127-131.]
梁强,谢金兰,李毅杰,罗亚伟,李长宁,刘晓燕,朱秋珍,董文斌,周会,王维赞.2014.不同收获方式对蔗田土壤容重及甘蔗宿根出苗的影响[J].南方农业学报,45(7):1221-1224.[Liang Q,Xie J L,Li Y J,Luo Y W,Li C N,Liu X Y,Zhu Q Z,Dong W B,Zhou H,Wang W Z.2014.Effects of different harvesting methods on soil bulk density and seedling roots of ratoon sugarcane[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,45(7):1221-1224.]
梁修延,容发清.2016.桂中春植蔗新品种对比试验[J].现代农业科技,(4):89-90.[Liang X Y,Rong F Q.2016.Spring planting sugarcane varieties comparison in central Guangxi[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(4):89-90.]
刘帆,袁玉顺,杨俊青,蔡秋华,李国强,吴显成,李江,张睿.2016.大麦新品系高产稳产性评价方法比较[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),31(4):597-603.[Liu F,Yuan Y S,Yang J Q,Cai Q H,Li G Q,Wu X C,Li J,Zhang R.2016.Comparison of evaluation methods for high yield and stability of the new barley strains[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),31(4):597-603.]
刘晓燕,梁强,李毅杰,谢金兰,董文斌,李长宁,陆文娟,韦开军,李文教,邱文武,庞华莒.2016a.广西甘蔗新品种区域试验宿根蔗适应性与稳定性分析[J].南方农业学报,47(1):37-42.[Liu X Y,Liang Q,Li Y J,Xie J L,Dong W B,Li C N,Lu W J,Wei K J,Li W J,Qiu W W,Pang H J.2016a.Adaptation and stability analysis of ratoon sugarcane in Guangxi new sugarcane variety regional trial[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,47(1):37-42.]
刘晓燕,梁强,陆文娟,韦开军,李文教,邱文武,朱斌,莫皓蓝,庞华莒.2016b.2013-2014年广西甘蔗品种区域试验总结[J].中国农学通报,32(6):61-67.[Liu X Y,Liang Q,Lu W J,Wei K J,Li W J,Qiu W W,Zhu B,Mo H L,Pang H J.2016b.Summary on regional trial of Guangxi sugarcane varieties in 2013-2014[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,32(6):61-67.]
马改艳,徐学荣.2013.对当前我国甘蔗产业发展形势的分析与思考[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学版),7(6):29-35.[Ma G Y,Xu X R.2013.Analysis and deliberation on the current development situation of China’s sugar industry[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science),7(6):29-35.]
覃伟,吴才文,姚丽,陈学宽,赵培方,曾千春.2014.甘蔗宿根萌发期內源激素变化与其宿根性的关系[J].西北植物学报,34(1):143-149.[Qin W,Wu C W,Yao L,Chen XK,Zhao P F,Zeng Q C.2014.Relationship between the ratoon ability and the change of endogenous hormone in sugarcane at sprouting stage[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,34(1):143-149.]
谭芳,黎焕光,谭裕模,杨荣仲,黄海荣,王伦旺.2013.甘蔗新品种桂糖31号丰产性及稳产性分析[J].江苏农业科学,41(2):99-101.[Tan F,Li H G,Tan Y M,Yang R Z,Huang H R,Wang L W.2013.Analysis of productivity and stability of sugarcane variety Guitang 46[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41(2):99-101.]
王兵伟,时成俏,覃德斌,覃永嫒,黄安霞.2009.玉米品种丰产性和稳定性分析方法比较[J].种子,(1):105-108.[Wang B W,Shi C Q,Qin D B,Qin Y A,Huang A X.2009.Comparison of analytiacl method on high-yield and stability of maize varieties[J].Seed,(1):105-108.]
王伦旺,李廷化,黄海荣,李翔,余凤良,经艳,谭芳,唐仕云.2012.甘蔗新品种桂糖32号在广西金光农场的表现[J].广东农业科学,39(13):28-29.[Wang L W,Li T H,Huang H R,Li X,Yu F L,Jing Y,Tan F,Tang S Y.2012.Performance of the new sugarcane variety Guitang32 in Jinguang farm of Guangxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(13):28-29.]
王伦旺,廖江雄,谭芳,唐仕云,黄家雍,李翔,杨荣仲,李杨瑞,黄海荣,经艳,邓宇驰.2015.高产高糖抗倒伏甘蔗新品种桂糖42号的选育及高产栽培技术[J].南方农业学报,46(8):1361-1366.[Wang L W,Liao J X,Tan F,Tang S Y,Huang J Y,Li X,Yang R Z,Li Y R,Huang HR,Jing Y,Deng Y C.2015.Breeding of new high-yield,high-sugar and lodging-resistant sugarcane variety Guitang 42 and its high-yield cultivation technique[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,46(8):1361-1366.]
王泽平,陈奕,孙海军,李毅杰,段维兴,周主贵,张木清,林善海.2016.广西甘蔗主栽品种梢腐病田间抗性初步评价[J].热带作物学报,37(5):952-957.[Wang Z P,Chen Y,Sun H J,Li Y J,Duan W X,Zhou Z G,Zhang M Q,Lin S H.2016.Preliminary evaluation of resistance on Pokkah boeng disease of major sugarcane varieties in the field of Guangxi[J].Journal of Tropical Crops,37(5):952-957.]
谢金兰,何红,朱秋珍,王维赞,罗亚伟,梁阗,刘晓燕.2010.广西甘蔗引进新品种比较试验结果初报[J].中国糖料,(4):15-18.[Xie J L,He H,Zhu Q Z,Wang W Z,Luo YW,Liang T,Liu X Y.2010.Comparative test of introduced sugarcane varieties in Guangxi[J].Sugar Crops of China,(4):15-18.]
谢金兰,吴建明,黄杏,丘立航,李强,陈忠良.2015.我国甘蔗新品种(系)的抗旱性研究[J].江苏农业科学,43(3):108-112.[Xie J L,Wu J M,Huang X,Qiu L H,Li Q,Chen Z L.2015.Drought resistance of sugarcane varieties(lines)research in China[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,43(3):108-112.]
杨荣仲,梁强,桂意云,周会,陈家慧,王伦旺,贤武,邓宇驰.2014.机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响[J].西南农业学报,27(5):2195-2202.[Yang R Z,Liang Q,Gui Y Y,Zhou H,Chen J H,Wang L W,Xian W,Deng Y C.2014.Impact on stubble seedling of mechanical harvesting and crosses screening for rolling resistance[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,27(5):2195-2202.]
邓宇驰,王维赞,张荣华,韩世健,陆国盈,王伦旺,李翔.2016.2016年崇左、百色蔗区糖料蔗生产情况调研报告[J].中国糖料,38(6):48-51.[Deng Y C,Wang W Z,Zhang R H,Han S J,Lu G Y,Wang L W,Li X.2016.Survey of sugarcane production of Chongzuo and Baise areas in 2016[J].Sugar Crops of China,38(6):48-51.]
《广西甘蔗栽培》编写组.1991.广西甘蔗栽培[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社:389-392.[Guangxi Sugarcane Cultivation Editorial Committee.1991.Guangxi Sugarcane Cultivation[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press:389-392.]
李恒锐,苏春玲,邱文武,彭崇,卢美瑛,马文清,施丁寿.2014.广西龙州11个甘蔗品种对比试验[J].热带农业科技,37(2):28-31.[Li H R,Su C L,Qiu W W,Peng C,Lu M Y,Ma W Q,Shi D S.2014.Comparison experiment of 11 sugarcane cultivars in Longzhou of Guangxi province[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,37(2):28-31.]
李毅杰,段维兴,黄志,王泽平,李文教,韦开军,陆文娟,林善海.2016.广西甘蔗生长中期主要病虫害发生与抗病性评价[J].广东农业科学,43(6):127-131.[Li Y J,Duan W X,Huang Z,Wang Z P,Li W J,Wei K J,Lu W J,Lin S H.2016.Occurrence and evaluation of major diseases and insect pests on main sugarcane varieties in mediumterm growth period in Guangxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,43(6):127-131.]
梁强,谢金兰,李毅杰,罗亚伟,李长宁,刘晓燕,朱秋珍,董文斌,周会,王维赞.2014.不同收获方式对蔗田土壤容重及甘蔗宿根出苗的影响[J].南方农业学报,45(7):1221-1224.[Liang Q,Xie J L,Li Y J,Luo Y W,Li C N,Liu X Y,Zhu Q Z,Dong W B,Zhou H,Wang W Z.2014.Effects of different harvesting methods on soil bulk density and seedling roots of ratoon sugarcane[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,45(7):1221-1224.]
梁修延,容发清.2016.桂中春植蔗新品种对比试验[J].现代农业科技,(4):89-90.[Liang X Y,Rong F Q.2016.Spring planting sugarcane varieties comparison in central Guangxi[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(4):89-90.]
刘帆,袁玉顺,杨俊青,蔡秋华,李国强,吴显成,李江,张睿.2016.大麦新品系高产稳产性评价方法比较[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),31(4):597-603.[Liu F,Yuan Y S,Yang J Q,Cai Q H,Li G Q,Wu X C,Li J,Zhang R.2016.Comparison of evaluation methods for high yield and stability of the new barley strains[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),31(4):597-603.]
刘晓燕,梁强,李毅杰,谢金兰,董文斌,李长宁,陆文娟,韦开军,李文教,邱文武,庞华莒.2016a.广西甘蔗新品种区域试验宿根蔗适应性与稳定性分析[J].南方农业学报,47(1):37-42.[Liu X Y,Liang Q,Li Y J,Xie J L,Dong W B,Li C N,Lu W J,Wei K J,Li W J,Qiu W W,Pang H J.2016a.Adaptation and stability analysis of ratoon sugarcane in Guangxi new sugarcane variety regional trial[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,47(1):37-42.]
刘晓燕,梁强,陆文娟,韦开军,李文教,邱文武,朱斌,莫皓蓝,庞华莒.2016b.2013-2014年广西甘蔗品种区域试验总结[J].中国农学通报,32(6):61-67.[Liu X Y,Liang Q,Lu W J,Wei K J,Li W J,Qiu W W,Zhu B,Mo H L,Pang H J.2016b.Summary on regional trial of Guangxi sugarcane varieties in 2013-2014[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,32(6):61-67.]
马改艳,徐学荣.2013.对当前我国甘蔗产业发展形势的分析与思考[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学版),7(6):29-35.[Ma G Y,Xu X R.2013.Analysis and deliberation on the current development situation of China’s sugar industry[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science),7(6):29-35.]
覃伟,吴才文,姚丽,陈学宽,赵培方,曾千春.2014.甘蔗宿根萌发期內源激素变化与其宿根性的关系[J].西北植物学报,34(1):143-149.[Qin W,Wu C W,Yao L,Chen XK,Zhao P F,Zeng Q C.2014.Relationship between the ratoon ability and the change of endogenous hormone in sugarcane at sprouting stage[J].Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,34(1):143-149.]
谭芳,黎焕光,谭裕模,杨荣仲,黄海荣,王伦旺.2013.甘蔗新品种桂糖31号丰产性及稳产性分析[J].江苏农业科学,41(2):99-101.[Tan F,Li H G,Tan Y M,Yang R Z,Huang H R,Wang L W.2013.Analysis of productivity and stability of sugarcane variety Guitang 46[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41(2):99-101.]
王兵伟,时成俏,覃德斌,覃永嫒,黄安霞.2009.玉米品种丰产性和稳定性分析方法比较[J].种子,(1):105-108.[Wang B W,Shi C Q,Qin D B,Qin Y A,Huang A X.2009.Comparison of analytiacl method on high-yield and stability of maize varieties[J].Seed,(1):105-108.]
王伦旺,李廷化,黄海荣,李翔,余凤良,经艳,谭芳,唐仕云.2012.甘蔗新品种桂糖32号在广西金光农场的表现[J].广东农业科学,39(13):28-29.[Wang L W,Li T H,Huang H R,Li X,Yu F L,Jing Y,Tan F,Tang S Y.2012.Performance of the new sugarcane variety Guitang32 in Jinguang farm of Guangxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(13):28-29.]
王伦旺,廖江雄,谭芳,唐仕云,黄家雍,李翔,杨荣仲,李杨瑞,黄海荣,经艳,邓宇驰.2015.高产高糖抗倒伏甘蔗新品种桂糖42号的选育及高产栽培技术[J].南方农业学报,46(8):1361-1366.[Wang L W,Liao J X,Tan F,Tang S Y,Huang J Y,Li X,Yang R Z,Li Y R,Huang HR,Jing Y,Deng Y C.2015.Breeding of new high-yield,high-sugar and lodging-resistant sugarcane variety Guitang 42 and its high-yield cultivation technique[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,46(8):1361-1366.]
王泽平,陈奕,孙海军,李毅杰,段维兴,周主贵,张木清,林善海.2016.广西甘蔗主栽品种梢腐病田间抗性初步评价[J].热带作物学报,37(5):952-957.[Wang Z P,Chen Y,Sun H J,Li Y J,Duan W X,Zhou Z G,Zhang M Q,Lin S H.2016.Preliminary evaluation of resistance on Pokkah boeng disease of major sugarcane varieties in the field of Guangxi[J].Journal of Tropical Crops,37(5):952-957.]
谢金兰,何红,朱秋珍,王维赞,罗亚伟,梁阗,刘晓燕.2010.广西甘蔗引进新品种比较试验结果初报[J].中国糖料,(4):15-18.[Xie J L,He H,Zhu Q Z,Wang W Z,Luo YW,Liang T,Liu X Y.2010.Comparative test of introduced sugarcane varieties in Guangxi[J].Sugar Crops of China,(4):15-18.]
谢金兰,吴建明,黄杏,丘立航,李强,陈忠良.2015.我国甘蔗新品种(系)的抗旱性研究[J].江苏农业科学,43(3):108-112.[Xie J L,Wu J M,Huang X,Qiu L H,Li Q,Chen Z L.2015.Drought resistance of sugarcane varieties(lines)research in China[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,43(3):108-112.]
杨荣仲,梁强,桂意云,周会,陈家慧,王伦旺,贤武,邓宇驰.2014.机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响[J].西南农业学报,27(5):2195-2202.[Yang R Z,Liang Q,Gui Y Y,Zhou H,Chen J H,Wang L W,Xian W,Deng Y C.2014.Impact on stubble seedling of mechanical harvesting and crosses screening for rolling resistance[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,27(5):2195-2202.]