砾石覆盖对海涂围垦区粉砂土坡面土壤可蚀性影响试验研究
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摘要
通过人工模拟降雨试验,选取2种坡度(15°,30°),2种降雨强度(92,119 mm/h)和6种砾石覆盖度(0,10%,20%,40%,60%,80%),探究砾石覆盖对海涂围垦区粉砂土坡面侵蚀及土壤可蚀性的影响.结果表明:随累积降雨量增加,土壤可蚀性参数先增大后减小,并趋于稳定.坡度对土壤可蚀性影响显著,坡度越陡,坡面土壤可蚀性越大.砾石覆盖度与土壤可蚀性参数并非呈单调关系.坡度较陡且低覆盖度时,砾石覆盖增加坡面侵蚀;而当高覆盖度时,砾石覆盖可降低坡面径流速率,增加入渗率,减小土壤侵蚀率.适当盖度砾石覆盖能够改变边坡表面粗糙程度,降低坡面土壤可蚀性.砾石覆盖坡面径流雷诺数与土壤可蚀性参数呈显著线性负相关关系.通过径流雷诺数与土壤可蚀性参数线性关系定量分析能够较好反映坡面高钠盐土颗粒输移水动力学过程,对于构建盐碱土边坡泥沙输移预测模型具有重要意义.
The effects of rock fragments cover(RC) on the saline-sodic soil erosion and the interrill erodibility were investigated through simulated rainfall with two intensities(92 mm/h and 119 mm/h),two slope gradients(15% and 30%),and six rock fragments covers(0%,10%,20%,40%,60% and 80%).Results show that with the increase of cumulative rainfall,the soil erodibility increases firstly,then decreases and tends to be stable.The soil erodibility is significantly increased with slope gradient increasing.The soil erodibility varies non-monotonically with RC.Under the condition of deeper slope and lower RC,soil erodibility increases with RC increasing.While infiltration rate increases,runoff rate and soil erodibility decreases with RC increasing when RC is higher.The appropriate RC can change the roughness of slope surface and reduce the soil erodibility.A significant negative linear correlation exists between Reynolds number of runoff and soil erodibility on the slope with rock fragments cover.Quantitative analysis of linear relationship between Reynolds number and soil erodibility can reflect hydrodynamics process of saline-sodic soil on slope surface,which is of significance to building a prediction model of sediment transport in saline-sodic soil slope.
The effects of rock fragments cover(RC) on the saline-sodic soil erosion and the interrill erodibility were investigated through simulated rainfall with two intensities(92 mm/h and 119 mm/h),two slope gradients(15% and 30%),and six rock fragments covers(0%,10%,20%,40%,60% and 80%).Results show that with the increase of cumulative rainfall,the soil erodibility increases firstly,then decreases and tends to be stable.The soil erodibility is significantly increased with slope gradient increasing.The soil erodibility varies non-monotonically with RC.Under the condition of deeper slope and lower RC,soil erodibility increases with RC increasing.While infiltration rate increases,runoff rate and soil erodibility decreases with RC increasing when RC is higher.The appropriate RC can change the roughness of slope surface and reduce the soil erodibility.A significant negative linear correlation exists between Reynolds number of runoff and soil erodibility on the slope with rock fragments cover.Quantitative analysis of linear relationship between Reynolds number and soil erodibility can reflect hydrodynamics process of saline-sodic soil on slope surface,which is of significance to building a prediction model of sediment transport in saline-sodic soil slope.
引文
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[19]郭太龙,王全九,王力,等.黄土坡面水力学特征参数与土壤侵蚀量间关系研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):7-11.GUO Tailong,WANG Quan Jiu,WANG Li,et al.Relationship between hydraulic characteristics and soil erosion amount on loess slope[J].Science of soil and water conservation,2008,6(4):7-11.(in Chinese)
[2]ACAULINE S,BEN-HURL M.Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing[J].Catena,2006,66(3):211-220.
[3]CAO L,ZHANG K,DAI H,et al.Modeling Interrill Erosion on unpaved roads in the loess plateau of China[J].Land degradation&development,2015,26(8):825-832.
[4]刘青泉,李家春,陈力,等.坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学(Ⅱ)-土壤侵蚀[J].力学进展,2004,34(4):493-506.LIU Qingquan,LI Jiachun,CHEN Li,et al.Dynamics of overland flow and soil erosion(Ⅱ)-soil erosion[J].Advances in mechanics,2004,34(4):493-506.(in Chinese)
[5]FIGUEIREDO T D,POESEN J.Effects of surface rock fragment characteristics on interrill runoff and erosion of a silty loam soil[J].Soil&tillage research,1998,46(1-2):81-95.
[6]MANDAL U K,RAO K V,MISHRA P K,et al.Soil infiltration,runoff and sediment yield from a shallow soil with varied stone cover and intensity of rain[J].European journal of soil science,2005,56(4):435-443.
[7]KINNELL P.Runoff as a factor influencing experimentally determined interrill erodibilities[J].Soil research,1993,31(3):333-342.
[8]ZHANG X C,NEARING M A,NORTON L D,et al.Modeling interrill sediment delivery[J].Soil science society of America journal,1998,62(2):438-444.
[9]SUAREZ D L,WOOD J D,LESCH S M.Effect of SARon water infiltration under a sequential rain-irrigation management system[J].Agricultural water management,2006,86(1/2):150-164.
[10]KIM J,IVANOV V Y.On the nonuniqueness of sediment yield at the catchment scale:The effects of soil antecedent conditions and surface shield[J].Water resources research,2014,50(2):1025-1045.
[11]POESEN J,LAVEE H.Rock fragments in top soils:significance and processes[J].Catena,1994,23(1/2):1-28.
[12]和继军,蔡强国,刘松波.次降雨条件下坡度对坡面产流产沙的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1263-1268.HE Jijun,CAI Qiangguo,LIU Songbo.Effects of slpoe gradient on slope runoff and sediment yield under different single rainfall conditions[J].Chinese journal of applied ecology,2012,23(5):1263-1268.(in Chinese)
[13]郑加兴,佘冬立,徐翠兰,等.不同雨强和坡度条件海涂盐土边坡侵蚀细沟发育过程[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(4):313-318.ZHENG Jiaxing,SHE Dongli,XU Cuilan,et al.Evolution process of erosion rill on saline soil slope in coastal reclamation with different rainfall intensities and slope gradients[J].Journal of Hohai University(natural sciences),2015,43(4):313-318.(in Chinese)
[14]张光辉.坡面水蚀过程水动力学研究进展[J].水科学进展,2001,12(3):395-402.ZHANG Guanghui.Advances in study of runoff detachment processes based on hydraulics[J].Advances in water science,2001,12(3):395-402.(in Chinese)
[15]SHE D,LIU D,MENG J,et al.Hydrological responses on saline-sodic soil slopes in a coastal reclamation area of China[J].Catena,2016,144:130-140.
[16]LIU D,SHE D.Can rock fragment cover maintain soil and water for saline-sodic soil slopes under coastal reclamation?[J].Catena,2017,151:213-224.
[17]MARTíNEZ-Zavala L,JORDáN A.Effect of rock fragment cover on interrill soil erosion from bare soils in Western Andalusia,Spain[J].Soil use&management,2008,24(1):108-117.
[18]LORENA M Zavala,ANTONIO Jordán,Nicolás Bellinfante,et al.Relationships between rock fragment cover and soil hydrological response in a Mediterranean environment[J].Soil science&plant nutrition,2010,56(1):95-104.
[19]郭太龙,王全九,王力,等.黄土坡面水力学特征参数与土壤侵蚀量间关系研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):7-11.GUO Tailong,WANG Quan Jiu,WANG Li,et al.Relationship between hydraulic characteristics and soil erosion amount on loess slope[J].Science of soil and water conservation,2008,6(4):7-11.(in Chinese)