燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组烟气氮氧化物的排放规律
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摘要
针对燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行过程中排放黄烟的现象,开展了烟气污染物(NO和NO_2)浓度的现场测试,研究了联合机组运行工况和生产负荷对其排放特性及变化规律的影响。结果表明:烟气中NO浓度和氮氧化物(NOx)浓度随机组生产负荷的增大而增大,NO_2浓度以及NO_2与NOx的浓度比值(NOx构成)则随生产负荷增加而逐渐降低。联合机组在单循环和低负荷工况运行时,黄色烟羽成因是烟气中NO_2含量高造成的,与烟气中NOx浓度和NO浓度没有明确的对应关系;提高联合机组生产负荷,会减少NO_2在氮氧化物中所占的比例,有助于缓解烟气黄色烟羽的生成。此外,初步分析了燃气轮机燃烧器的运行模式,认为值班燃烧区形成的高温富氧条件是造成排放高浓度NO_2烟气的重要原因。
Pollutant concentrations(NO and NO_2) were monitored and measured for the phenomenon of the yellow smoke emissions in a gas steam combined cycle unit. Effect of the unit operation condition and production load on the pollutant emission characteristics and change rules was studied based on the monitoring results. The results show that the concentration of NO and that of nitrogen oxides(NOx)increase, the concentration of NO_2 and the concentration ratio of NO_2 to NOx(nitrogen oxides composition)gradually decrease with the increase of production load. The yellow smoke plume is caused by a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the flue gas, and is no direct relation with the concentration of NO and NOx, when the combined cycle unit is in the stage of the single cycle and low-load operation. The proportion of NO_2 in nitrogen oxides can be decreased by increasing the production load, which is helpful to reduce the generation of the yellow smoke plume. In addition, the operating mode of burner is preliminarily analyzed, and the high-temperature and oxygen-rich condition formed in the on-duty combustion area is considered to be an important cause of high NO_2 emission.
Pollutant concentrations(NO and NO_2) were monitored and measured for the phenomenon of the yellow smoke emissions in a gas steam combined cycle unit. Effect of the unit operation condition and production load on the pollutant emission characteristics and change rules was studied based on the monitoring results. The results show that the concentration of NO and that of nitrogen oxides(NOx)increase, the concentration of NO_2 and the concentration ratio of NO_2 to NOx(nitrogen oxides composition)gradually decrease with the increase of production load. The yellow smoke plume is caused by a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the flue gas, and is no direct relation with the concentration of NO and NOx, when the combined cycle unit is in the stage of the single cycle and low-load operation. The proportion of NO_2 in nitrogen oxides can be decreased by increasing the production load, which is helpful to reduce the generation of the yellow smoke plume. In addition, the operating mode of burner is preliminarily analyzed, and the high-temperature and oxygen-rich condition formed in the on-duty combustion area is considered to be an important cause of high NO_2 emission.
引文
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[2]樊慧,段兆芳,单卫国.我国天然气发电发展现状及前景展望[J].中国能源, 2015, 37(2):37-42.FAN Hui, DUAN Zhaofang, SHAN Weiguo. Status of China natural gas and power generation development and its prospects[J]. Energy of China, 2015, 37(2):37-42.
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部.火电厂大气污染物排放标准:GB13223—2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2011.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants:GB13223—2011[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.
[4] GE Power System. Dry low NOx 2.6+combustion system 9FA/9FB gas turbines[R]. New York:GE Power System, 2013.
[5]唐振浩,张海洋,曹生现.变负荷工况下NOx排放量预测控制[J].化工进展, 2018, 37(1):343-349.TANG Zhenghao, ZHANG Haiyang, CAO Shengxian. Model predictive control of NOx emission under variable load condition[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(1):343-349.
[6]宋波,王峰,林惠,等. M701F型燃气轮机启机过程污染物排放规律研究[J].燃气轮机技术, 2016, 29(1):59-63,17.SONG Bo, WANG Wei, LIN Hui, et al. Study on pollutant discharge rules during start-up process for M701F gas turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 2016, 29(1):59-63,17.
[7]杨飏.氮氧化物减排技术与烟气脱硝工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2007.YANG Yang. Nitrogen oxide emission reduction technology and flue gas denitrification project[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2007.
[8]谢刚,祁海鹰,李宇红,等. R0110重型燃气轮机燃烧室污染排放性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(20):51-57.XIE Gang, QI Haiying, LI Yuhong, et al. Emission performance of the dry low NOx combustors for R0110 heavy-duty gas turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(20):51-57.
[9] ALADAWY A S, LEE J G, ABDELNABI B. Effect of turbulence on NOx emission in a lean perfectly-premixed combustor[J]. Fuel, 2017,208:160-167.
[10] BASHTANI J, SEDDIGHI S, JOVEIN B I. Control of nitrogen oxide formation in power generation using modified reaction kinetics and mixing[J]. Energy, 2018, 145:567-581.
[11] KHIDR K I, ELDRAINY Y A, KASSABY M M. Towards lower gas turbine emissions:flameless distributed combustion[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 67:1237-1266.
[12]卢广法.西门子F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组培训教材[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2014.LU Guangfa. Siemens F-class gas-steam combined cycle generator training materials[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press, 2014.
[13]高和利. LNG电厂烟气排放品质分析[J].燃气轮机技术, 2008, 21(4):60-62.GAO Heli. Analysis on the quality on the flue gas emissions of LNG power plant[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 2008, 21(4):60-62.
[14]王卫群,华伟,孙虹.燃气轮机烟囱冒“黄烟”原因分析及解决对策[J].电力科技与环保, 2016, 32(1):33-35.WANG Weiqun, HUA Wei, SUN Hong. The causes and solutions of gas turbine chimney emission yellow smoke[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2016, 32(1):33-35.
[15]周杨军,潘勇进. 9FA燃机启动过程烟囱可见黄烟问题探析[J].发电与空调, 2015, 36(5):7-10.ZHOU Yangjun, PAN Yongjin. Discussion of yellow plume mitigation during 9FA gas turbine starting-up[J]. Power Generation&Air Condition, 2015, 36(5):7-10.
[16]国家环境保护总局.固定污染源排气中氮氧化物的测定——盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法:HJ/T43—1999[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1999.State Environmental Protection Administration. Tationary source emission—determination of nitrogen oxide-N-(1-naphtyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride spectrophotometric method:HJ/T43—1999[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1999.
[17]中华人民共和国环境保护部.环境空气氮氧化物(一氧化氮和二氧化氮)的测定——盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法:HJ479—2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2009.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Ambient air—determination of nitrogen oxides-N-(1-naphthyl)ethylene diamine dihydrochloride spectrophotometric method:HJ479—2009[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2009.
[18]国家环境保护总局.固定污染源排气中颗粒物测定与气态污染物采样方法:GB/T 16157—1996[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996.State Environmental Protection Administration. Determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source:GB/T 16157—1996[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1996.
[19]中华人民共和国环境保护部.固定污染源烟气(SO2、NOx、颗粒物)排放连续监测技术规范:HJ 75—2017[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2017.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Specifications for continuous emissions monitoring of SO2, NOx,and articulate matter in the flue gas emitted from stationary sources:HJ 75—2017[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2017.
[20]郭强,周玉兵,刘殿河,等. V94.3A型燃气轮机氮氧化物排放规律研究[J].燃气轮机技术, 2018, 31(2):56-59.GUO Qiang, ZHOU Yubing, LIU Dianhe, et al. Study on Nitrogen Oxide Emissions for V94.3A Gas Turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology,2018, 31(2):56-59.