砒砂岩区不同退耕还林措施土壤颗粒及交换性能分布特征
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摘要
为研究砒砂岩区退耕还林还草措施下林地和草地的土壤结构及土壤交换性能对其措施的响应,选取柠条林、油松林、小叶杨林和本氏针茅草地为研究对象,并以荞麦坡耕地为对照,通过野外取样与室内试验相结合的方式,采用分形理论探究土壤粒径分布(PSD)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和交换性盐基总量(ECEC)及其组成(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))的分布特征,并分析其相关性关系。结果表明:(1)实施退耕还林措施后,草地和林地的PSD分布范围、非均一性、离散程度均高于坡耕地,且柠条林的土壤粉粒含量、PSD分布范围的增幅效果最显著(P<0.05);土壤剖面垂直层次上,草地有利于增加表层土壤的细粒组分和粒径的分布范围,而林地更有利于对深层土壤粒径的改良与细化;(2)研究区交换性盐基组成主要以碱土金属为主(Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)),不同措施的土壤ECEC和CEC值由大到小依次为柠条林>油松林>小叶杨林>草地>坡耕地。草地表层土壤交换性能优于底层土壤,而林地与之相反;(3)黏、粉粒和细砂是决定研究区土壤交换性能的细粒土壤和粗粒土壤,粉粒是CEC、ECEC的主要贡献因子,多重分形维数可较好地描述土壤交换性能与土壤颗粒间的关系。不同措施以柠条林对土壤颗粒组成和土壤交换性能的改良效果最优。
In order to study the response of soil structure and soil exchangeable capacity of forest and grass to different measures of Grain for Green Project in Pisha sandstone area, we selected Pinus tabuliformis forest(YS), Caragana korshinskii forest(NT), Populus simonii forest(XY) and Stipa bungeana grassland(ZM) as the research objects and buckwheat slope farmland(QM) as the control. Multi-fractal theory was used to determine the soil particle size distribution(PSD), which measured the fractions of CEC, ECEC and the composition of ECEC(Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)), as well as their distribution status and their correlations.The results showed that:(1) The PSD distribution, heterogeneity and dispersion of grassland and woodland were higher than those of sloping farmland after the implementation of conversion of cropland to forest. In the different soil profiles. Grassland was conducive to increasing the distribution range of fine-grained components and particle size of surface soil. However, in the improvement of the above indicators, woodland was more conducive to the deep soil. Moreover, the increase of soil silt contents and PSD distribution range in Caragana korshinskii forest were the most significant among all the measures(P < 0.05).(2)In terms of soil exchangeability, alkaline earth metals(Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)) were the main components of exchangeable base in the studied area. The CEC and ECEC values of soil under different measures were ranked as NT > YS > XY > ZM > QM. The exchangeable capacity of grassland surface soil was better than that bottom soil, while that of woodland was opposite.(3)Clay, silt and fine sand were the fine-grained soils and coarse-grained soils that determine soil exchangeable capacity in the studied area, and silt content was the main contributing factor of CEC and ECEC values. Multifractal dimension could well describe the relationship between soil exchangeable capacity and soil particles. It was found that among all the measures of Grain for Green Project, Caragana korshinskii had the best improvement effect on soil particle composition and soil exchangeable performance.
In order to study the response of soil structure and soil exchangeable capacity of forest and grass to different measures of Grain for Green Project in Pisha sandstone area, we selected Pinus tabuliformis forest(YS), Caragana korshinskii forest(NT), Populus simonii forest(XY) and Stipa bungeana grassland(ZM) as the research objects and buckwheat slope farmland(QM) as the control. Multi-fractal theory was used to determine the soil particle size distribution(PSD), which measured the fractions of CEC, ECEC and the composition of ECEC(Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)), as well as their distribution status and their correlations.The results showed that:(1) The PSD distribution, heterogeneity and dispersion of grassland and woodland were higher than those of sloping farmland after the implementation of conversion of cropland to forest. In the different soil profiles. Grassland was conducive to increasing the distribution range of fine-grained components and particle size of surface soil. However, in the improvement of the above indicators, woodland was more conducive to the deep soil. Moreover, the increase of soil silt contents and PSD distribution range in Caragana korshinskii forest were the most significant among all the measures(P < 0.05).(2)In terms of soil exchangeability, alkaline earth metals(Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)) were the main components of exchangeable base in the studied area. The CEC and ECEC values of soil under different measures were ranked as NT > YS > XY > ZM > QM. The exchangeable capacity of grassland surface soil was better than that bottom soil, while that of woodland was opposite.(3)Clay, silt and fine sand were the fine-grained soils and coarse-grained soils that determine soil exchangeable capacity in the studied area, and silt content was the main contributing factor of CEC and ECEC values. Multifractal dimension could well describe the relationship between soil exchangeable capacity and soil particles. It was found that among all the measures of Grain for Green Project, Caragana korshinskii had the best improvement effect on soil particle composition and soil exchangeable performance.
引文
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[18] 董莉丽,郑粉莉.纸坊沟流域不同土地利用类型下的土壤粒径多重分形研究[J].土壤,2010,42(2):302-308.
[19] 张莉,吴斌,丁国栋,等.毛乌素沙地沙柳与柠条根系分布特征对比[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(3):158-161.
[20] Yüksek T,Yüksek F.The effects of restoration on soil properties in degraded land in the semi-arid region of Turkey [J].Catena,2011,84(1/2):47-53.
[21] 黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22] 章明奎,朱祖祥.粉粒对土壤阳离子交换量的影响[J].土壤肥料,1993(4):41-43.
[23] 孙海东,刘备,吴炳孙,等.橡胶树人工林地土壤酸度特征及酸化原因分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):49-54.
[2] 魏彬萌,赵宣.添加砒砂岩对风沙土性质的改良及时间效应[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):16-21.
[3] 姚俊娜,秦奋.基于GIS和RS的砒砂岩区生态环境质量综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):193-197,345.
[4] Hazelton P,Murphy B.Interpreting soil test results what do all the numbers mean [M] Australia:Csrios Publishing,2007.
[5] Saidi D.Importance and role of cation exchange capacity on the physicals properties of the cheliff saline soils (Algeria) [J].Procedia Engineering,2012,33:435-449.
[6] 王文艳,张丽萍,刘俏.黄土高原小流域土壤阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因子[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):123-127.
[7] 黄尚书,叶川,钟义军,等.不同土地利用方式对红壤坡地土壤阳离子交换量及交换性盐基离子的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(2):72-77.
[8] Khaledian Y,Brevik E C,Pereira P,et al.Modeling soil cation exchange capacity in multiple countries[J].Catena,2017,158:194-200.
[9] Montero E.Rényi dimensions analysis of soil particle-size distributions [J].Ecological Modelling,2005,182:305-315.
[10] 代豫杰,郭建英,董智,等.不同沙生灌木下土壤颗粒及重金属空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4809-4818.
[11] 姜林,耿增超,李珊珊,等.祁连山西水林区土壤阳离子交换量及盐基离子的剖面分布[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3368-3377.
[12] Li Y,Li M,Horton R.Single and joint multifractal analysis of soil particle size distributions [J].Pedosphere,2011,21:75-83.
[13] 张瑶,邓小华,杨丽丽,等.不同改良剂对酸性土壤的修复效应[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):330-334.
[14] 李晓丽,苏雅,齐晓华,等.高原丘陵区砒砂岩土壤特性的实验分析研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(1):315-318.
[15] Kassa H,Dondeyne S,Poesen J,et al.Impact of deforestation on soil fertility,soil carbon and nitrogen stocks:The case of the Gacheb catchment in the White Nile Basin,Ethiopia [J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,247:273-282.
[16] 董莉丽,马孝燕,胡丹,等.吴起县退耕还林样地土壤粒径分布的单一和多重分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(7):111-115.
[17] 张玉革,梁文举,姜勇.不同利用方式下潮棕壤交换性钙镁的剖面分布[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):813-818.
[18] 董莉丽,郑粉莉.纸坊沟流域不同土地利用类型下的土壤粒径多重分形研究[J].土壤,2010,42(2):302-308.
[19] 张莉,吴斌,丁国栋,等.毛乌素沙地沙柳与柠条根系分布特征对比[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(3):158-161.
[20] Yüksek T,Yüksek F.The effects of restoration on soil properties in degraded land in the semi-arid region of Turkey [J].Catena,2011,84(1/2):47-53.
[21] 黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22] 章明奎,朱祖祥.粉粒对土壤阳离子交换量的影响[J].土壤肥料,1993(4):41-43.
[23] 孙海东,刘备,吴炳孙,等.橡胶树人工林地土壤酸度特征及酸化原因分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):49-54.