ABR-MBR反硝化除磷工艺的启动及稳定运行
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摘要
以低C/N值生活污水为处理对象,重点考察了以厌氧/缺氧(A/A)运行的ABR耦合好氧MBR系统启动过程中脱氮除磷特性及系统长期运行的稳定性.结果表明,控制ABR容积负荷(VLR)为0. 8 kg·(m3·d)-1,污泥回流比为80%,硝化液回流比从150%逐步提升稳定至300%,反硝化除磷功能区污泥停留时间(sludge retention time,SRT)为25 d,MBR溶解氧(DO)为1～2 mg·L~(-1),温度为30℃±2℃,于46 d成功富集了反硝化聚磷菌(denitrifying phosphorus bacteria,DPBs),净释磷量为20. 56 mg·L~(-1),净吸磷量达到27. 74 mg·L~(-1),批次实验表明约84. 8%的聚磷菌(PAOs)能够利用NO-3-N作为电子受体进行反硝化除磷.启动成功后稳定运行50 d,对COD、NH+4-N、TN和PO_4~(3-)-P的平均去除率分别为91. 8%、99. 0%、71. 5%和94. 2%,系统缺氧反硝化除磷去除1 mg·L~(-1)的PO_4~(3-)-P,同步消耗约0. 83 mg·L~(-1)的NO-3-N,满足同步脱氮除磷的要求.
The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics during the start-up and the long-term operational stability of an anaerobic/anoxic( A/A) ABR coupled aerobic MBR system treating low C/N domestic wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the denitrifying phosphorus bacteria( DPBs) were successfully enriched within 46 d by controlling the nitrate recycling ratio( increasing from 150% to 300%),with a temperature of 30℃ ± 2℃,volume loading rate of 0. 8 kg·( m3·d)-1 and sludge reflux ratio of 80% in the ABR,sludge retention time( SRT) in the denitrifying phosphorus removal functional area of 25 d,and the dissolved oxygen( DO) of 1-2 mg·L~(-1) in the MBR. The net phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake of DPBs reached 20. 56 mg·L~(-1) and 27. 74 mg·L~(-1),respectively. Batch tests demonstrated that about 84. 8% of phosphorus-accumulating organisms( PAOs)could use NO-3-N as an electron acceptor for denitrifying phosphorus removal. After 50 d of stable operation after the successful system start-up,the average removal rates of COD,NH+4-N,TN,and PO_4~(3-)-P were 91. 8%,99. 0%,71. 5%,and 94. 2%,respectively.The results also suggested that 0. 83 mg·L~(-1) NO-3-N was consumed per 1 mg·L~(-1) PO_4~(3-)-P removed during the denitrifying phosphorus removal,indicating that the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was achieved in the ABR-MBR system.
The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics during the start-up and the long-term operational stability of an anaerobic/anoxic( A/A) ABR coupled aerobic MBR system treating low C/N domestic wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the denitrifying phosphorus bacteria( DPBs) were successfully enriched within 46 d by controlling the nitrate recycling ratio( increasing from 150% to 300%),with a temperature of 30℃ ± 2℃,volume loading rate of 0. 8 kg·( m3·d)-1 and sludge reflux ratio of 80% in the ABR,sludge retention time( SRT) in the denitrifying phosphorus removal functional area of 25 d,and the dissolved oxygen( DO) of 1-2 mg·L~(-1) in the MBR. The net phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake of DPBs reached 20. 56 mg·L~(-1) and 27. 74 mg·L~(-1),respectively. Batch tests demonstrated that about 84. 8% of phosphorus-accumulating organisms( PAOs)could use NO-3-N as an electron acceptor for denitrifying phosphorus removal. After 50 d of stable operation after the successful system start-up,the average removal rates of COD,NH+4-N,TN,and PO_4~(3-)-P were 91. 8%,99. 0%,71. 5%,and 94. 2%,respectively.The results also suggested that 0. 83 mg·L~(-1) NO-3-N was consumed per 1 mg·L~(-1) PO_4~(3-)-P removed during the denitrifying phosphorus removal,indicating that the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was achieved in the ABR-MBR system.
引文
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[2] Wang Y Y,Geng J J,Ren Z J,et al. Effect of anaerobic reaction time on denitrifying phosphorus removal and N2O production[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5674-5684.
[3] Carvalho G, Lemos P C, Oehmen A, et al. Denitrifying phosphorus removal:linking the process performance with the microbial community structure[J]. Water Research,2007,41(19):4383-4396.
[4] Oehmen A, Lemos P C, Carvalho G, et al. Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal:from micro to macro scale[J]. Water Research,2007,41(11):2271-2300.
[5] Baeza J A,Gabriel D, Lafuente J. Improving the nitrogen removal efficiency of an A2/O based WWTP by using an on-line knowledge based expert system[J]. Water Research,2002,36(8):2109-2123.
[6] Kuba T, van Loosdrecht M C M, Brandse F A, et al.Occurrence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria in modified UCT-type wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research,1997,31(4):777-786.
[7] Kuba T,Murnleitner E,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. A metabolic model for biological phosphorus removal by denitrifying organisms[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1996,52(6):685-695.
[8] Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,Heijnen J J. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J]. Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[9]王梅香,赵伟华,王淑莹,等. A2N2双污泥系统反硝化除磷工艺的启动与稳定[J].化工学报,2016,67(7):2987-2997.Wang M X,Zhao W H,Wang S Y,et al. Startup and stability of A2N2double sludge system denitrifying phosphorus removal process[J]. CISEC Journal,2016,67(7):2987-2997.
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[11]张为堂,侯锋,刘青松,等. AA-BAF连续流反硝化除磷系统的运行性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):4087-4092.Zhang W T,Hou F,Liu Q S,et al. Performance of a continuous denitrifying phosphorous removal system:anaerobic/anoxic process integrated with BAF(AA-BAF)[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):4087-4092.
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[13] Brown P,Ong S K,Lee Y W. Influence of anoxic and anaerobic hydraulic retention time on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination,2011,270(1-3):227-232.
[14] Ng W J,Ong S L,Hu J Y. Denitrifying phosphorus removal by anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology,2001,43(3):139-146.
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[17] Liu Y,Chen Y G,Zhou Q. Effect of initial pH control on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater containing acetic and propionic acids[J]. Chemosphere,2007,66(1):123-129.
[18] Wachtmeister A,Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge[J]. Water Research,1997,31(3):471-478.
[19] Dai H L,Lu X W,Peng L H,et al. Enrichment culture of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge and its microbial community analysis[J]. Environmental Technology,2017,38(22):2800-2810.
[20]程继辉,吴鹏,程朝阳,等.基于优质碳源提供的CAMBR复合工艺短程硝化-反硝化除磷研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4539-4545.Cheng J H,Wu P,Cheng C Y,et al. Shortcut nitrosationdenitrifying phosphorus removal based on high-quality carbon source in combined process of CAMBR[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4539-4545.
[21]吕亮,尤雯,张敏,等.硝化液回流比对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷效能的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1309-1315.LüL,You W,Zhang M,et al. Effect of NO-x-Nrecycling ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency in the ABR-MBR combined process[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1309-1315.
[22]王梅香,赵伟华,王淑莹,等. A2N2系统反硝化除磷性能的优化及稳定运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3311-3320.Wang M X, Zhao W H, Wang S Y, et al. Denitrifying phosphorus removal performance optimization and stable operation of A2N2system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(11):3311-3320.
[23]张淼,彭永臻,张建华,等.进水C/N对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1366-1375.Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Zhang J H,et al. Effect of influent C/N ratios on denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics in the A2/O-BCO process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1366-1375.
[24] Comeau Y,Hall K J,Hancock R E W,et al. Biochemical model for enhanced biological phosphorus removal[J]. Water Research,1986,20(12):1511-1521.
[25]熊付娟.反硝化除磷污泥除磷脱氮特性及菌群结构研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Xiong F J. Denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics and microbial community structure of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[26] Zafiriadis I, Ntougias S, Nikolaidis C, et al. Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms population and nitrite reductase gene diversity shift in a DEPHANOX-type activated sludge system fed with municipal wastewater[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2011,111(2):185-192.
[27] Chen Y Z,Peng C Y,Wang J H,et al. Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a novel anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)-biological aerated filter(BAF)system[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5722-5727.
[28]乔卫敏,周振,王罗春,等.反硝化聚磷菌应用现状及其影响因素分析[J].水处理技术,2013,39(9):6-9.Qiao W M,Zhou Z,Wang L C,et al. Application status and influencing factors analysis of the denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2013,39(9):6-9.
[29] Zhou S Q,Zhang X J,Feng L Y. Effect of different types of electron acceptors on the anoxic phosphorus uptake activity of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):1603-1610.
[30] Wang Y Y,Peng Y Z,Stephenson T. Effect of influent nutrient ratios and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a two-sludge sequencing batch reactor process[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(14):3506-3512.
[31] Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Wang C,et al. Optimization denitrifying phosphorus removal at different hydraulic retention times in a novel anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation process[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,106:26-36.
[32]张建华,王淑莹,张淼,等.不同反应时间内碳源转化对反硝化除磷的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):989-997.Zhang J H,Wang S Y,Zhang M,et al. Effect of conversion of internal carbon source on denitrifying phosphorus removal under different reaction time[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(3):989-997.
[33]杨杰,李冬,罗亚红,等. SBR后置缺氧反硝化除磷的启动及去除性能[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1376-1383.Yang J,Li D,Luo Y H,et al. The start-up and performance of denitrifying phosphorus removal process in a post-anoxic SBR system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1376-1383.
[34]蒋轶锋.短程反硝化除磷工艺特征及运行效能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.Jiang Y F. Study on characteristics and performance of short-cut denitrifying dephosphatation[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.
[2] Wang Y Y,Geng J J,Ren Z J,et al. Effect of anaerobic reaction time on denitrifying phosphorus removal and N2O production[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5674-5684.
[3] Carvalho G, Lemos P C, Oehmen A, et al. Denitrifying phosphorus removal:linking the process performance with the microbial community structure[J]. Water Research,2007,41(19):4383-4396.
[4] Oehmen A, Lemos P C, Carvalho G, et al. Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal:from micro to macro scale[J]. Water Research,2007,41(11):2271-2300.
[5] Baeza J A,Gabriel D, Lafuente J. Improving the nitrogen removal efficiency of an A2/O based WWTP by using an on-line knowledge based expert system[J]. Water Research,2002,36(8):2109-2123.
[6] Kuba T, van Loosdrecht M C M, Brandse F A, et al.Occurrence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria in modified UCT-type wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research,1997,31(4):777-786.
[7] Kuba T,Murnleitner E,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. A metabolic model for biological phosphorus removal by denitrifying organisms[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1996,52(6):685-695.
[8] Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,Heijnen J J. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J]. Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[9]王梅香,赵伟华,王淑莹,等. A2N2双污泥系统反硝化除磷工艺的启动与稳定[J].化工学报,2016,67(7):2987-2997.Wang M X,Zhao W H,Wang S Y,et al. Startup and stability of A2N2double sludge system denitrifying phosphorus removal process[J]. CISEC Journal,2016,67(7):2987-2997.
[10]李观元.以丙酸为碳源的反硝化除磷工艺运行特性及影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.Li G Y. Operation characteristics and affecting factors of denitrifying phosphatation process fed with propionic[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[11]张为堂,侯锋,刘青松,等. AA-BAF连续流反硝化除磷系统的运行性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):4087-4092.Zhang W T,Hou F,Liu Q S,et al. Performance of a continuous denitrifying phosphorous removal system:anaerobic/anoxic process integrated with BAF(AA-BAF)[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):4087-4092.
[12]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术:理论与应用[M].(第二版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.Shen Y L,Wang B Z. New technologies for biological wastewater treatment:theory and application(2nd ed.)[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2006.
[13] Brown P,Ong S K,Lee Y W. Influence of anoxic and anaerobic hydraulic retention time on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination,2011,270(1-3):227-232.
[14] Ng W J,Ong S L,Hu J Y. Denitrifying phosphorus removal by anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology,2001,43(3):139-146.
[15]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16]由阳,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.强化生物除磷系统胞内聚合物测定方法优化[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(2):207-211.You Y,Peng Y Z,Wang S Y,et al. Optimization of intracellular polymer analysis for enhanced biological phosphorous removal system[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(2):207-211.
[17] Liu Y,Chen Y G,Zhou Q. Effect of initial pH control on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater containing acetic and propionic acids[J]. Chemosphere,2007,66(1):123-129.
[18] Wachtmeister A,Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge[J]. Water Research,1997,31(3):471-478.
[19] Dai H L,Lu X W,Peng L H,et al. Enrichment culture of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge and its microbial community analysis[J]. Environmental Technology,2017,38(22):2800-2810.
[20]程继辉,吴鹏,程朝阳,等.基于优质碳源提供的CAMBR复合工艺短程硝化-反硝化除磷研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4539-4545.Cheng J H,Wu P,Cheng C Y,et al. Shortcut nitrosationdenitrifying phosphorus removal based on high-quality carbon source in combined process of CAMBR[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4539-4545.
[21]吕亮,尤雯,张敏,等.硝化液回流比对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷效能的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1309-1315.LüL,You W,Zhang M,et al. Effect of NO-x-Nrecycling ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency in the ABR-MBR combined process[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1309-1315.
[22]王梅香,赵伟华,王淑莹,等. A2N2系统反硝化除磷性能的优化及稳定运行[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3311-3320.Wang M X, Zhao W H, Wang S Y, et al. Denitrifying phosphorus removal performance optimization and stable operation of A2N2system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(11):3311-3320.
[23]张淼,彭永臻,张建华,等.进水C/N对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1366-1375.Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Zhang J H,et al. Effect of influent C/N ratios on denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics in the A2/O-BCO process[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1366-1375.
[24] Comeau Y,Hall K J,Hancock R E W,et al. Biochemical model for enhanced biological phosphorus removal[J]. Water Research,1986,20(12):1511-1521.
[25]熊付娟.反硝化除磷污泥除磷脱氮特性及菌群结构研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Xiong F J. Denitrifying phosphorus removal characteristics and microbial community structure of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[26] Zafiriadis I, Ntougias S, Nikolaidis C, et al. Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms population and nitrite reductase gene diversity shift in a DEPHANOX-type activated sludge system fed with municipal wastewater[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2011,111(2):185-192.
[27] Chen Y Z,Peng C Y,Wang J H,et al. Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a novel anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)-biological aerated filter(BAF)system[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5722-5727.
[28]乔卫敏,周振,王罗春,等.反硝化聚磷菌应用现状及其影响因素分析[J].水处理技术,2013,39(9):6-9.Qiao W M,Zhou Z,Wang L C,et al. Application status and influencing factors analysis of the denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2013,39(9):6-9.
[29] Zhou S Q,Zhang X J,Feng L Y. Effect of different types of electron acceptors on the anoxic phosphorus uptake activity of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):1603-1610.
[30] Wang Y Y,Peng Y Z,Stephenson T. Effect of influent nutrient ratios and hydraulic retention time(HRT)on simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a two-sludge sequencing batch reactor process[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(14):3506-3512.
[31] Zhang M,Peng Y Z,Wang C,et al. Optimization denitrifying phosphorus removal at different hydraulic retention times in a novel anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation process[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,106:26-36.
[32]张建华,王淑莹,张淼,等.不同反应时间内碳源转化对反硝化除磷的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):989-997.Zhang J H,Wang S Y,Zhang M,et al. Effect of conversion of internal carbon source on denitrifying phosphorus removal under different reaction time[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(3):989-997.
[33]杨杰,李冬,罗亚红,等. SBR后置缺氧反硝化除磷的启动及去除性能[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1376-1383.Yang J,Li D,Luo Y H,et al. The start-up and performance of denitrifying phosphorus removal process in a post-anoxic SBR system[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1376-1383.
[34]蒋轶锋.短程反硝化除磷工艺特征及运行效能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.Jiang Y F. Study on characteristics and performance of short-cut denitrifying dephosphatation[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.