致密砂岩气储层有效性识别和定量评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为例
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摘要
储层有效性识别和定量评价是制约致密砂岩油气勘探的关键难题。以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为研究对象,从储层非均质性研究入手,开展砂岩微观—岩芯—测井尺度的细致观测,将含气储层砂岩划分为三种主要的岩石相,其中贫塑性颗粒岩屑石英砂岩构成了物性和含气性相对较好的有效储集岩石。运用薄片和岩芯数据标定不同岩石相的常规测井响应,建立了基于主成分统计分析的有效储集岩石测井识别模型,认识了有效储层的空间分布规律。将储层有效性研究从微观尺度的岩石相描述拓展到宏观尺度的量化表征,实现了致密砂岩气有效储集空间分布的定量评价。
Identification of reservoir availability and quantitative assessment are some of the most critical issues in tight sand oil and gas exploration. Multiple analysis scales from the microscale, drill core to well logging have been conducted to examine the reservoir heterogeneity of the first member of the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin. Three sandstone petrofacies have been defined in the gas reservoirs. Ductile grain-lean sublitharenite forms reservoir rocks with good petrophysics and gas show. A model based on principal component analysis has been constructed to predict high-quality reservoir rocks and understand their spatial distribution patterns using well logs corrected from thin section and drill core data. The micro-scale description of the petrofaceis has been upscaled for field-scale characterization, and the availability of tight gas sandstone reservoir has been quantitatively assessed.
Identification of reservoir availability and quantitative assessment are some of the most critical issues in tight sand oil and gas exploration. Multiple analysis scales from the microscale, drill core to well logging have been conducted to examine the reservoir heterogeneity of the first member of the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin. Three sandstone petrofacies have been defined in the gas reservoirs. Ductile grain-lean sublitharenite forms reservoir rocks with good petrophysics and gas show. A model based on principal component analysis has been constructed to predict high-quality reservoir rocks and understand their spatial distribution patterns using well logs corrected from thin section and drill core data. The micro-scale description of the petrofaceis has been upscaled for field-scale characterization, and the availability of tight gas sandstone reservoir has been quantitatively assessed.
引文
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(1)延长石油研究院.延长探区上古生界天然气成藏特征研究[R].2013.
[2] 邹才能,张国生,杨智,等. 非常规油气概念、特征、潜力及技术:兼论非常规油气地质学[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):385-399,454. [Zou Caineng, Zhang Guosheng, Yang Zhi, et al. Geological concepts, characteristics, resource potential and key techniques of unconventional hydrocarbon: On unconventional petroleum geology[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(4): 385-399, 454.]
[3] Law B E. Basin-centered gas systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(11): 1891-1919.
[4] 蒋凌志,顾家裕,郭彬程. 中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理[J]. 沉积学报,2004,22(1):13-21. [Jiang Lingzhi, Gu Jiayu, Guo Bincheng. Characteristics and mechanism of low permeability clastic reservoir in Chinese petroliferous basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(1): 13-21.]
[5] 张哨楠. 致密天然气砂岩储层:成因和讨论[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):1-10,18. [Zhang Shaonan. Tight sandstone gas reservoirs: Their origin and discussion[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2008, 29(1): 1-10, 18.]
[6] 邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等. “连续型”油气藏及其在全球的重要性:成藏、分布与评价[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2009,36(6):669-682. [Zou Caineng, Tao Shizhen, Yuan Xuanjun, et al. Global importance of “continuous” petroleum reservoirs: accumulation, distribution and evaluation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009, 36(6): 669-682.]
[7] Meckel L D, Thomasson M R. Pervasive tight-gas sandstone reservoirs: an overview[C]//Cumella S P, Shanley K W, Camp W K. understanding, exploring, and developing tight-gas sands—2005 Vail Hedberg conference. Tulsa, OK: AAPG Hedberg Series, 2008, 3: 13-27.
[8] Schmoker J W. Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(11): 1993-1999.
[9] 蔡希源. 深层致密砂岩气藏天然气富集规律与勘探关键技术:以四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组天然气勘探为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):707-714. [Cai Xiyuan. Gas accumulation patterns and key exploration techniques of deep gas reservoirs in tight sandstone: an example from gas exploration in the Xujiahe Formation of the western Sichuan depression, the Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(6): 707-714.]
[10] Vavra C L, Scheihing M H, Klein J D. Reservoir geology of the Taylor Sandstone in the Oak Hill Field, Rusk County, Texas: integration of petrology, sedimentology, and log analysis for delineation of reservoir quality in a tight-gas sand[C]//Sneider R, Massell W, Mathis R, et al. The integration of geology, geophysics, petrophysics and petroleum engineering in reservoir delineation, description and management—Proceedings of the First Archie Conference. Tulsa, OK: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1991: 130-158.
[11] Rushing J A, Newsham K E, Blasingame T A. Rock typing: keys to understanding productivity in tight gas sands[C]//SPE unconventional reservoirs conference. Keystone, Colorado: SPE, 2008.
[12] 张响响,邹才能,陶士振,等. 四川盆地广安地区上三叠统须家河组四段低孔渗砂岩成岩相类型划分及半定量评价[J]. 沉积学报,2010,28(1):50-57. [Zhang Xiangxiang, Zou Caineng, Tao Shizhen, et al. Diagenetic Facies Types and semiquantitative evaluation of low porosity and permeability sandstones of the fourth member Xujiahe Formation Guang'an area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(1): 50-57.]
[13] Ozkan A, Cumella S P, Milliken K L, et al. Prediction of lithofacies and reservoir quality using well logs, Late Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation, Mamm Creek field, Piceance Basin, Colorado[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011, 95(10): 1699-1723.
[14] 石玉江,肖亮,毛志强,等. 低渗透砂岩储层成岩相测井识别方法及其地质意义:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8段储层为例[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(5):820-828. [Shi Yujiang, Xiao Liang, Mao Zhiqiang, et al. An identification method for diagenetic facies with well logs and its geological significance in low-permeability sandstones: A case study on Chang 8 reservoirs in the Jiyuan region, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(5): 820-828.]
[15] 操应长,葸克来,赵贤正,等. 廊固凹陷沙四上亚段储层成岩相及其测井识别[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(11):4183-4194. [Cao Yingchang, Xi Kelai, Zhao Xianzheng, et al. Reservoir diagenetic facies and its logging identification of Es4s in Langgu Sag[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2015, 46(11): 4183-4194.]
[16] 罗晓容,王忠楠,雷裕红,等. 特超低渗砂岩油藏储层非均质性特征与成藏模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地西部延长组下组合为例[J]. 石油学报,2016,37(增刊1):87-98. [Luo Xiaorong, Wang Zhongnan, Lei Yuhong, et al. Heterogeneity characteristics and accumulation model of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the lower part of Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin, China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(Suppl.1): 87-98.]
[17] Cao B F, Luo X R, Zhang L K, et al. Diagenetic evolution of deep sandstones and multiple-stage oil entrapment: a case study from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the Fukang sag, central Junggar Basin (NW China)[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 152: 136-155.
[18] 张金亮,司学强,梁杰,等. 陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响[J]. 沉积学报,2004,22(2):225-233. [Zhang Jinliang, Si Xueqiang, Liang Jie, et al. Diagenesis of lacustrine deltaic sandstones and its impact on reservoir quality[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(2): 225-233.]
[19] 李红,柳益群,刘林玉. 鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组长81低渗透储层成岩作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):209-217. [Li Hong, Liu Yiqun, Liu Linyu. Diagenesis of Chang 81 reservoir with low permeability in Xifeng oilfield, Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(2): 209-217.]
[20] 季汉成,翁庆萍,杨潇. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部下二叠统山西组山2段成岩相划分及展布[J]. 古地理学报,2008,10(4):409-418. [Ji Hancheng, Weng Qingping, Yang Xiao. Division and distribution of diagenetic facies of the member 2 of Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2008, 10(4): 409-418.]
[21] 赖锦,王贵文,王书南,等. 碎屑岩储层成岩相研究现状及进展[J]. 地球科学进展,2013,28(1):39-50. [Lai Jin, Wang Guiwen, Wang Shunan, et al. Research status and advances in the diagenetic facies of clastic reservoirs[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013, 28(1): 39-50.]
[22] 王香增,任来义. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区油气勘探理论与实践进展[J]. 石油学报,2016,37(S1):79-86. [Wang Xiangzeng, Ren Laiyi. Advances in theory and practice of hydrocarbon exploration in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(S1): 79-86.]
[23] 周进松,王念喜,赵谦平,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长探区上古生界天然气成藏特征[J]. 天然气工业,2014,34(2):34-41. [Zhou Jinsong, Wang Nianxi, Zhao Qianping, et al. Natural gas accumulation characteristics in the Upper Paleozoic in the Yanchang exploration block of southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(2): 34-41.]
[24] 杨俊杰. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002. [Yang Junjie. Tectonic evolution and oil-gas reservoirs distribution in Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2002.]
[25] 田在艺,张春庆. 中国含油气沉积盆地论[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1996. [Tian Zaiyi, Zhang Chunqing. Chinese petroliferous basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1996.]
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