芍药、白芍、赤芍的历代本草考证浅析
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摘要
通过梳理考证历代本草专著对芍药、白芍、赤芍的记载,可知芍药之名始载于《神农本草经》,经魏晋南北朝-隋唐五代-宋金元-明-清代时期的继承和发展,赤白二芍的区别逐渐被认识。分析历代各本草著作对芍药性味功效的发展脉络和各个时期性味功效的内涵,可知赤芍与白芍虽分为两种药物,但两药性味较一致,由始载于《神农本草经》的"苦,平",到《名医别录》的"酸,平、微寒",到《本草经集注》《新修本草》《千金翼方》《经史证类备急本草》《本草纲目》《本草备要》的"苦、酸,平、微寒"。明晰了两者的区别主要在功效方面:白补赤泻;白收赤散;白芍敛阴益营,主补无泻;赤芍散邪行血,破积泄降。经对比,古代本草著作记载的赤芍、白芍主治功效与《中华人民共和国药典》(2015年版一部)基本相同。
Paeonia Lactiflora including Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra used ad Chinese materia medica had a long history. Through textual research on Chinese herbal medical classics among different regions, it can be seen that Shen Nong's Bencao Jing from the Han dynasties is the origin classic about Paeonia Lactiflora. With the inheritance and development of herbal medical classics in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties-Sui and Tang dynasties-Song Jinyuan dynasties-Ming dynasties-Qing dynasties, the different effect of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra were gradually recognized. Based on the analysis of the effect, nature and flavor of Paeonia Lactiflora, it can be seen that Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra have the same flavor recorded by herbal medical literatures among different regions, such as ‘bitter, plain' in Shen Nong's Bencao Jing; "sour, plain and slightly cold" in Mingyi Bielu, "bitter, sour, plain and slightly cold" in Bencaojing Jizhu, Xinxiu Bencao, Qianjin Yifang, Jing Shi Zheng Lei Bei Ji Ben Cao, Bencao Gangmu, Bencao Jizhu. However, there are differences in the efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. The efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Rubra is to emphasize reduce evil, clear heat and cool blood, promote blood circulation and relieve pain. By comparison, the therapeutic effect of Radix Paeoniae Alba is to reinforce Yin, tonify blood, smooth and soften liver.These efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra are consistent with recordation in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2015 edition).
Paeonia Lactiflora including Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra used ad Chinese materia medica had a long history. Through textual research on Chinese herbal medical classics among different regions, it can be seen that Shen Nong's Bencao Jing from the Han dynasties is the origin classic about Paeonia Lactiflora. With the inheritance and development of herbal medical classics in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties-Sui and Tang dynasties-Song Jinyuan dynasties-Ming dynasties-Qing dynasties, the different effect of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra were gradually recognized. Based on the analysis of the effect, nature and flavor of Paeonia Lactiflora, it can be seen that Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra have the same flavor recorded by herbal medical literatures among different regions, such as ‘bitter, plain' in Shen Nong's Bencao Jing; "sour, plain and slightly cold" in Mingyi Bielu, "bitter, sour, plain and slightly cold" in Bencaojing Jizhu, Xinxiu Bencao, Qianjin Yifang, Jing Shi Zheng Lei Bei Ji Ben Cao, Bencao Gangmu, Bencao Jizhu. However, there are differences in the efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. The efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Rubra is to emphasize reduce evil, clear heat and cool blood, promote blood circulation and relieve pain. By comparison, the therapeutic effect of Radix Paeoniae Alba is to reinforce Yin, tonify blood, smooth and soften liver.These efficacy of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra are consistent with recordation in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2015 edition).
引文
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[14]明·李时珍.本草纲目.北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:589-592
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[17]清·张锡纯.医学衷中参本录.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:74-76
[18]刘晓龙,刘大培,尚志均.白芍、赤芍的本草考证.中国药学杂志,1993,28(10):626-628
[19]彭华胜,王德群.赤白芍划分的本草学源流.中华医史杂志,2007,37(3):133-136
[20]谷建军,贾立龙,李海波.芍药性味辨.吉林中医药,2011,31(6):560-561
[21]江海涛,张友乾.芍药酸苦性味辨析.长春中医药大学学报,2011,27(4):664-665
[2]马继兴.神农本草经辑注.北京:人民卫生出版社,1995:68-70
[3]朱文浩,吕雪梅.《伤寒杂病论》之芍药考辨.云南中医药学报,2005,28(2):23
[4]刘玉莹,杨军.经方中芍药的运用.中国民族民间医药,2016,25(20):4-5
[5]魏·吴普.吴普本草经.北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:97-98
[6]梁·陶弘景.本草经集注.上海:群联出版社,1955:32
[7]罗淳.浅谈赤芍与白芍的历史源流、划分及应用.光明中医,2011,26(11):2356-2357
[8]宋·卢多逊,李昉等撰.开宝本草.尚志钧,辑校.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1998:185
[9]宋·苏颂.本草图经.福州:福建科学出版社,1988:57
[10]宋·寇宗爽.本草衍义.北京:人民卫生出版社,1957:56
[11]元·王好古.汤液本草.崔扫麈,尤荣辑,点校.北京:人民卫生出版社,1987:74-76
[12]宋·唐慎微.经史证类备急本草.北京:人民卫生出版社,1956,377-378
[13]明·陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌.北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:97-98
[14]明·李时珍.本草纲目.北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:589-592
[15]清·汪昂.本草备要.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:51-52
[16]清·黄官绣.本草求真.北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:85-86
[17]清·张锡纯.医学衷中参本录.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:74-76
[18]刘晓龙,刘大培,尚志均.白芍、赤芍的本草考证.中国药学杂志,1993,28(10):626-628
[19]彭华胜,王德群.赤白芍划分的本草学源流.中华医史杂志,2007,37(3):133-136
[20]谷建军,贾立龙,李海波.芍药性味辨.吉林中医药,2011,31(6):560-561
[21]江海涛,张友乾.芍药酸苦性味辨析.长春中医药大学学报,2011,27(4):664-665