古代中国社会转型期的治国理念
|
摘要
战国秦汉社会先后经历了生产转型、制度转型和意识形态转型三个前后相依的历史阶段。在生产、制度转型阶段,居主导地位的是以国家强力控制为特征、以功利主义为价值观的治国理念,道德主义、中庸之道的治国理念不被主流政治家接受。制度转型完成以后,国家强力控制、功利主义治国理念直接导致了政治危机。在这种背景下,先是出现了以"无为而治"为表现形式的放任主义政治理念,随着新问题的出现,又发生了意识形态转型,中庸之道的治国理念成为官方意识形态,社会转型全面完成。当代中国社会转型仍处于制度转型阶段,意识形态转型尚处萌芽状态。"历史是一面镜子,鉴古知今",良有以也。
The society of Warring States and Qin and Han dynasty experienced three historical periods,which were productional transformation,institutional transformation and ideological transformation. In the periods of productional transformation and institutional transformation,the dominant governance idea takes the utilitarianism as its value,with the character of powerful control. The moralism and the doctrine of mean are not accepted by the politicians. When institutional transformation is finished,the dominant governance idea of the utilitarianism and powerful control resulted political crisis. The laissez-faire idea and govern by doing nothing that goes against nature appeared,and ideological transformation occurred. When the doctrine of mean becomes the official ideology,the social transformation finished. The social transformation of modern China is still in the period of institutional transformation and the ideological transformation is in a sprout state. The history is a mirror,in which we could see the truth of today.
The society of Warring States and Qin and Han dynasty experienced three historical periods,which were productional transformation,institutional transformation and ideological transformation. In the periods of productional transformation and institutional transformation,the dominant governance idea takes the utilitarianism as its value,with the character of powerful control. The moralism and the doctrine of mean are not accepted by the politicians. When institutional transformation is finished,the dominant governance idea of the utilitarianism and powerful control resulted political crisis. The laissez-faire idea and govern by doing nothing that goes against nature appeared,and ideological transformation occurred. When the doctrine of mean becomes the official ideology,the social transformation finished. The social transformation of modern China is still in the period of institutional transformation and the ideological transformation is in a sprout state. The history is a mirror,in which we could see the truth of today.
引文
[1]习近平致中国社会科学院中国历史研究院成立的贺信[EB/OL]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/polities/leaders/2019-01/03/c_1123942672.htm,2019-01-03.
[2]冯友兰.中国哲学史[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[3]刘泽华.先秦政治思想史[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1984.
[4]张岂之.中国思想学说史[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008.
[5]蔡尚思.十家论墨[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[6]郭沫若.十批判书[M].北京:东方出版社,1996.
[7]韦政通.中国思想史[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2003.
[8]王晓波.儒法思想论集[M].台北:时报文化出版事业有限公司,1983.
[9]高柏园.韩非哲学研究[M].台北:文津出版社有限公司,2001.
[10]韩东育.日本近世新法家研究[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[11]梁启超.先秦政治思想史[M].上海:商务印书馆,1923.
[12]刘泽华.中国古代政治思想史[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1992.
[13]蒋重跃.韩非子的政治思想[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010.
[14]杨宽.战国史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1955.
[15]宋洪兵.韩学源流[M].北京:法律出版社,2017.
[16]熊铁基.秦汉新道家略论稿[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1984.
[17]吴光.黄老之学通论[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1986.
[18]陈丽桂.秦汉时期的黄老思想[M].台北:文津出版社,1997.
[19]丁原明.黄老学论纲[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1997.
[20]余明光.黄帝四经与黄老思想[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989.
[21]王沛.黄老法理论源流考[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009.
[22]陈鼓应.管子四篇诠释——稷下道家代表作解析[M].北京:商务印书馆,2006.
[23]许建良.先秦道家的道德世界[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[24]金春峰.汉代思想史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1987.
[25]荆雨.自然与政治之间——帛书《黄帝四经》政治哲学研究[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2007.
[26]高旭.《淮南子》汉代黄老新“道治”思想研究[D].天津:南开大学,2017.
[27]张荣明.儒家政治学说的逻辑定位[N].光明日报,2017-03-11.
[2]冯友兰.中国哲学史[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[3]刘泽华.先秦政治思想史[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1984.
[4]张岂之.中国思想学说史[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008.
[5]蔡尚思.十家论墨[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[6]郭沫若.十批判书[M].北京:东方出版社,1996.
[7]韦政通.中国思想史[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2003.
[8]王晓波.儒法思想论集[M].台北:时报文化出版事业有限公司,1983.
[9]高柏园.韩非哲学研究[M].台北:文津出版社有限公司,2001.
[10]韩东育.日本近世新法家研究[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[11]梁启超.先秦政治思想史[M].上海:商务印书馆,1923.
[12]刘泽华.中国古代政治思想史[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1992.
[13]蒋重跃.韩非子的政治思想[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010.
[14]杨宽.战国史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1955.
[15]宋洪兵.韩学源流[M].北京:法律出版社,2017.
[16]熊铁基.秦汉新道家略论稿[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1984.
[17]吴光.黄老之学通论[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1986.
[18]陈丽桂.秦汉时期的黄老思想[M].台北:文津出版社,1997.
[19]丁原明.黄老学论纲[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1997.
[20]余明光.黄帝四经与黄老思想[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989.
[21]王沛.黄老法理论源流考[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009.
[22]陈鼓应.管子四篇诠释——稷下道家代表作解析[M].北京:商务印书馆,2006.
[23]许建良.先秦道家的道德世界[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[24]金春峰.汉代思想史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1987.
[25]荆雨.自然与政治之间——帛书《黄帝四经》政治哲学研究[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2007.
[26]高旭.《淮南子》汉代黄老新“道治”思想研究[D].天津:南开大学,2017.
[27]张荣明.儒家政治学说的逻辑定位[N].光明日报,2017-03-11.