杏壳生物炭对温室次生盐渍化土壤修复效应的研究
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摘要
日光温室土壤次生盐渍化是设施蔬菜生产中的主要障碍性因子。研究以温室盐渍土、杏壳生物炭和负载微生物的杏壳生物炭为主要对象,通过监测土壤培养过程中土壤溶液pH,电导率(EC),水溶性磷、水溶性钾的动态变化,以及相应处理下盐分敏感蔬菜-辣椒的发芽率,探索添加不同比例的生物炭材料对温室次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果。结果表明,经过40 d土壤培养,添加杏壳生物炭对土壤溶液pH影响不明显,但是2.5%低添加量生物炭降低土壤溶液EC值的效果最为明显,在土壤培养的整个时期,添加杏壳生物炭和负载微生物的杏壳生物炭土壤溶液EC值均显著低于CK,且微生物负载生物炭降低土壤溶液EC值的效果更好;此外,添加生物炭不仅降低了土壤水溶性磷钾的变化幅度,有利于磷钾在土壤中的固持,而且显著提高了土壤碳氮比(P <0.05);辣椒发芽率随生物炭材料添加量的增加显著提高(P <0.05),其中添加10%负载微生物的杏壳生物炭辣椒的发芽率可达90%以上,比对照提高2.3倍。综上所述,添加负载微生物的生物炭对设施菜田次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果较好。
Secondary soil salinization in greenhouse is one of the main obstacles in vegetable production. Three types of biochar materials(apricot shell biochar, that washed with deionized water, and that inoculated with microorganism)were added into the secondary salinized greenhouse soil at different rates(2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%). We investigated the dynamic variations of pH, EC, soil water soluble phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), and the effects of biochar on soil C/N and germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. The results showed that biochar had no obvious influence on the pH value of soil solution during the incubation for 40 days. The EC value in soil solution was significantly reduced after the 2.5% biochar application and it was the lowest in the treatment of apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism. Biochar materials not only mediated the extent of variation of water soluble P and K, which would increase the absorption of soluble P and K in soil solution by soil particles, but also significantly increased(P < 0.005)the soil C/N. The germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. significantly increased(P < 0.005) with the amount of biochar application. The apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism applied at a rate of 10% showed the better effect on the restoration of secondary salinized soil and increased the germination rate of Capsicum annuum L.by 2.3 folds compared with control treatment. In a conclusion, the application of apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism would help to restore the secondary soil salinization in greenhouse.
Secondary soil salinization in greenhouse is one of the main obstacles in vegetable production. Three types of biochar materials(apricot shell biochar, that washed with deionized water, and that inoculated with microorganism)were added into the secondary salinized greenhouse soil at different rates(2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%). We investigated the dynamic variations of pH, EC, soil water soluble phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), and the effects of biochar on soil C/N and germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. The results showed that biochar had no obvious influence on the pH value of soil solution during the incubation for 40 days. The EC value in soil solution was significantly reduced after the 2.5% biochar application and it was the lowest in the treatment of apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism. Biochar materials not only mediated the extent of variation of water soluble P and K, which would increase the absorption of soluble P and K in soil solution by soil particles, but also significantly increased(P < 0.005)the soil C/N. The germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. significantly increased(P < 0.005) with the amount of biochar application. The apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism applied at a rate of 10% showed the better effect on the restoration of secondary salinized soil and increased the germination rate of Capsicum annuum L.by 2.3 folds compared with control treatment. In a conclusion, the application of apricot shell biochar inoculated with microorganism would help to restore the secondary soil salinization in greenhouse.
引文
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[13]农明英,张乃明,史静,等.外源有机物料对次生盐渍化大棚土壤的改良效果[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2013, 16(6):321-325.
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[15]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(3):509-517.
[16]王林.水田土壤中氮素含量对活性有机碳变化的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2012, 3(18):94-98.
[17]姜伟.温室土壤次生盐渍化及其主要盐分对辣椒幼苗胁迫的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2010.
[18]王丹丹,郑纪勇,闫永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报, 2013, 27(2):101-109.
[2]郭文忠,刘声锋,李丁仁,等.设施蔬菜土壤次生盐渍化发生机理的研究现状与展望[J].土壤, 2004, 36(1):25-29.
[3]刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,等.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应[J].生态应用学报, 2009, 20(4):977-82.
[4]张明月.生物炭对土壤性质及作物生长的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2012.
[5]孙军娜,董陆康,徐刚,等.糠醛渣及其生物炭对盐渍土理化性质影响的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014,33(3):532-538.
[6]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2007.
[7]王萌萌,周启星.生物炭的土壤环境效应及其机制研究[J].环境化学, 2013, 32(5):768-780.
[8]梁利宝,冯鹏艳.生物炭与有机肥、无机肥配施对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(5):305-308.
[9]刘广明,杨劲松.土壤含盐量与土壤电导率及水分含量关系的试验研究[J]土壤通报, 2001, 32(S0):85-87.
[10]岳燕,郭维娜,林启美,等.加入不同量生物质炭盐渍化土壤盐分淋洗的差异与特征[J].土壤学报, 2017, 51(7):390-393.
[11] CHEN Y, YOSHIYUKI S, MASAHIKO.T Effect of biochar use on sugarcane growth, soil parameters, and groundwater quality[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2010, 48(6~7):526-530.
[12]张芙蓉,赵丽娜,张瑞,等.生物炭对盐渍化土壤改良及甜瓜生长的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2015, 31(1):54-58.
[13]农明英,张乃明,史静,等.外源有机物料对次生盐渍化大棚土壤的改良效果[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2013, 16(6):321-325.
[14]何绪生,张树清.生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15):16-25.
[15]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(3):509-517.
[16]王林.水田土壤中氮素含量对活性有机碳变化的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2012, 3(18):94-98.
[17]姜伟.温室土壤次生盐渍化及其主要盐分对辣椒幼苗胁迫的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2010.
[18]王丹丹,郑纪勇,闫永毫,等.生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J].水土保持学报, 2013, 27(2):101-109.