淮北低硫燃煤电厂粉煤灰的理化特征
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摘要
粉煤灰是我国堆放量最大的固体废弃物之一,本文采集淮北低硫燃煤电厂粉煤灰样品,测试分析了样品矿物组成和微量元素含量,探讨了低硫煤燃煤电厂粉煤灰理化特征.结果表明:(1)燃煤电厂粉煤灰中飞灰粒径主要集中在1—100μm,底渣粒径主要集中在250μm以上,除Mn元素之外,Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、V、Zn易吸附于飞灰等细颗粒物中;(2)飞灰和底渣的矿物组成含量不同,风化过程中晶格能较低的矿物易分解;(3)Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、V、Zn含量高于中国土壤背景值,具有潜在污染能力;(4)Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、V、Zn与S正相关,随着粉煤灰的自然风化,赋存在硫化物矿物中的这些微量元素将会分解进入环境,Hg由于其易挥发以及粉煤灰的吸附作用等会在粉煤灰中进一步累积.
Coal ash is one of the largest volume solid wastes in China.In this study,fly ash and bottom ash were collected from a low sulfur coal-fired power plant in Huaibei City,and their physicochemical characteristics including mineral compositions and concentrations of trace elements were measured.The results showed that:(1) The particle size of fly ash mainly distribute in the range of 1—100 μm,where as the particle size of bottom ash was mostly larger than 250 μm.Except Mn,heavy metals were easily adsorbed on the surface of fly ash.(2) The mineral compositions of fly ash and bottom ash were different,and the minerals of low lattice energy were readily decomposed.(3) The contents of Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,V,Zn in coal ash were higher than the soilbackground values of China,being the potential contaminants.(4) Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,V,Zn in coal ash had positive correlations with S; these elements would be released into the environment upon natural weathering,while Hg might be further concentrated into the fly ash due to its properties and adsorption capacity of fly ash and other factors.
Coal ash is one of the largest volume solid wastes in China.In this study,fly ash and bottom ash were collected from a low sulfur coal-fired power plant in Huaibei City,and their physicochemical characteristics including mineral compositions and concentrations of trace elements were measured.The results showed that:(1) The particle size of fly ash mainly distribute in the range of 1—100 μm,where as the particle size of bottom ash was mostly larger than 250 μm.Except Mn,heavy metals were easily adsorbed on the surface of fly ash.(2) The mineral compositions of fly ash and bottom ash were different,and the minerals of low lattice energy were readily decomposed.(3) The contents of Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,V,Zn in coal ash were higher than the soilbackground values of China,being the potential contaminants.(4) Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,V,Zn in coal ash had positive correlations with S; these elements would be released into the environment upon natural weathering,while Hg might be further concentrated into the fly ash due to its properties and adsorption capacity of fly ash and other factors.
引文
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[13]刘桂建,杨萍月,彭子成,等.煤灰基本特征及其微量元素的分布规律[J].煤炭转化,2003,26(2):81-86.LIU G J,YANG P Y,PENG Z C,et al.Characteristics of coal ash and distribution of trace elements in Yanzhou Mining District[J].Coal Conversion,2003,26(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[14]BARTONOVA L,KLIKA Z,SPEARS D A.Characterization of unburned carbon from ash after bituminous coal and lignite combustion in CFBs[J].Fuel,2007,86:455-463.
[15]赵蕾,代世峰,张勇,等.内蒙古准格尔燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰的矿物组成与特征[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1168-1172.ZHAO L,DAI S F,ZHANG Y,et al.Mineral abundances of high-alumina fly ash from the Jungar power plant,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1168-1172(in Chinese).
[16]DAI S F,ZHAO L,PENG S P,et al.Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar power plant,Inner Mongolia,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,81(4):320-332.
[17]NATH S K,MAITRA S,MUKHERJEE S,et al.Microstructural and morphological evolution of fly ash based geopolymers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,111:758-765.
[18]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.WEI F S,CHEN J S,WU Y Y,et al.Study on the background value of soil environment in China[J].Environment Science,1991,12(4):12-19(in Chinese).
[19]张晶,崔龙鹏,唐修义.淮南平圩电厂粉煤灰微量元素迁移性评价[J].环境化学,2008,27(3):387-388.ZHANG J,CUI L P,TANG X Y.The evaluation of the migration of trace elements in fly ash of Huainan Pingwei power plant[J].Environmental Chemistry,2008,27(3):387-388(in Chinese).
[20]JOHNSON A,CATALAN L J,KINRADE S D.Characterization and evaluation of fly-ash from co-combustion of lignite and wood pellets for use as cement admixture[J].Fuel,2010,89:3042-3050.
[21]SUSHIL S,VIDYA S B.Analysis of fly ash heavy metal content and disposal in three thermal power plants in India[J].Fuel,2006,85:2676-2679.
[22]龚勋.典型西部粉煤灰中重金属元素淋滤特性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.GONG X.Leaching characteristics of heavy metal in the coal ash from West China[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[23]江贻满,段钰锋,杨祥花,等.ESP飞灰对燃煤锅炉烟气汞的吸附特性[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(3):436-440.JIANG Y M,DUAN Y F,YANG X H,et al.Adsorption characterization of coal-fired flue gas mercury by ESP fly ashes[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(3):436-440(in Chinese).
[24]魏林宏,叶念军,朱春芳,等.露天堆放粉煤灰对地下水的污染研究[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(4):683-691.WEI L H,YE N J,ZHU C F,et al.Effects of air exposed coal fly ash on groundwater contamination[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2013,19(4):683-691(in Chinese).
[25]梁红姬.燃煤飞灰中汞的赋存状态及其在热处理过程中释放特征的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.LIANG H J.Study on occurrence of mercury in coal fly ash and its release characteristics in the heat treatment process[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[26]陈彦广,陆佳,韩洪晶,等.粉煤灰在环境材料中利用的研究进展[J].化学通报,2013,76(9):811-821.CHEN Y G,LU J,HAN H J,et al.Advances in environmental material utilization of fly ash[J].Chemistry Online,2013,76(9):811-821(in Chinese).
[2]XIANG W,HAN B P,ZHOU D,et al.Physicochemical properties and heavy metals leachability of fly ash from coal-fired red power plant[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22:405-409.
[3]李志华,詹松,孙友宝,等.微波消解-原子吸收法测定固体废弃物粉煤灰中的铜、钼、镍和铍含量[J].环境化学,2014,33(2):372-373.LI Z H,ZHAN S,SUN Y B,et al.Determination of Cu,Mo,Ni,Be in solid waste fly ash with microwave digestion by atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(2):372-373(in Chinese).
[4]KOUKOUZAS N,KETIKIDIS C,ITSKOS G.Heavy metal characterization of CFB-derived coal fly ash[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92:441-446.
[5]DAHL O,NURMESNIEMI H,POYLIO R,et al.Heavy metal concentrations in bottom ash and fly ash fractions from a large-sized(246MW)fluidized bed boiler with respect to their Finnish forest fertilizer limit values[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2010,91:1634-1639.
[6]MEDINA A,GAMERO P,QUEROL X,et al.Fly ash from a mexican mineral coalⅠ:Mineralogical and chemical characterization[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1):82-90.
[7]MISHRA D P,DAS S K.A study of physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of talcher coal fly ash for stowing in underground coal mines[J].Materials Characterization,2010,61(11):1252-1259.
[8]ZHENG L G,LIU G J,CHOU C.Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2008,73(1):19-26.
[9]晋晓彤,鄢国平,纪娜,等.粉煤灰合成分子筛的研究进展[J].环境化学,2015,34(11):2025-2038.JIN X T,YAN G P,JI N,et al.Synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(11):2025-2038(in Chinese).
[10]郑旺,刘桂建,郑刘根.淮北煤中12种有害微量元素在煤及其灰中的分布特征[J].地球与环境,2005,33(1):27-32.ZHENG W,LIU G J,ZHENG L G.Characteristics of the distribution and concentration of twelve harmful trace elements in coals from Huaibei coalfield[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(1):27-32(in Chinese).
[11]高连芬,刘桂建,CHOU C L,等.中国煤中硫的地球化学研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005,24(1):79-87.GAO L F,LIU G J,CHOU C L,et al.The study of sulfur geochemistry in Chinese coals[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2005,24(1):79-87(in Chinese).
[12]丁帅帅,郑刘根,程桦.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱-逐级化学提取法研究低硫煤矸石中微量元素的赋存状态及其环境效应[J].岩矿测试,2015,34(6):629-635.DING S S,ZHENG L G,CHENG H.Study on the occurrence of trace elements in low-sulfur coal gangue and their environmental effect by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry with sequential extraction procedure[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2015,34(6):629-635(in Chinese).
[13]刘桂建,杨萍月,彭子成,等.煤灰基本特征及其微量元素的分布规律[J].煤炭转化,2003,26(2):81-86.LIU G J,YANG P Y,PENG Z C,et al.Characteristics of coal ash and distribution of trace elements in Yanzhou Mining District[J].Coal Conversion,2003,26(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[14]BARTONOVA L,KLIKA Z,SPEARS D A.Characterization of unburned carbon from ash after bituminous coal and lignite combustion in CFBs[J].Fuel,2007,86:455-463.
[15]赵蕾,代世峰,张勇,等.内蒙古准格尔燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰的矿物组成与特征[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1168-1172.ZHAO L,DAI S F,ZHANG Y,et al.Mineral abundances of high-alumina fly ash from the Jungar power plant,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1168-1172(in Chinese).
[16]DAI S F,ZHAO L,PENG S P,et al.Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar power plant,Inner Mongolia,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,81(4):320-332.
[17]NATH S K,MAITRA S,MUKHERJEE S,et al.Microstructural and morphological evolution of fly ash based geopolymers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,111:758-765.
[18]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.WEI F S,CHEN J S,WU Y Y,et al.Study on the background value of soil environment in China[J].Environment Science,1991,12(4):12-19(in Chinese).
[19]张晶,崔龙鹏,唐修义.淮南平圩电厂粉煤灰微量元素迁移性评价[J].环境化学,2008,27(3):387-388.ZHANG J,CUI L P,TANG X Y.The evaluation of the migration of trace elements in fly ash of Huainan Pingwei power plant[J].Environmental Chemistry,2008,27(3):387-388(in Chinese).
[20]JOHNSON A,CATALAN L J,KINRADE S D.Characterization and evaluation of fly-ash from co-combustion of lignite and wood pellets for use as cement admixture[J].Fuel,2010,89:3042-3050.
[21]SUSHIL S,VIDYA S B.Analysis of fly ash heavy metal content and disposal in three thermal power plants in India[J].Fuel,2006,85:2676-2679.
[22]龚勋.典型西部粉煤灰中重金属元素淋滤特性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.GONG X.Leaching characteristics of heavy metal in the coal ash from West China[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[23]江贻满,段钰锋,杨祥花,等.ESP飞灰对燃煤锅炉烟气汞的吸附特性[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(3):436-440.JIANG Y M,DUAN Y F,YANG X H,et al.Adsorption characterization of coal-fired flue gas mercury by ESP fly ashes[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(3):436-440(in Chinese).
[24]魏林宏,叶念军,朱春芳,等.露天堆放粉煤灰对地下水的污染研究[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(4):683-691.WEI L H,YE N J,ZHU C F,et al.Effects of air exposed coal fly ash on groundwater contamination[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2013,19(4):683-691(in Chinese).
[25]梁红姬.燃煤飞灰中汞的赋存状态及其在热处理过程中释放特征的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.LIANG H J.Study on occurrence of mercury in coal fly ash and its release characteristics in the heat treatment process[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[26]陈彦广,陆佳,韩洪晶,等.粉煤灰在环境材料中利用的研究进展[J].化学通报,2013,76(9):811-821.CHEN Y G,LU J,HAN H J,et al.Advances in environmental material utilization of fly ash[J].Chemistry Online,2013,76(9):811-821(in Chinese).