多样vs.分裂:论中国人文地理学发展的多元性及其挑战
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摘要
从哲学、理论、方法和实践4个方面梳理了中国人文地理学内部的多元性,并区分了这些多元性的性质,即哪些是缺乏交流和整合的"散见"、哪些是需要统一和弥合的"歧见"、哪些是认识局限导致的"偏见"。据此建议加强中国人文地理学研究的问题意识和原创性理论研究;减少对"主义"的过度推崇和对方法的盲目崇拜;加强定性方法和定量方法的交流及论证过程的严谨性;在政策取向上取得"求真"和"务实"的平衡;提高学科发展的自信和对不同研究视角的包容。此外,应该在研究选题、杂志建设和奖项设置等操作层面推动人文地理学的理论整合。
In last 40 years, Chinese Human Geography has made great achievements in terms of the integrity of disciplinary system, number of research in geographical journals, and social and political impacts of Human Geography graduates. However, there are also many challenges in the development of Chinese Human Geography. The most salient one is the pluralism of Chinese human geographical studies, which leads to the blurred definition, undermined identification and reduced impact of human geography. The article tries to scrutinize and distinguish the types of pluralism in Chinese Human Geography in the aspects of philosophy, theory, method and practice. 3 types of pluralism are summarized and their implications for the future studies are discussed,i.e. the dispersed disagreements(sanjian) which require more communication and integration, the divided ideas(qijian) which need to be unified and bridged, and narrow prejudice(pianjian) which should be dispelled and opened up. This article suggests that Chinese Human Geography should enhance consciousness of raising good research questions and develop more original theories, abandon the excessive worship of new doctrines and methods, promote the communication and combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, improve the rigor of arguments, balance"realistic"and"pragmatic"orientations in policy-making, and integrate diverse research perspectives. We also provide some detailed practical recommendations in future research directions and disciplinary development.
In last 40 years, Chinese Human Geography has made great achievements in terms of the integrity of disciplinary system, number of research in geographical journals, and social and political impacts of Human Geography graduates. However, there are also many challenges in the development of Chinese Human Geography. The most salient one is the pluralism of Chinese human geographical studies, which leads to the blurred definition, undermined identification and reduced impact of human geography. The article tries to scrutinize and distinguish the types of pluralism in Chinese Human Geography in the aspects of philosophy, theory, method and practice. 3 types of pluralism are summarized and their implications for the future studies are discussed,i.e. the dispersed disagreements(sanjian) which require more communication and integration, the divided ideas(qijian) which need to be unified and bridged, and narrow prejudice(pianjian) which should be dispelled and opened up. This article suggests that Chinese Human Geography should enhance consciousness of raising good research questions and develop more original theories, abandon the excessive worship of new doctrines and methods, promote the communication and combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, improve the rigor of arguments, balance"realistic"and"pragmatic"orientations in policy-making, and integrate diverse research perspectives. We also provide some detailed practical recommendations in future research directions and disciplinary development.
引文
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(1)这里使用“多元性”是为了保持中性态度,避免“多样性”或“分裂”这样带有倾向性和预判的词语。
[2]陆大道,郭来喜.地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统——论吴传钧院士的地理学思想与学术贡献[J].地理学报,1998, 53(2):3-11.[Lu Dadao, Guo Laixi. Man-earth areal system——The core of geographical study:On the geographical thoughts and academic contributions of academician Wu Chuanjun. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1998, 53(2):3-11.]
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[10]汤茂林.我国人文地理学研究的若干基本意识问题[J].人文地理, 2010, 25(4):1-6.[Tang Maolin. The methodological issues of human geography researches in mainland China. Human Geography, 2010, 25(4):1-6.]
[11]王丰龙,刘云刚.空间和尺度视角下的人文地理学要义再考[M]//地理学核心问题与主线.乌鲁木齐:中国地理学会2011年学术年会,2011.[Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Rethinking the key concepts in human geography from the perspective of space and scale. The key questions and principle lines in Geography. Urumqi:The Geographical Society of China 2011 Anual Conference, 2011:4.]
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[13]周素卿.台湾人文地理学的研究进程:知识生产特性与学科进步性之探讨[J].都市与计划(中国台湾), 2002, 29(2):265-289.[Zhou Suqing. The research process of human geography in Taiwan:the study of the characteristics of knowledge production and the progress of the subject. City and Planning(Taiwan,China), 2002,29(2):265-289.]
[14]刘云刚,许学强.中国地理学的二元结构[J].地理科学, 2008,28(5):587-593.[Liu Yungang, Xu Xueqiang. Duality of Chinese geography. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008, 28(5):587-593.]
[15]叶超,蔡运龙.区域地理与系统地理二元论的演变及其透析[J].地理研究, 2012, 31(5):771-781.[Ye Chao, Cai Yunlong.Causes and effects of dualism between regional geography and systematic geography. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(5):771-781.]
[16]汤茂林.问题主导还是方法主导?——对我国人文地理学研究的方法论思考[J].人文地理, 2013, 28(5):19-23.[Tang Maolin. Problem-dominated versus method-dominated? The reflection on the methodology of human geography research in mainland China. Human Geography, 2013, 28(5):19-23.]
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(1)这里使用“多元性”是为了保持中性态度,避免“多样性”或“分裂”这样带有倾向性和预判的词语。