三电平并网逆变器恒定开关频率的模型预测控制
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摘要
传统的有限控制集模型预测控制存在开关频率不固定的缺点,这给并网逆变器输出滤波器的设计带来了很大的困难。针对这个问题,提出了一种三电平并网逆变器恒定开关频率的模型预测控制策略。该控制策略将预测最优开关序列控制用于三电平并网逆变器中,并对其寻优方式进行改进。改进的方式是通过找出使目标函数最小的中心矢量来对最优开关序列所在的小扇区进行定位。仿真和实验结果表明,所提控制策略不仅能够在实现定频控制的基础上有效减少计算量,而且具有良好的静态和动态性能。
Traditional FCS-MPC(Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control) cannot provide a constant switching frequency,which brings huge difficulties to the design of output filter. To address this issue,a CSF-MPC(Constant Switching Frequency Model Predictive Control) for three-level grid-connected inverters is proposed. The proposed algorithm applies the predicted optimal switch sequence control to three-level grid-connected inverters,and improves its optimization strategy. This improved method is to locate the small sector where the optimal switching sequence is located by searching the center vector that minimizes the objective function. The simulative and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can not only provide fixed frequency with reduced computation cost,but also exhibit satisfactory static and dynamic performance.
Traditional FCS-MPC(Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control) cannot provide a constant switching frequency,which brings huge difficulties to the design of output filter. To address this issue,a CSF-MPC(Constant Switching Frequency Model Predictive Control) for three-level grid-connected inverters is proposed. The proposed algorithm applies the predicted optimal switch sequence control to three-level grid-connected inverters,and improves its optimization strategy. This improved method is to locate the small sector where the optimal switching sequence is located by searching the center vector that minimizes the objective function. The simulative and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can not only provide fixed frequency with reduced computation cost,but also exhibit satisfactory static and dynamic performance.
引文
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[15] SEBAALY F,KANAAN H Y.New voltage vector generation method for a MPC algorithm with constant switching frequency operation[C]//2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics(ISIE).Edinburgh,UK:IEEE,2017:1692-1698.
[16] SEBAALY F,VAHEDI H,KANAAN H Y,et al.Model predictive controller with fixed switching frequency for a 3L-NPC inverter[C]//IECON 2016-42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Florence,Italy:IEEE,2016:6506-6511.
[17] RAFAL G.Predictive control of three-level DC/AC inverter fed PMSM with torque ripple minimization and constant switching frequency[C]//2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications(EPE'17 ECCE Europe).Warsaw,Poland:IEEE,2017:1-9.
[18] MA J,SONG W,WANG X,et al.Low-complexity model predictive control of single-phase three-level rectifiers with unbalanced load [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(10):8936-8947.
[19] STOLZE P,LANDSMANN P,KENNEL R,et al.Finite-set model predictive control with heuristic voltage vector preselection for higher prediction horizons[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Birmingham,UK:IEEE,2011:1-9.
[20] RODRIGUEZ J,KAZMIERKOWSKI M P,ESPINOZA J R,et al.State of the art of finite control set model predictive control in power electronics[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013,9(2):1003-1016.
[2] 方刚,杨勇,卢进军,等.三相光伏并网逆变器电网高阻抗谐振抑制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(2):109-116.FANG Gang,YANG Yong,LU Jinjun,et al.Resonance suppression method of high impedance power grid for three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(2):109-116.
[3] 吕建国,吴馥云,胡文斌,等.动态搜索调节调制波偏置的SPWM三电平逆变器中点电压平衡控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(12):73-79.Lü Jianguo,WU Fuyun,HU Wenbing,et al.Modulation wave offset adjustment by dynamic search to balance neutral-point voltage of three-level SPWM inverter[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(12):73-79.
[4] 申张亮,郑建勇,梅军.基于改进虚拟空间矢量调制方法的中点箝位型三电平逆变器电容电压平衡问题[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(3):79-84.SHEN Zhangliang,ZHENG Jianyong,MEI Jun.Capacitor potential balancing of neutral-point clamped three-level inverter based on improved virtual space vector PWM[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(3):79-84.
[5] SONG Z,XIA C,LIU T.Predictive current control of three-phase grid-connected converters with constant switching frequency for wind energy systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electro-nics,2013,60(6):2451-2464.
[6] 尚磊,孙丹,胡家兵,等.三相电压型并网逆变器预测直接功率控制[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(7):216-222.SHANG Lei,SUN Dan,HU Jiabing,et al.Predictive direct power control of three-phase grid-connected voltage-sourced inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(7):216-222.
[7] PANTEN N,HOFFMANN N,FUCHS F W.Finite control set model predictive current control for grid-connected voltage-source conver-ters with LCL filters:a study based on different state feedbacks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(7):5189-5200.
[8] ZHANG Y,QU C.Model predictive direct power control of PWM rectifiers under unbalanced network conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(7):4011-4022.
[9] 沈坤,章兢,王坚.一种多步预测的变流器有限控制集模型预测控制算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(33):37- 44.SHEN Kun,ZHANG Jing,WANG Jian.A model predictive control scheme of multi-step prediction finite control set for converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(33):37- 44.
[10] VARGAS R,CORTES P,AMMANN U,et al.Predictive control of a three-phase neutral-point-clamped inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(5):2697-2705.
[11] RIAR B S,SCOLTOCK J,MADAWALA U K.Model predictive direct slope control for power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(3):2278-2289.
[12] 高逍男,陈希有.一种改进的永磁同步电机模型预测控制[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(4):197-202.GAO Xiaonan,CHEN Xiyou.Improved model predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motor[J].Electric Power Automa-tion Equipment,2017,37(4):197-202.
[13] VAZQUEZ S,MARQUEZ A,AGUILERA R,et al.Predictive optimal switching sequence direct power control for grid-connected power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(4):2010-2020.
[14] DONOSO F,MORA A,CARDENAS R,et al.Finite-set model predictive control strategies for a 3L-NPC inverter operating with fixed switching frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electro-nics,2018,65(5):3954-3965.
[15] SEBAALY F,KANAAN H Y.New voltage vector generation method for a MPC algorithm with constant switching frequency operation[C]//2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics(ISIE).Edinburgh,UK:IEEE,2017:1692-1698.
[16] SEBAALY F,VAHEDI H,KANAAN H Y,et al.Model predictive controller with fixed switching frequency for a 3L-NPC inverter[C]//IECON 2016-42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Florence,Italy:IEEE,2016:6506-6511.
[17] RAFAL G.Predictive control of three-level DC/AC inverter fed PMSM with torque ripple minimization and constant switching frequency[C]//2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications(EPE'17 ECCE Europe).Warsaw,Poland:IEEE,2017:1-9.
[18] MA J,SONG W,WANG X,et al.Low-complexity model predictive control of single-phase three-level rectifiers with unbalanced load [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(10):8936-8947.
[19] STOLZE P,LANDSMANN P,KENNEL R,et al.Finite-set model predictive control with heuristic voltage vector preselection for higher prediction horizons[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Birmingham,UK:IEEE,2011:1-9.
[20] RODRIGUEZ J,KAZMIERKOWSKI M P,ESPINOZA J R,et al.State of the art of finite control set model predictive control in power electronics[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013,9(2):1003-1016.