儿童性安全教育现状及干预研究进展
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摘要
分析中外儿童性安全教育现状及其影响因素,探讨国际上广泛认可的理论模型(公共健康模型和社会生态系统模型)和相关干预措施,从各国儿童不同的性安全教育体系:以儿童为中心的性安全体系、以父母为中心的性安全体系、以娈童癖患者为中心的性安全体系中评价实施效果和不足,结合中国现存的社会医疗体系和国情,综合利用社区、学校等多方面资源,为构建中国合理、有效的儿童性安全教育体系提供意见。
We analyzed current situation of education on sex safety among children and its influencing factors in China and in foreign countries and explored internationally accepted theoretical model for sex safety education, including public health model and social ecological system model, and measures of intervention on child sexual abuse. We also introduced systems of sex safety education for children such as child-centered, parents-centered, and pedophile-centered system in various countries and discussed application efficiency and deficiency of those systems. We suggested that resources in communities, schools and other institutions should be comprehensively utilized to establish a reasonable and efficient system for sex safety education among children under contemporary medication system and social environment in China.
We analyzed current situation of education on sex safety among children and its influencing factors in China and in foreign countries and explored internationally accepted theoretical model for sex safety education, including public health model and social ecological system model, and measures of intervention on child sexual abuse. We also introduced systems of sex safety education for children such as child-centered, parents-centered, and pedophile-centered system in various countries and discussed application efficiency and deficiency of those systems. We suggested that resources in communities, schools and other institutions should be comprehensively utilized to establish a reasonable and efficient system for sex safety education among children under contemporary medication system and social environment in China.
引文
[1]徐萌,尚金萍,王琪超.青少年儿童性安全防护现状及体系研究[J].中国性科学,2017(9):156-160.
[2]Mathews B,Collin-Vézina D.Child sexual abuse:toward a conceptual model and definition[J].Trauma Violence Abuse,2017,12(3):736-7142.
[3]Hudson K.Preventing child sexual abuse through education:the work of Stop it Now!Wales[J].Journal of Sexual Aggression,2018,10(3):1-15.
[4]Zeuthen K,Hagelskj?r M.Prevention of child sexual abuse:analysis and discussion of the field[J].Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,2013,22(6):742-760.
[5]曹晋,薛跃规.广西偏远地区留守儿童预防性侵犯能力现况[J].中国性科学,2017(6):155-159.
[6]李春燕,唐昆.青少年性与生殖健康促进措施[J].中国计划生育学杂志,2016(9):580-583.
[7]汤芙蓉.性侵留守儿童犯罪高发的社会心理原因及预防对策[J].四川警察学院学报,2016,28(6):65-69.
[8]Marc B,Vangeenderhuysen C.Children:sexual abuse-overview[M]//Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine(Second Edition),Payne-James J,Byard RW,Oxford:Elsevier,2016:531-538.
[9]Satapathy S,Choudhary V,Sagar R.Tools to assess psychological trauma and its correlates in child sexual abuse:a review and current needs in Asia[J].Asian Journal of Psychiatry,2017,25:60-73.
[10]李明新.回归基础性教育:儿童成长讲“五养”[J].中小学管理,2015(2):39-40.
[11]Taylor LE,Harris HS.Stewards of children education:increasing undergraduate nursing student knowledge of child sexual abuse[J].Nurse Education Today,2018,60:147-150.
[12]Beier KM.Proactive strategies to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abuse images:The German Dunkelfeld-Project for Adults(PPD)and Juveniles(PPJ)[M].Springer International Publishing,2016:237-242.
[13]欧梦雨.农村留守儿童性教育现状的研究综述[J].智富时代,2017(5):335.
[14]涂中.小学中高年段性教育的调查研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.
[15]Seth R,Srivastava RN.Child sexual abuse:management and prevention,and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences(POCSO)Act[J].Indian Pediatr,2017,54(11):949-953.
[16]Jin Y,Chen J,Yu B.Knowledge and skills of sexual abuse prevention:a study on school-aged children in Beijing,China[J].JChild Sex Abus,2016,25(6):686-696.
[17]Rudolph J,Zimmer-Gembeck MJ,Shanley DC,et al.Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities:parenting,programs,and the reduction of risk[J].Child Maltreat,2018,23(1):96-106.
[18]Walshbuhi ER,Dao B,Salgin L,et al.Sexuality and HIVeducation in charter schools:an exploratory study with principals in San Diego County,California[J].Journal of School Health,2017,87(4):262-268.
[19]许可.我国农村幼儿性教育存在的问题、成因与对策[J].陕西学前师范学院学报,2017,33(10):46-49.
[20]Alan G.Age variation in performance among preschool children in a sexual abuse prevention program[J].Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,1994,3(1):85-102.
[21]Molnar BE,Beardslee WR.Community-level prevention of child maltreatment[M].Springer,Netherlands,2014:301-315.
[22]Skinner ML,Fleming CB,Haggerty KP,et al.Sex risk behavior among adolescent and young adult children of opiate addicts:outcomes from the focus on families prevention trial and an examination of childhood and concurrent predictors of sex risk behavior[J].Prevention Science,2014,15(S1):70-77.
[23]Karayianni E,Fanti KA,Diakidoy I,et al.Prevalence,contexts, and correlates of child sexual abuse in Cyprus[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,2017,66:41-52.
[24]Kirby DB,Baumler E,Coyle KK,et al.The “Safer Choices” intervention:its impact on the sexual behaviors of different subgroups of high school students[J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2004,35(6):442-452.
[25]Lynas J,Hawkins R.Fidelity in school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs:a systematic review[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,2017,72:10-21.
[26]Yoon S,Voith LA,Kobulsky JM.Gender differences in pathways from child physical and sexual abuse to adolescent risky sexual behavior among high-risk youth[J].Journal of Adolescence,2018,64:89-97.
[27]Sawrikar P,Katz I.Preventing child sexual abuse(CSA)in ethnic minority communities:a literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia[J].Children and Youth Services Review,2018,85:174-186.
[28]Fryda CM,Hulme PA.School-based childhood sexual abuse prevention programs:an integrative review[J].Journal of School Nursing the Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses,2015,31(3):167.
[29]Stephenson JM,Strange V,Forrest S,et al.Pupil-led sex education in England(RIPPLE study):cluster-randomized intervention trial[J].The Lancet,2004,364(9431):338-346.
[30]Masilo DT.Prevention of child sexual abuse within the family system:guidelines for an educational social group work program[J].J Child Sex Abus,2018:1-12.
[31]Kamala BA,Rosecrans KD,Shoo TA,et al.Evaluation of the Families Matter!Program in Tanzania:an intervention to promote effective parent-child communication about sex,sexuality,and sexual risk reduction[J].AIDS Educ Prev,2017,29(2):105-120.
[32]Letourneau EJ,Schaeffer CM,Bradshaw CP,et al.Preventing the onset of child sexual abuse by targeting young adolescents with universal prevention programming[J].Child Maltreatment,2016,22(2):100-111.
[33]Beier KM,Grundmann D,Kuhle LF,et al.The German Dunkelfeld Project:a pilot study to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abusive images[J].J Sex Med,2015,12(2):529-542.
[34]Levine JA,Dandamudi K.Prevention of child sexual abuse by targeting pre-offenders before first offense[J].J Child Sex Abus,2016,25(7):719-737.
[35]Spr?ber-Kolb N,Rassenhofer M,Allroggen M,et al.Research on child sexual abuse in institutions in German-speaking countries:a summary[J].Child Sexual Abuse Journal,2017:332-226.
[2]Mathews B,Collin-Vézina D.Child sexual abuse:toward a conceptual model and definition[J].Trauma Violence Abuse,2017,12(3):736-7142.
[3]Hudson K.Preventing child sexual abuse through education:the work of Stop it Now!Wales[J].Journal of Sexual Aggression,2018,10(3):1-15.
[4]Zeuthen K,Hagelskj?r M.Prevention of child sexual abuse:analysis and discussion of the field[J].Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,2013,22(6):742-760.
[5]曹晋,薛跃规.广西偏远地区留守儿童预防性侵犯能力现况[J].中国性科学,2017(6):155-159.
[6]李春燕,唐昆.青少年性与生殖健康促进措施[J].中国计划生育学杂志,2016(9):580-583.
[7]汤芙蓉.性侵留守儿童犯罪高发的社会心理原因及预防对策[J].四川警察学院学报,2016,28(6):65-69.
[8]Marc B,Vangeenderhuysen C.Children:sexual abuse-overview[M]//Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine(Second Edition),Payne-James J,Byard RW,Oxford:Elsevier,2016:531-538.
[9]Satapathy S,Choudhary V,Sagar R.Tools to assess psychological trauma and its correlates in child sexual abuse:a review and current needs in Asia[J].Asian Journal of Psychiatry,2017,25:60-73.
[10]李明新.回归基础性教育:儿童成长讲“五养”[J].中小学管理,2015(2):39-40.
[11]Taylor LE,Harris HS.Stewards of children education:increasing undergraduate nursing student knowledge of child sexual abuse[J].Nurse Education Today,2018,60:147-150.
[12]Beier KM.Proactive strategies to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abuse images:The German Dunkelfeld-Project for Adults(PPD)and Juveniles(PPJ)[M].Springer International Publishing,2016:237-242.
[13]欧梦雨.农村留守儿童性教育现状的研究综述[J].智富时代,2017(5):335.
[14]涂中.小学中高年段性教育的调查研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.
[15]Seth R,Srivastava RN.Child sexual abuse:management and prevention,and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences(POCSO)Act[J].Indian Pediatr,2017,54(11):949-953.
[16]Jin Y,Chen J,Yu B.Knowledge and skills of sexual abuse prevention:a study on school-aged children in Beijing,China[J].JChild Sex Abus,2016,25(6):686-696.
[17]Rudolph J,Zimmer-Gembeck MJ,Shanley DC,et al.Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities:parenting,programs,and the reduction of risk[J].Child Maltreat,2018,23(1):96-106.
[18]Walshbuhi ER,Dao B,Salgin L,et al.Sexuality and HIVeducation in charter schools:an exploratory study with principals in San Diego County,California[J].Journal of School Health,2017,87(4):262-268.
[19]许可.我国农村幼儿性教育存在的问题、成因与对策[J].陕西学前师范学院学报,2017,33(10):46-49.
[20]Alan G.Age variation in performance among preschool children in a sexual abuse prevention program[J].Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,1994,3(1):85-102.
[21]Molnar BE,Beardslee WR.Community-level prevention of child maltreatment[M].Springer,Netherlands,2014:301-315.
[22]Skinner ML,Fleming CB,Haggerty KP,et al.Sex risk behavior among adolescent and young adult children of opiate addicts:outcomes from the focus on families prevention trial and an examination of childhood and concurrent predictors of sex risk behavior[J].Prevention Science,2014,15(S1):70-77.
[23]Karayianni E,Fanti KA,Diakidoy I,et al.Prevalence,contexts, and correlates of child sexual abuse in Cyprus[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,2017,66:41-52.
[24]Kirby DB,Baumler E,Coyle KK,et al.The “Safer Choices” intervention:its impact on the sexual behaviors of different subgroups of high school students[J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2004,35(6):442-452.
[25]Lynas J,Hawkins R.Fidelity in school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs:a systematic review[J].Child Abuse and Neglect,2017,72:10-21.
[26]Yoon S,Voith LA,Kobulsky JM.Gender differences in pathways from child physical and sexual abuse to adolescent risky sexual behavior among high-risk youth[J].Journal of Adolescence,2018,64:89-97.
[27]Sawrikar P,Katz I.Preventing child sexual abuse(CSA)in ethnic minority communities:a literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia[J].Children and Youth Services Review,2018,85:174-186.
[28]Fryda CM,Hulme PA.School-based childhood sexual abuse prevention programs:an integrative review[J].Journal of School Nursing the Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses,2015,31(3):167.
[29]Stephenson JM,Strange V,Forrest S,et al.Pupil-led sex education in England(RIPPLE study):cluster-randomized intervention trial[J].The Lancet,2004,364(9431):338-346.
[30]Masilo DT.Prevention of child sexual abuse within the family system:guidelines for an educational social group work program[J].J Child Sex Abus,2018:1-12.
[31]Kamala BA,Rosecrans KD,Shoo TA,et al.Evaluation of the Families Matter!Program in Tanzania:an intervention to promote effective parent-child communication about sex,sexuality,and sexual risk reduction[J].AIDS Educ Prev,2017,29(2):105-120.
[32]Letourneau EJ,Schaeffer CM,Bradshaw CP,et al.Preventing the onset of child sexual abuse by targeting young adolescents with universal prevention programming[J].Child Maltreatment,2016,22(2):100-111.
[33]Beier KM,Grundmann D,Kuhle LF,et al.The German Dunkelfeld Project:a pilot study to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abusive images[J].J Sex Med,2015,12(2):529-542.
[34]Levine JA,Dandamudi K.Prevention of child sexual abuse by targeting pre-offenders before first offense[J].J Child Sex Abus,2016,25(7):719-737.
[35]Spr?ber-Kolb N,Rassenhofer M,Allroggen M,et al.Research on child sexual abuse in institutions in German-speaking countries:a summary[J].Child Sexual Abuse Journal,2017:332-226.
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