种植模式对阿克苏绿洲农田土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
土壤肥力是影响农田生态系统生产力及稳定性的重要因素,其演变的方向和程度受人类活动直接影响,探究农业种植模式与土壤肥力的相互关系对绿洲土壤生态系统的开发与保护具有重要意义。以塔里木河上游阿克苏绿洲为研究靶区,选择20年棉花连作、棉花/水稻轮作、棉花/茴香套作、棉花/打瓜套作4种不同种植模式的棉田为研究对象,综合土壤物理、化学和生物学性质利用因子分析法选取13项土壤因子评价土壤肥力状况的优劣。结果表明:种植模式和作物种类均会影响农田土壤的理化性质及酶活性,进而影响土壤肥力状况;4种种植模式下农田土壤肥力评价值排序为棉花/打瓜套作模式>水稻/棉花轮作模式>20年棉花连作>棉花/茴香套作模式。
Soil fertility is an important factor affecting the productivity and stability of farmland ecosystem. Its evolution direction and degree are directly influenced by human activities. It is of great significance to explore the relationship between agricultural planting mode and soil quality for the development and protection of oasis soil ecosystem. Taking Aksu oasis that located in the Tarim river upstream as the research target, selecting 4 different planting patterns of cotton(field sowing cotton 20 years continuously, field growing cotton/rice crop rotated, field with cotton/anise inter-planting, and field with cotton/watermelon inter-planting)as the research object, using factor analysis method to evaluate the quality of the soil by using 13 soil factors. The ranking of soil fertility evaluation under the four planting patterns was as follows: cotton/melon intercropping > rice/cotton intercropping> 20 years continuous cropping of cotton > cotton/fennel intercropping.
Soil fertility is an important factor affecting the productivity and stability of farmland ecosystem. Its evolution direction and degree are directly influenced by human activities. It is of great significance to explore the relationship between agricultural planting mode and soil quality for the development and protection of oasis soil ecosystem. Taking Aksu oasis that located in the Tarim river upstream as the research target, selecting 4 different planting patterns of cotton(field sowing cotton 20 years continuously, field growing cotton/rice crop rotated, field with cotton/anise inter-planting, and field with cotton/watermelon inter-planting)as the research object, using factor analysis method to evaluate the quality of the soil by using 13 soil factors. The ranking of soil fertility evaluation under the four planting patterns was as follows: cotton/melon intercropping > rice/cotton intercropping> 20 years continuous cropping of cotton > cotton/fennel intercropping.
引文
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[25] 王幼奇,白一茹,赵云鹏.宁夏砂田小尺度土壤性质空间变异特征与肥力评价[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(23):4566-4575.
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[27] 陈丹梅,陈晓明,梁永江,等.轮作对土壤养分、微生物活性及细菌群落结构的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):56-65.
[28] 方宇,王飞,李清华,等.连续水旱轮作对水稻冷浸田土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):515-525.
[29] Vandermeer J H.The Ecology of Intercropping Systems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989.
[30] Ilany T,Ashton M S,Montagnini F,et al.Using agroforestry to improve soil fertility:effects of intercropping on Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) plantations with Araucaria angustifolia[J].Agroforestry Systems,2010,80(3):399-409.
[31] 周泉,王龙昌,邢毅,等.间作紫云英下油菜根际土壤微生物群落功能特征[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):909-914.
[32] Qin X M,Zheng Y,Tang L,et al.Crop rhizospheric microbial community structure and functional diversity as affected by maize and potato intercropping[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2017,40(17):2402-2412.
[33] Dou F,Wright A L,Mylavarapu R S,et al.Soil enzyme activities and organic matter composition affected by 26 years of continuous cropping[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(5):618-625.
[34] 陈光荣,王立明,杨如萍,等.西北灌区薯/豆连续套作对系统产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):46-55.
[2] 陈印军,肖碧林,方琳娜,等.中国耕地质量状况分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(17):3557-3564.
[3] Tesfahunegn G B.Soil quality assessment strategies for evaluating soil degradation in northern Ethiopia[J/OL].Applied & Environmental Soil Science,2014.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/646502.2014-2-4.
[4] Viauda V,Santillàn-Carvantesa P,Akkal-Corfinia N,et al.Landscape-scale analysis of cropping system effects on soil quality in a context of crop-livestock farming[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2018,265:166-177.
[5] Hamza M A,Anderson W K.Soil compaction in cropping systems:A review of the nature,causes and possible solutions[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2005,82(2):121-145.
[6] Kiania M,Hernandez-Ramireza G,Quideaua S,et al.Quantifying sensitive soil quality indicators across contrasting long-term land management systems:Crop rotations and nutrient regimes[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2017,248:123-135.
[7] Ai C,Zhang S Q,Zhang X,et al.Distinct responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to changes in fertilization regime and crop rotation[J].Geoderma,2018,319:156-166.
[8] 罗红,普布顿珠,朱雪林,等.西藏人工造林作业区土壤肥力评价[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1507-1514.
[9] 周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.不同生态恢复措施下宁夏黄土丘陵典型草原土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):102-110.
[10] Armenise E,Redmile-Gordon M A,Stellacci A M,et al.Developing a soil quality index to compare soil fitness for agricultural use under different managements in the Mediterranean environment[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2013,130(6):91-98.
[11] Cheng J,Ding C,Li X,et al.Soil quality evaluation for navel orange production systems in central subtropical China[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2016,155:225-232.
[12] Cherubin M R,Karlen D L,Cerri C E P,et al.Soil quality indexing strategies for evaluating sugarcane expansion in Brazil[J].Plos One,2016,11(3):e0150860.
[13] 朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685.
[14] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[16] 贡璐,张海峰,吕光辉,等.塔里木河上游典型绿洲不同连作年限棉田土壤质量评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):4136-4143.
[17] Brooker R W,Karley A J,Newton A C,et al.Facilitation and sustainable agriculture:a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and conservation[J].Functional Ecology,2016,30(1):98-107.
[18] Shen J,Li C,Mi G,et al.Maximizing root/rhizosphere efficiency to improve crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency in intensive agriculture of China[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64(5):1181-1192.
[19] 宋丽萍,罗珠珠,李玲玲,等.陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(7):12-20.
[20] 邓海峰.间作栽培对薄皮甜瓜矿质营养吸收及其根际土壤特性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[21] 舒骏,江斌,成向荣,等.马尾松复层林伴生树种生长及对土壤养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(10):82-86.
[22] 沈怡斐,鄂垚瑶,阳芳,等.西瓜根系分泌物中氨基酸组分对多黏类芽孢杆菌SQR-21趋化性及根际定殖的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(1):101-108.
[23] 周爱凤,刘刚,赵荷仙.施用氮磷钾肥对球茎茴香产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(8):73-77.
[24] 雷丽,郭巧生,王长林,等.复合种植对丹参根际土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(12):2480-2488.
[25] 王幼奇,白一茹,赵云鹏.宁夏砂田小尺度土壤性质空间变异特征与肥力评价[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(23):4566-4575.
[26] 王克磊,周友和,黄宗安,等.水旱轮作对土壤性状及作物产量的影响[J].蔬菜,2017(5):21-23.
[27] 陈丹梅,陈晓明,梁永江,等.轮作对土壤养分、微生物活性及细菌群落结构的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):56-65.
[28] 方宇,王飞,李清华,等.连续水旱轮作对水稻冷浸田土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):515-525.
[29] Vandermeer J H.The Ecology of Intercropping Systems[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989.
[30] Ilany T,Ashton M S,Montagnini F,et al.Using agroforestry to improve soil fertility:effects of intercropping on Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) plantations with Araucaria angustifolia[J].Agroforestry Systems,2010,80(3):399-409.
[31] 周泉,王龙昌,邢毅,等.间作紫云英下油菜根际土壤微生物群落功能特征[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):909-914.
[32] Qin X M,Zheng Y,Tang L,et al.Crop rhizospheric microbial community structure and functional diversity as affected by maize and potato intercropping[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2017,40(17):2402-2412.
[33] Dou F,Wright A L,Mylavarapu R S,et al.Soil enzyme activities and organic matter composition affected by 26 years of continuous cropping[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(5):618-625.
[34] 陈光荣,王立明,杨如萍,等.西北灌区薯/豆连续套作对系统产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):46-55.