柘林湾海水养殖区底泥中重金属生物有效性及生态风险评价
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摘要
采集柘林湾海水养殖区8个位点表层沉积物样品,考察了沉积物样品中重金属含量、生物有效性和形态分布,并分别利用基于总量的Hakanson指数法和基于形态的风险评价指数(RAC)评价了沉积物中重金属的生态危害风险.结果表明,柘林湾海水养殖区大部分位点沉积物中重金属含量符合海洋沉积物质量Ⅰ类标准限值,少数位点Zn和Pb含量超过Ⅰ类限值但低于Ⅱ类限值.沉积物中重金属的薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT)测定浓度(C_(DGT))与间隙水中的浓度(C_(IW))对重金属生物可利用性评估状况基本一致,Zn、Ni和Pb生物可利用性较高.沉积物中Cr、Ni、Zn和Cu以残渣态为主,Cd和Pb以弱酸提取态为主.柘林湾沉积物中重金属总体存在轻度到中度生态危害风险,Cd和Pb生态危害风险较高.沉积物中Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu和Cd的C_(DGT)与其弱酸提取态含量明显正相关,重金属弱酸提取态能较好反映其生物可利用性.
The content, bioavailability and fractionation of six heavy metals were investigated in eight maricultural surface sediments from Zhelin Bay. The ecological risk of heavy metals was evaluated by Hakanson index method based on the total metal content and risk assessment code(RAC) based on metal speciation, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in most sites were below the Class Ⅰ marine sediment quality limit, while the concentration of Zn and Pb in a few sites exceeded the Class Ⅰ, but not exceeded the Class Ⅱ. The concentration of bioavailable heavy metals in sediments(C_(DGT)) measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique(DGT) were generally consistent with that in pore water, among which Zn, Ni and Pb were highly bioavailable. Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu in sediments were primarily present in the residual fraction, while Cd and Pb were mainly present in acid-extractable fraction. Conclusively, in Zhelin bay, heavy metals showed slight to moderate ecological risk, among which Cd and Pb showed higher ecological risk compared to other metals. The concentration of bioavailable Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu and Cd(C_(DGT)) were positively correlated with their acid-extractable fraction in sediments, showing that heavy metals obtained from acid-extractable fraction in sediments can indicate their bioavailability very well.
The content, bioavailability and fractionation of six heavy metals were investigated in eight maricultural surface sediments from Zhelin Bay. The ecological risk of heavy metals was evaluated by Hakanson index method based on the total metal content and risk assessment code(RAC) based on metal speciation, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in most sites were below the Class Ⅰ marine sediment quality limit, while the concentration of Zn and Pb in a few sites exceeded the Class Ⅰ, but not exceeded the Class Ⅱ. The concentration of bioavailable heavy metals in sediments(C_(DGT)) measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique(DGT) were generally consistent with that in pore water, among which Zn, Ni and Pb were highly bioavailable. Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu in sediments were primarily present in the residual fraction, while Cd and Pb were mainly present in acid-extractable fraction. Conclusively, in Zhelin bay, heavy metals showed slight to moderate ecological risk, among which Cd and Pb showed higher ecological risk compared to other metals. The concentration of bioavailable Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu and Cd(C_(DGT)) were positively correlated with their acid-extractable fraction in sediments, showing that heavy metals obtained from acid-extractable fraction in sediments can indicate their bioavailability very well.
引文
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Aleksandra B G, Eva R, Kraysztof Z. 2013. Distribution, bioavailability and fractionation of metallic elements in allotment garden soils using the BCR sequential extraction procedure[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(4): 1013-1021
Amato E D, Simpson S L, Jaromilek C V,et al. 2014. Diffusive gradients in thin films technique provide robust prediction of metal bioavailability and toxicity in estuarine sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 8(48): 4485-4494
Ardestani M M, van Straalen N M, van Gestel C. 2014. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: A review[J]. Environmental Pollution, 195:133-147
Beady J P, Kinave I, Goonetilleke A,et al. 2016. Comparison of partial extraction reagents for assessing potential bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 106(1/2): 329-334
Campana O, Simpson S L, Spadaro D A,et al. 2012. Sub-Lethal effects of copper to benthic invertebrates explained by sediment properties and dietary exposure[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(12): 6835-6842
车霏霏,甄卓,王大鹏,等. 2017. 太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的砷分布特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1623-1631
Dai Y Y, Wang H, Gao Y. 2017. Potential ecological risks of Cd for different benthos in artificial reefs[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 19(1): 91-96
Davison W, Zhang H. 1994. In situ speciation measurements of trace components in natural waters using thin-film gels[J]. Nature, 367: 546-548
Degryse F, Waegeneers N, Smolders E. 2007. Labile lead in polluted soils measured by stable isotope dilution[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 58(1): 1-7
Diao Z H, Shi T H, Wang S Z,et al. 2013. Silane-based coatings on the pyrite for remediation of acid mine drainage[J].Water Research, 47(13):4391-4402
Du S, Zhou Y Y, Zhang L. 2017. Application of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in studies on heavy metals bioaccumulation in Daya Bay food web[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(7):2327-2338
范英宏,高亮,赵国堂,等.2010.沉积物中重金属铅的释放动力学模拟[J].环境化学,30(3):587-592
Gorny J, Lesven L, Billon G,et al. 2015. Determination of total arsenic using a novel Zn-ferrite binding gel for DGT techniques: Application to the redox speciation of arsenic in river sediments[J]. Talanta, 144: 890-898
Gu Y G, Yang Y F, Lin Q. 2013. Heavy metal speciation and potential risk assessment in sediments from the mariculture areas in Baisha Bay,Nanao,Shantou [J]. Marine Environmental Science, 32(3):333-337
国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2002.海洋沉积物质量(GB 18668-2002)[S].北京:中国标准出版社
郭鹏然,牟德海,王畅,等. 2009.连续萃取法研究海湾养殖区沉积物中重金属形态[J].分析化学, 11:1645-1650
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 14(8): 975-1001
Happer M P, Davison W, Tych W. 2000. DIFS—a modelling and simulation tool for DGT induced trace metal remobilisation in sediments and soils[J]. Environment Modelling & Software, 15: 55-66
Happer M P, Davison W, Zhang H,et al. 1998. Kinetics of metal exchange between solids and solutions in sediments and soils interpreted from DGT measured fluxes[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(16): 2757-2770
Huang Z Y, Chen T, Y J,et al. 2011. Labile Cd and Pb in vegetable-growing soils estimated with isotope dilution and chemical extractants[J]. Geoderma, 160(3/4): 400-407
Ke X, Gui S F, Huang H,et al. 2017. Ecological risk assessment and source identification 1 for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area, China[J]. Chemosphere, 175: 473-509
Kenndy H V, Sanchez A L, Oughton D H,et al. 1997. Use of single and sequential chemical extractants to assess radionuclide and heavy metal availability from soils for root uptake[J]. Analyst, 122: 89-100
Kim D, Amy G, Karanfil T.2015. Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review[J].Water Research, 81:343-355
Lackovia K, Angove M J, Wells J D,et al. 2003. Modeling the adsorption of Cd(II) onto Muloorina illite and related clay minerals[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 257(1): 31-40
罗军,王晓蓉,张昊,等. 2011.梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅰ:工作原理、特性与在土壤中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报, 30(2):205-213
Luo J, Zhang H, Santner J,et al. 2010. Performance characteristics of diffusive gradients in thin films equipped with a binding gel layer containing precipitated ferrihydrite for measuring arsenic(V), selenium(VI), vanadium(V), and antimony(V)[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 82(21): 8903-8909
马鑫雨,杨浩,姚逊,等. 2016.典型养殖型湖泊中的重金属含量及健康风险特征——以宿鸭湖为例[J].环境科学学报, 36(6):2281-2289
Mcquillan J S, Kille P, Powell K,et al. 2014. The regulation of copper stress response genes in the polychaete nereis diversicolor during prolonged extreme copper contamination[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(22): 13085-13092
Ni Z X, Zhang L, Yu S,et al. 2017. The porewater nutrient and heavy metal characteristics in sediment cores and their benthic fluxes in Daya Bay, South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124:547-554
Pardo R, Barrado E, Perez L,et al. 1990. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Pisuerga River[J]. Water Reserach, 24(3): 373-379
Pruden A. 2013. Balancing water sustainability and public health goals in the face of growing concerns about antibiotic resistance[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(1): 5-14
乔敏敏,季宏兵,朱先芳,等. 2013.密云水库入库河流沉积物中重金属形态分析及风险评价[J].环境科学学报,33(12):3324-3333
乔永民,黄长江,杨扬. 2009.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究[J].热带海洋学报, 28(2):81-85
乔永民,黄长江,赵建刚. 2010.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属富集特征与环境质量评价[J].海洋环境科学,29(3):324-327
Sauve S, Hendershot W, Allen H E. 2000. Solid-Solution partitioning of metals in contaminated soils: dependence on pH, total metal burden, and organic matter[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 34(7): 1125-1131
Singh Kunwar P, Mohan D, Singh V K,et al. 2005. Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments—a tributary of the Ganges, India[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 312(1/4): 14-27
Stahl H, WarnkenK. W, Sochaczewsk L,et al. 2012. A combined sensor for simultaneous high resolution 2-D imaging of oxygen and trace metals fluxes[J]. Limnology and Oceanog raphy: Methods, 10(5): 389-401
孙照斌,邴海健,吴艳宏,等. 2009.太湖流域西氿湖沉积岩芯中重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].湖泊科学, 21(4):563-569
Tokalioglu S, Kartal S, Elci L. 2000. Determination of heavy metals and their speciation in lake sediments by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after a four-stage sequential extraction procedure[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 413(1): 33-40
王丽平,雷坤,乔艳珍. 2017.天津渤海湾近岸海域沉积物中4种常见重金属的分布及其风险分析[J].海洋环境科学, 36(5):693-698
王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等. 2016. 典型城市河流表层沉积物中汞污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学学报,36(4):1153-1159
Wang Y, Wei Y N, Guo P R,et al. 2016. Distribution variation of heavy metals in maricultural sediments and their enrichment, ecological risk and possible source—a case study from Zhelin bay in Southern China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 113(1/2): 240-246
Wang Z H, Feng J, Jiang T,et al. 2013. Assessment of metal contamination in surface sediments from Zhelin Bay, the South China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 76(1/2):383-388
Weng L P, Riensdijk W H V, Rtenninghoff E J M. 2005. Kinetic aspects of donnan membrane technique for measuring free trace cation concentration[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 77(9): 2852-2861
Xia B, Guo P R, Lei Y Q,et al. 2016. Investigating speciation and toxicity of heavy metals in anoxic marine sediments—a case study from a mariculture bay in Southern China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16(2):665-676
Yi Y J, Yang Z F, Zhang S H. 2011. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin[J]. Environmental Pollution, 159(10): 2575-2585
袁国明,何桂芳. 2015.广东柘林湾至大埕湾海域表层沉积物重金属分布与环境地球化学特征[J].地球与环境, 2:190-197
Zhang G Z, Pan Z K, Hou X W,et al. 2015. Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in food web of Nansi Lake, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73:2429-2439
Aleksandra B G, Eva R, Kraysztof Z. 2013. Distribution, bioavailability and fractionation of metallic elements in allotment garden soils using the BCR sequential extraction procedure[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(4): 1013-1021
Amato E D, Simpson S L, Jaromilek C V,et al. 2014. Diffusive gradients in thin films technique provide robust prediction of metal bioavailability and toxicity in estuarine sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 8(48): 4485-4494
Ardestani M M, van Straalen N M, van Gestel C. 2014. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: A review[J]. Environmental Pollution, 195:133-147
Beady J P, Kinave I, Goonetilleke A,et al. 2016. Comparison of partial extraction reagents for assessing potential bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 106(1/2): 329-334
Campana O, Simpson S L, Spadaro D A,et al. 2012. Sub-Lethal effects of copper to benthic invertebrates explained by sediment properties and dietary exposure[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(12): 6835-6842
车霏霏,甄卓,王大鹏,等. 2017. 太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的砷分布特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1623-1631
Dai Y Y, Wang H, Gao Y. 2017. Potential ecological risks of Cd for different benthos in artificial reefs[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 19(1): 91-96
Davison W, Zhang H. 1994. In situ speciation measurements of trace components in natural waters using thin-film gels[J]. Nature, 367: 546-548
Degryse F, Waegeneers N, Smolders E. 2007. Labile lead in polluted soils measured by stable isotope dilution[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 58(1): 1-7
Diao Z H, Shi T H, Wang S Z,et al. 2013. Silane-based coatings on the pyrite for remediation of acid mine drainage[J].Water Research, 47(13):4391-4402
Du S, Zhou Y Y, Zhang L. 2017. Application of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in studies on heavy metals bioaccumulation in Daya Bay food web[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(7):2327-2338
范英宏,高亮,赵国堂,等.2010.沉积物中重金属铅的释放动力学模拟[J].环境化学,30(3):587-592
Gorny J, Lesven L, Billon G,et al. 2015. Determination of total arsenic using a novel Zn-ferrite binding gel for DGT techniques: Application to the redox speciation of arsenic in river sediments[J]. Talanta, 144: 890-898
Gu Y G, Yang Y F, Lin Q. 2013. Heavy metal speciation and potential risk assessment in sediments from the mariculture areas in Baisha Bay,Nanao,Shantou [J]. Marine Environmental Science, 32(3):333-337
国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2002.海洋沉积物质量(GB 18668-2002)[S].北京:中国标准出版社
郭鹏然,牟德海,王畅,等. 2009.连续萃取法研究海湾养殖区沉积物中重金属形态[J].分析化学, 11:1645-1650
Hakanson L. 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 14(8): 975-1001
Happer M P, Davison W, Tych W. 2000. DIFS—a modelling and simulation tool for DGT induced trace metal remobilisation in sediments and soils[J]. Environment Modelling & Software, 15: 55-66
Happer M P, Davison W, Zhang H,et al. 1998. Kinetics of metal exchange between solids and solutions in sediments and soils interpreted from DGT measured fluxes[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(16): 2757-2770
Huang Z Y, Chen T, Y J,et al. 2011. Labile Cd and Pb in vegetable-growing soils estimated with isotope dilution and chemical extractants[J]. Geoderma, 160(3/4): 400-407
Ke X, Gui S F, Huang H,et al. 2017. Ecological risk assessment and source identification 1 for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area, China[J]. Chemosphere, 175: 473-509
Kenndy H V, Sanchez A L, Oughton D H,et al. 1997. Use of single and sequential chemical extractants to assess radionuclide and heavy metal availability from soils for root uptake[J]. Analyst, 122: 89-100
Kim D, Amy G, Karanfil T.2015. Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review[J].Water Research, 81:343-355
Lackovia K, Angove M J, Wells J D,et al. 2003. Modeling the adsorption of Cd(II) onto Muloorina illite and related clay minerals[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 257(1): 31-40
罗军,王晓蓉,张昊,等. 2011.梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅰ:工作原理、特性与在土壤中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报, 30(2):205-213
Luo J, Zhang H, Santner J,et al. 2010. Performance characteristics of diffusive gradients in thin films equipped with a binding gel layer containing precipitated ferrihydrite for measuring arsenic(V), selenium(VI), vanadium(V), and antimony(V)[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 82(21): 8903-8909
马鑫雨,杨浩,姚逊,等. 2016.典型养殖型湖泊中的重金属含量及健康风险特征——以宿鸭湖为例[J].环境科学学报, 36(6):2281-2289
Mcquillan J S, Kille P, Powell K,et al. 2014. The regulation of copper stress response genes in the polychaete nereis diversicolor during prolonged extreme copper contamination[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(22): 13085-13092
Ni Z X, Zhang L, Yu S,et al. 2017. The porewater nutrient and heavy metal characteristics in sediment cores and their benthic fluxes in Daya Bay, South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124:547-554
Pardo R, Barrado E, Perez L,et al. 1990. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Pisuerga River[J]. Water Reserach, 24(3): 373-379
Pruden A. 2013. Balancing water sustainability and public health goals in the face of growing concerns about antibiotic resistance[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(1): 5-14
乔敏敏,季宏兵,朱先芳,等. 2013.密云水库入库河流沉积物中重金属形态分析及风险评价[J].环境科学学报,33(12):3324-3333
乔永民,黄长江,杨扬. 2009.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究[J].热带海洋学报, 28(2):81-85
乔永民,黄长江,赵建刚. 2010.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属富集特征与环境质量评价[J].海洋环境科学,29(3):324-327
Sauve S, Hendershot W, Allen H E. 2000. Solid-Solution partitioning of metals in contaminated soils: dependence on pH, total metal burden, and organic matter[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 34(7): 1125-1131
Singh Kunwar P, Mohan D, Singh V K,et al. 2005. Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments—a tributary of the Ganges, India[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 312(1/4): 14-27
Stahl H, WarnkenK. W, Sochaczewsk L,et al. 2012. A combined sensor for simultaneous high resolution 2-D imaging of oxygen and trace metals fluxes[J]. Limnology and Oceanog raphy: Methods, 10(5): 389-401
孙照斌,邴海健,吴艳宏,等. 2009.太湖流域西氿湖沉积岩芯中重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].湖泊科学, 21(4):563-569
Tokalioglu S, Kartal S, Elci L. 2000. Determination of heavy metals and their speciation in lake sediments by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after a four-stage sequential extraction procedure[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 413(1): 33-40
王丽平,雷坤,乔艳珍. 2017.天津渤海湾近岸海域沉积物中4种常见重金属的分布及其风险分析[J].海洋环境科学, 36(5):693-698
王馨慧,单保庆,唐文忠,等. 2016. 典型城市河流表层沉积物中汞污染特征与生态风险[J].环境科学学报,36(4):1153-1159
Wang Y, Wei Y N, Guo P R,et al. 2016. Distribution variation of heavy metals in maricultural sediments and their enrichment, ecological risk and possible source—a case study from Zhelin bay in Southern China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 113(1/2): 240-246
Wang Z H, Feng J, Jiang T,et al. 2013. Assessment of metal contamination in surface sediments from Zhelin Bay, the South China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 76(1/2):383-388
Weng L P, Riensdijk W H V, Rtenninghoff E J M. 2005. Kinetic aspects of donnan membrane technique for measuring free trace cation concentration[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 77(9): 2852-2861
Xia B, Guo P R, Lei Y Q,et al. 2016. Investigating speciation and toxicity of heavy metals in anoxic marine sediments—a case study from a mariculture bay in Southern China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16(2):665-676
Yi Y J, Yang Z F, Zhang S H. 2011. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin[J]. Environmental Pollution, 159(10): 2575-2585
袁国明,何桂芳. 2015.广东柘林湾至大埕湾海域表层沉积物重金属分布与环境地球化学特征[J].地球与环境, 2:190-197
Zhang G Z, Pan Z K, Hou X W,et al. 2015. Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in food web of Nansi Lake, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73:2429-2439
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