两种梢斑螟幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术
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摘要
为了研究冷杉梢斑螟(Dioryctria abietella)和赤松梢斑螟(D.sylvestrella)幼虫的空间分布格局和抽样技术,并为该虫的实地调查与防治提供理论依据,应用7个聚集指标以及Iwao的m*-m回归分析法对2种梢斑螟幼虫的空间分布型和抽样技术进行了研究。结果表明:冷杉梢斑螟和赤松梢斑螟在东南西北4个方位上的分布无明显差异。在结实量较高的样地,球果被害率和每株虫口密度,冷杉梢斑螟显著高于结实量较低的样地,赤松梢斑螟则差异不显著。2种梢斑螟的7个聚集度指标均显示为聚集分布,且分布的基本成分为个体群,冷杉梢斑螟个体间相互排斥,赤松梢斑螟个体间相互吸引。聚集均数λ>2,表明聚集分布是由2种梢斑螟各自的聚集习性和环境因素的共同作用引起的。通过Iwao的m*-m回归法的2个分布参数α和β值计算出了在不同结实量下2种梢斑螟幼虫的理论抽样数据表及序贯抽样数据表,可在生产调查防治中查阅使用。综上所述,2种梢斑螟的空间分布格局均为聚集分布,但二者的个体间关系不同;不同的害虫种类有不同的防治指标,在野外调查害虫发生情况时,依据抽样数据表判断害虫发生趋势,确定并采取适当的管控措施。
Dioryctria abietella and D. sylvestrella are among the most damaging shoot/cone pest insects in the Korean pine plantations in Heilongjiang Province,China. The Iwao's patchiness regression models and seven aggregation indexes were used to analyze the data. The distributions of D. abietella and D. sylvestrella larvae in all four cardinal directions of the pine trees were not significant different. The cone damaged rates and larval densities of D. abietella in the high cone-bearing plots were significantly higher than those in the low cone-bearing plots; however,no significant differences of these two variables for D. sylvestrella were found between the high and low cone-bearing pine plots. The seven aggregation indexes showed that the larvae of both species had aggregated spatial distribution,and the basic distribution component is the individual insect.The individuals of D. abietella larvae were exclusive of each other,whereas the individuals of D. sylvestrella larvae attracted to each other on the Korean pine trees. λ>2 indicates that the aggregation distribution is likely caused by both their aggregation behaviors and environmental factors. The optimal sampling sizes and sequential sampling plans for larvae of these two moth species in different levels of cone-bearing pine stands were calculated through the Iwao's m*-m regression coefficients: α and β. Therefore,the larval spatial distribution patterns of D. abietella and D. sylvestrella were both aggregated,but their intra-specific individual relationships were different between these two Dioryctria species. Based on the sampling techniques/plans,one can estimate the moth population trends/dynamics and then take optimal measures to control these economically important pest insects.
Dioryctria abietella and D. sylvestrella are among the most damaging shoot/cone pest insects in the Korean pine plantations in Heilongjiang Province,China. The Iwao's patchiness regression models and seven aggregation indexes were used to analyze the data. The distributions of D. abietella and D. sylvestrella larvae in all four cardinal directions of the pine trees were not significant different. The cone damaged rates and larval densities of D. abietella in the high cone-bearing plots were significantly higher than those in the low cone-bearing plots; however,no significant differences of these two variables for D. sylvestrella were found between the high and low cone-bearing pine plots. The seven aggregation indexes showed that the larvae of both species had aggregated spatial distribution,and the basic distribution component is the individual insect.The individuals of D. abietella larvae were exclusive of each other,whereas the individuals of D. sylvestrella larvae attracted to each other on the Korean pine trees. λ>2 indicates that the aggregation distribution is likely caused by both their aggregation behaviors and environmental factors. The optimal sampling sizes and sequential sampling plans for larvae of these two moth species in different levels of cone-bearing pine stands were calculated through the Iwao's m*-m regression coefficients: α and β. Therefore,the larval spatial distribution patterns of D. abietella and D. sylvestrella were both aggregated,but their intra-specific individual relationships were different between these two Dioryctria species. Based on the sampling techniques/plans,one can estimate the moth population trends/dynamics and then take optimal measures to control these economically important pest insects.
引文
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[12]王建军,栾庆书,金若忠,等.单波长太阳能灯诱杀微红梢斑螟[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(1):117-119.
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[14]俞琳锋,黄华国,泽桑梓,等.云南松林两种切梢小蠹成虫蛀梢期的空间分布格局[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(6):940-946.
[15]高贺,韩宪琪,冯安荣,等.不同抗性小麦品种上麦红吸浆虫幼虫的空间分布型与理论抽样数[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1138-1145.
[16]张利荷,周祥,陈泰龙,等.两种蚂蚁在橡胶树上的空间分布类型及其竞争[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3424-3429.
[17]丁岩钦.昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[18]JACTEL H,GOULARD M,MENASSIEU P,et al.Habitat diversity in forest plantations reduces infestations of the pine stem borer Dioryctria sylvestrella[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,39(4):618-628.
[19]吴磊,玉舒中,常明山,等.微红梢斑螟蛀孔在马尾松上空间分布研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(1):193-198.
[2]臧楠.吉林省梢斑螟属Dioryctria spp.及其为害红松的4种梢斑螟生物学的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[3]GLYNN C,WESLIEN J.Bacillus thuringiensis Variety kurstaki×aizawai applied to spruce flowers reduced Dioryctria abietella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)infestation without affecting seed quality[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2004,97(6):1836-1841.
[4]王平远,宋士美.中国赤松梢斑螟种团的种类订正(鳞翅目:螟蛾科,斑螟亚科)[J].昆虫学报,1985,28(3):302-313.
[5]王琪,严善春,徐波.红松的化学防御及冷杉梢斑螟和赤松梢斑螟的生存策略[J].林业科学,2012,48(7):79-85.
[6]HERVJ,KLEINHENTZ M,MARPEAU-BEZARD A,et al.Terpene variations in maritime pine constitutive oleoresin related to host tree selection by Dioryctria sylvestrella RATZ(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1996,22(5):1037-1050.
[7]NARANJO S E,FLINT H M.Spatial distribution of adult Bemisia tabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)in cotton and development and validation of fixed-precision sampling plans for estimating population density[J].Environmental Entomology,1995,24(2):261-270.
[8]CARBAJO A E,CURTO S I,SCHWEIGMANN N J.Spatial distribution pattern of oviposition in the mosquito Aedes aegypti in relation to urbanization in buenos aires:southern fringe bionomics of an introduced vector[J].Medical&Veterinary Entomology,2006,20(2):209-218.
[9]PETROVSKAYA N B,FORBES E,PETROVSKII S V,et al.Towards the development of a more accurate monitoring procedure for invertebrate populations,in the presence of an unknown spatial pattern of population distribution in the field[J].Insects,2018,9(1):29.doi:10.3390/insects9010029.
[10]王丽平,嵇保中,刘曙雯,等.微红梢斑螟生殖系统及卵巢发育特征研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(4):844-853.
[11]王国兴,嵇保中,刘曙雯,等.微红梢斑螟发育进度和成虫行为的初步研究[J].中国森林病虫,2010,29(1):1-4.
[12]王建军,栾庆书,金若忠,等.单波长太阳能灯诱杀微红梢斑螟[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(1):117-119.
[13]SVENSSON G P,WANG H L,JIRLE E V,et al.Challenges of pheromone-based mating disruption of Cydia strobilella and Dioryctria abietella in spruce seed orchards[J].Journal of Pest Science,2018,91(2):639-650.
[14]俞琳锋,黄华国,泽桑梓,等.云南松林两种切梢小蠹成虫蛀梢期的空间分布格局[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(6):940-946.
[15]高贺,韩宪琪,冯安荣,等.不同抗性小麦品种上麦红吸浆虫幼虫的空间分布型与理论抽样数[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1138-1145.
[16]张利荷,周祥,陈泰龙,等.两种蚂蚁在橡胶树上的空间分布类型及其竞争[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3424-3429.
[17]丁岩钦.昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[18]JACTEL H,GOULARD M,MENASSIEU P,et al.Habitat diversity in forest plantations reduces infestations of the pine stem borer Dioryctria sylvestrella[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,39(4):618-628.
[19]吴磊,玉舒中,常明山,等.微红梢斑螟蛀孔在马尾松上空间分布研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(1):193-198.