内蒙古典型草原建群种羊草基因型多样性抑制群落物种多样性的生态功能
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摘要
植物群落的物种多样性以及群落建群种的基因型多样性对群落生态功能是否存在交互影响已成为群落生态学研究的热点内容。以内蒙古典型草原群落内常见物种为研究对象,研究了群落物种多样性与建群种羊草(Leymus chinensis)基因型多样性及其交互作用对群落生物量生态功能特性的影响。结果表明:(1)羊草基因型多样性、物种多样性及其交互作用对群落地上、地下和总生物量无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)羊草基因型多样性、物种多样性及其交互作用对多样性效应(净多样性效应、互补效应和选择效应)有显著影响(P<0.05)。羊草基因型多样性抑制多样性净效应的发挥,且主要抑制互补效应;而物种多样性则促进多样性净效应的发挥,主要表现为选择效应对地上生物量的正效应;(3)互补效应对群落生物量多样性净效应起主要贡献。实验所得结果不仅为探讨多样性效应在物种水平以及群落水平上对群落生物量的影响因素提供了重要启示,而且为内蒙古草原种质资源的保护及合理利用,乃至生态系统的恢复和重建提供理论指导。
Community ecologists have focused on whether there exists an interactive effect between species diversity and genotypic diversity of dominant species on community ecological function in recent years. In the present study, we selected some common species in the Inner Mongolia Steppe as study objects, and examined how the genotypic diversity of the dominant species, the species diversity of common species and their interactions influenced the community biomass.(1) Genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, species diversity, and their interactions did not significantly influence the community aboveground, belowground, or total biomass(P>0.05).(2) The genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, species diversity, and their interactions significantly influenced diversity effects(net diversity effect, complementarity effect, and selection effect) on community biomass(P<0.05). The genotypic diversity of L. chinensis inhibited the net diversity effect, mainly complementarity effect. However, species diversity promoted the net diversity effect, in particular, selection effect on aboveground biomass.(3) The net diversity effect on ecological function of the community biomass was mainly due to complementarity effect. The above results provided not only an important message for exploring whether species diversity or genotypic diversity of dominant species plays a more important role in influencing the diversity effect on community biomass, but also proper guides for protection and rational utilization of seed resources, and moreover, for the ecosystem recovery and re-establishment in the Inner Mongolia Steppe.
Community ecologists have focused on whether there exists an interactive effect between species diversity and genotypic diversity of dominant species on community ecological function in recent years. In the present study, we selected some common species in the Inner Mongolia Steppe as study objects, and examined how the genotypic diversity of the dominant species, the species diversity of common species and their interactions influenced the community biomass.(1) Genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, species diversity, and their interactions did not significantly influence the community aboveground, belowground, or total biomass(P>0.05).(2) The genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, species diversity, and their interactions significantly influenced diversity effects(net diversity effect, complementarity effect, and selection effect) on community biomass(P<0.05). The genotypic diversity of L. chinensis inhibited the net diversity effect, mainly complementarity effect. However, species diversity promoted the net diversity effect, in particular, selection effect on aboveground biomass.(3) The net diversity effect on ecological function of the community biomass was mainly due to complementarity effect. The above results provided not only an important message for exploring whether species diversity or genotypic diversity of dominant species plays a more important role in influencing the diversity effect on community biomass, but also proper guides for protection and rational utilization of seed resources, and moreover, for the ecosystem recovery and re-establishment in the Inner Mongolia Steppe.
引文
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[16] 申俊芳, 任慧琴, 辛晓静, 徐冰, 高玉葆, 赵念席. 羊草基因型多样性能增强种群对干扰的响应. 生态学报, 2015, 35(23): 7682- 7689.
[17] 刘磊, 辛晓静, 王宇坤, 曲耀冰, 杨雪, 李隔萍, 赵念席, 高玉葆. 不同邻居物种的基因型多样性对冷蒿生长的影响. 生态学报, 2017, 37(19): 6544- 6551.
[18] Crawford K M, Rudgers J A. Plant species diversity and genetic diversity within a dominant species interactively affect plant community biomass. Journal of Ecology, 2012, 100(6): 1512- 1521.
[19] 王丹. 内蒙古中东部草原羊草(Leymus chinesis)种内变异与分化研究[D]. 天津: 南开大学, 2004.
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[22] Sj?qvist C O, Kremp A. Genetic diversity affects ecological performance and stress response of marine diatom populations. The ISME Journal, 2016, 10(11): 2755- 2766.
[23] Atwater D Z, Callaway R M. Testing the mechanisms of diversity-dependent overyielding in a grass species. Ecology, 2015, 96(12): 3332- 3342.
[24] Tomimatsu H, Nakano K, Yamamoto N, Suyama Y. Effects of genotypic diversity of Phragmites australis on primary productivity and water quality in an experimental wetland. Oecologia, 2014, 175(1): 163- 172.
[25] Fridley J D, Grime J P. Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in grassland microcosms of varying species diversity. Ecology, 2010, 91(8): 2272- 2283.
[26] Hughes A R, Stachowicz J J. Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101(24): 8998- 9002.
[27] Cardinale B J C, Srivastava D S, Duffy J E, Wright J P, Downing A L, Sankaran M, Jouseau C, Cadotte M W, Carroll I T, Weis J, Hector A, Loreau M. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of ecosystems: a summary of 164 experimental manipulations of species richness: ecological archives E090-060. Ecology, 2009, 90(3): 854- 854.
[28] Gruntman M, Pehl A K, Joshi S, Tielborger K. Competitive dominance of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera: using competitive effect and response with a vigorous neighbour. Biological Invasions, 2014, 16(1): 141- 151.
[29] Cook-Patton S C, Mcart S H, Parachnowitsch A L, Thaler J S, Agrawal A A. A direct comparison of the consequences of plant genotypic and species diversity on communities and ecosystem function. Ecology, 2011, 92(4): 915- 923.
[30] 李军鹏. 羊草种群内基因型多样性对不同水热条件的响应研究[D]. 天津: 南开大学, 2012.
[2] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J M H. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature, 2006, 441(7093): 629- 632.
[3] Levine J M. Species diversity and biological invasions: relating local process to community pattern. Science, 2000, 288(5467): 852- 854.
[4] Loreau M, Hector A. Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature, 2001, 412(6842): 72- 76.
[5] Wang J, Zhang C B, Chen T, Li W H. From selection to complementarity: the shift along the abiotic stress gradient in a controlled biodiversity experiment. Oecologia, 2013, 171(1): 227- 235.
[6] Huston M A. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia, 1997, 110(4): 449- 460.
[7] Tilman D, Lehman C L, Thomson K T. Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997, 94(5): 1857- 1861.
[8] Loreau M. Does functional redundancy exist? Oikos, 2004, 104(3): 606- 611.
[9] Chapin F S, Zavaleta E S, Eviner V T, Naylor R L, Vitousek P M, Reynolds H L, Hooper D U, Lavorel S, Sala O E, Hobbie S E, Mack M C, Diaz S. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 2000, 405(6783): 234- 242.
[10] Worm B, Barbier E B, Beaumont N, Duffy J E, Folke C, Halpern B S, Jackson J B C, Lotze H K, Micheli F, Palumbi S R, Sala E, Selkoe K A, Stachowicz J J, Watson R. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 2006, 314(5800): 787- 790.
[11] Hughes A R, Inouye B D, Johnson M T J, Underwood N, Vellend M. Ecological consequences of genetic diversity. Ecology Letters, 2008, 11(6): 609- 623.
[12] Crutsinger G M, Collins M D, Fordyce J A, Gompert Z, Nice C C, Sanders N J. Plant genotypic diversity predicts community structure and governs an ecosystem process. Science, 2006, 313(5789): 966- 968.
[13] Sch?b C, Kerle S, Karley A J, Morcillo L, Pakeman R J, Newton A C, Brooker R W. Intraspecific genetic diversity and composition modify species-level diversity-productivity relationships. New Phytologist, 2015, 205(2): 720- 730.
[14] Roger F, Godhe A, Gamfeldt L. Genetic diversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of multiple stressors. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9): e45007.
[15] 杨雪, 申俊芳, 赵念席, 高玉葆. 不同基因型羊草数量性状的可塑性及遗传分化. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(3): 359- 368.
[16] 申俊芳, 任慧琴, 辛晓静, 徐冰, 高玉葆, 赵念席. 羊草基因型多样性能增强种群对干扰的响应. 生态学报, 2015, 35(23): 7682- 7689.
[17] 刘磊, 辛晓静, 王宇坤, 曲耀冰, 杨雪, 李隔萍, 赵念席, 高玉葆. 不同邻居物种的基因型多样性对冷蒿生长的影响. 生态学报, 2017, 37(19): 6544- 6551.
[18] Crawford K M, Rudgers J A. Plant species diversity and genetic diversity within a dominant species interactively affect plant community biomass. Journal of Ecology, 2012, 100(6): 1512- 1521.
[19] 王丹. 内蒙古中东部草原羊草(Leymus chinesis)种内变异与分化研究[D]. 天津: 南开大学, 2004.
[20] 王刘杰. 高寒草甸豆科植物固氮作用及其对群落的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2010.
[21] Kotowska A M, Cahill Jr J F, Keddie B A. Plant genetic diversity yields increased plant productivity and herbivore performance. Journal of Ecology, 2010, 98(1): 237- 245.
[22] Sj?qvist C O, Kremp A. Genetic diversity affects ecological performance and stress response of marine diatom populations. The ISME Journal, 2016, 10(11): 2755- 2766.
[23] Atwater D Z, Callaway R M. Testing the mechanisms of diversity-dependent overyielding in a grass species. Ecology, 2015, 96(12): 3332- 3342.
[24] Tomimatsu H, Nakano K, Yamamoto N, Suyama Y. Effects of genotypic diversity of Phragmites australis on primary productivity and water quality in an experimental wetland. Oecologia, 2014, 175(1): 163- 172.
[25] Fridley J D, Grime J P. Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in grassland microcosms of varying species diversity. Ecology, 2010, 91(8): 2272- 2283.
[26] Hughes A R, Stachowicz J J. Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101(24): 8998- 9002.
[27] Cardinale B J C, Srivastava D S, Duffy J E, Wright J P, Downing A L, Sankaran M, Jouseau C, Cadotte M W, Carroll I T, Weis J, Hector A, Loreau M. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of ecosystems: a summary of 164 experimental manipulations of species richness: ecological archives E090-060. Ecology, 2009, 90(3): 854- 854.
[28] Gruntman M, Pehl A K, Joshi S, Tielborger K. Competitive dominance of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera: using competitive effect and response with a vigorous neighbour. Biological Invasions, 2014, 16(1): 141- 151.
[29] Cook-Patton S C, Mcart S H, Parachnowitsch A L, Thaler J S, Agrawal A A. A direct comparison of the consequences of plant genotypic and species diversity on communities and ecosystem function. Ecology, 2011, 92(4): 915- 923.
[30] 李军鹏. 羊草种群内基因型多样性对不同水热条件的响应研究[D]. 天津: 南开大学, 2012.