短跑不同模式速度耐力训练的能量代谢特征
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摘要
目的:探究不同模式速度耐力训练的能量代谢特征。方法:对14名训练有素的男子短跑运动员(年龄18.57±2.56岁,身高181.00±5.16cm,体重68.00±6.45kg,训练年限6.35±2.92岁,200m最好成绩22.19±1.06 s)在HV-1、HV-2、HI-1和HI-2 4种模式速度耐力训练中的血乳酸和摄氧量进行采集,运用基于运动中摄氧量(VO2)、血乳酸(BLA)和运动后过量氧耗(EPOC)快速部分的计算方法对上述4种模式速度耐力训练的能量代谢特征进行对比分析。结果:HV-1、HV-2、HI-1和HI-24种模式速度耐力训练的磷酸原供能分别为217.35±43.78 kJ、206.15±25.49 kJ、117.10±18.79 kJ和120.31±19.10 kJ,糖酵解供能分别为77.13±8.88 kJ、99.74±16.64 kJ、81.75±8.23 kJ和95.47±8.46 kJ,有氧氧化供能为155.62±27.16 kJ、172.05±37.12 kJ、56.04±14.17 kJ和55.62±15.52kJ。结论:短跑不同模式速度耐力训练的能量代谢特征不同,分组方式是影响无氧糖酵解系统参与供能比例的关键因素,双组模式(HV-2和HI-2)发展运动员速度耐力的效果明显优于单组模式(HV-1和HI-1),建议在一般准备期以HV-2模式为主发展运动员的速度耐力,在专项准备期以HI-2模式为主发展运动员的速度耐力。
Objective: To compare the energy metabolism characteristics in different modes of sprint speed endurance training. Methods: The blood lactate(BLA) and energy metabolism levels of 14 well-trained sprinters(age: 18.57 ± 2.56 yrs, height: 181.00±5.16 cm, weight: 68.00±6.45 kg, training yrs: 6.35±2.92 yrs, 200 m PB: 22.19±1.06 sec) in the four SET modes(i.e., HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2) were obtained and analyzed with a portable blood lactate analyzer and a portable gas analyzer, respectively. The sprinters' energy supply profiles in these four SET modes were calculated and compared according to their oxygen uptake(VO2), BLA and the fast component of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC). Results: The energy supply from the ATP-CP system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 217.35±43.78 k J, 206.15±25.49 kJ, 117.10±18.79 kJ and 120.31±19.10 kJ, respectively. The energy supply form the glycolytic system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 77.13±8.88 kJ, 99.74±16.64 kJ, 81.75±8.23 kJ and 95.47±8.46 kJ, respectively. The energy supply from the aerobic system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 155.62±27.16 kJ, 172.05±37.12 kJ, 56.04±14.17 kJ and 55.62±15.52 kJ, respectively. Conclusion: Different speed endurance training modes have different energy metabolism characteristics, the grouping pattern was a key factor affecting the proportion of anaerobic glycolytic systems involved in energy supply, double-set modes(HV-2 and HI-2) were more effective than single-set modes(HV-1 and HI-1) in enhancing athletes' speed endurance. The athletes were recommended to develop their speed endurance mainly by performing HV-2 mode during the general preparation phase, and the HI-2 mode can be used to develop their speed endurance during the special preparation phase.
Objective: To compare the energy metabolism characteristics in different modes of sprint speed endurance training. Methods: The blood lactate(BLA) and energy metabolism levels of 14 well-trained sprinters(age: 18.57 ± 2.56 yrs, height: 181.00±5.16 cm, weight: 68.00±6.45 kg, training yrs: 6.35±2.92 yrs, 200 m PB: 22.19±1.06 sec) in the four SET modes(i.e., HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2) were obtained and analyzed with a portable blood lactate analyzer and a portable gas analyzer, respectively. The sprinters' energy supply profiles in these four SET modes were calculated and compared according to their oxygen uptake(VO2), BLA and the fast component of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC). Results: The energy supply from the ATP-CP system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 217.35±43.78 k J, 206.15±25.49 kJ, 117.10±18.79 kJ and 120.31±19.10 kJ, respectively. The energy supply form the glycolytic system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 77.13±8.88 kJ, 99.74±16.64 kJ, 81.75±8.23 kJ and 95.47±8.46 kJ, respectively. The energy supply from the aerobic system in HV-1, HV-2, HI-1 and HI-2 modes were 155.62±27.16 kJ, 172.05±37.12 kJ, 56.04±14.17 kJ and 55.62±15.52 kJ, respectively. Conclusion: Different speed endurance training modes have different energy metabolism characteristics, the grouping pattern was a key factor affecting the proportion of anaerobic glycolytic systems involved in energy supply, double-set modes(HV-2 and HI-2) were more effective than single-set modes(HV-1 and HI-1) in enhancing athletes' speed endurance. The athletes were recommended to develop their speed endurance mainly by performing HV-2 mode during the general preparation phase, and the HI-2 mode can be used to develop their speed endurance during the special preparation phase.
引文
姜自立,2017.短跑不同模式速度耐力训练的急性效应研究[D].北京:清华大学.
姜自立,李庆,2017.我国高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练现状[J].上海体育学院学报,5(41):75-81.
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姜自立,李晓斌,刘瑞东,等,2018.短跑不同模式速度耐力训练对肌肉损伤的影响[J].中国体育科技,54(5):101-107.
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谢敏豪,林文弢,冯炜权,2008.运动生物化学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.
周越,王瑞元,2010.骨骼肌运动性疲劳乳酸机制研究进展[J].天津体育学院学报,(6):518-521.
BENEKE R,POLLMANN C H,BLEIF I,et al.,2002.How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,87(4-5):388-392.
BISHOP D,BONETTI D,DAWSON B,2002.The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,34(6):1041-1047.
BOGDANIS G C,NEVILL M E,BOOBIS L H,et al.,1996.Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise[J].J Appl Physiol,80(3):876-884.
BOMPA T,BUZZICHELLI C,2015.Periodization Training for Sports,3E[M].Champaign,IL:Human Kinetics:34.
BOREHAM C,BUDGETT R,CARBON R,et al.,2006.Advances in sport and exercise science series:The physiology of training[M].Kidlington,Oxford:Elsevier limited:419-420.
DAVIS P,LEITH?USER R M,BENEKE R,2014.The energetics of semicontact 3×2-min amateur boxing[J].Int J Sport Physiol,9(2):233-239.
FOSTER C,SCHRAGER M,SNYDER A C,et al.,1994.Pacing strategy and athletic performance[J].Sports Med,17(2):77-85.
GARRETT W E,KIRKENDALL D T,2000.Exercise and sport science[M].Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
GASTIN P B,2001.Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise[J].Sports Med,31(10):725-741.
HART C,1981.400 meter training[J].Track Field Q Rev,18(1):1-10.
KENNEY W L,WILMORE J,COSTILL D,2015.Physiology of Sport and Exercise 6th Edition[M].Champaign(IL):Human kinetics.
MCARDLE W D,KATCH F I,KATCH V L,2010.Exercise physiology:Nutrition,energy,and human performance[M].Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
RHEA M R,ALVAR B A,BURKETT L N,2002.single versus multiple sets for strength:A meta-analysis to address the controversy[J].Res Q Exerc Sport,73(4):485-488.
SPENCER M R,GASTIN P B,2001.Energy system contribution during200-to 1 500-m running in highly trained athletes[J].Med Sci Sports Exer,33(1):157-162.
姜自立,李庆,2017.我国高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练现状[J].上海体育学院学报,5(41):75-81.
姜自立,李庆,2018.李庆短跑训练理念研究[J].体育科学,38(2):55-64.
姜自立,李晓斌,刘瑞东,等,2018.短跑不同模式速度耐力训练对肌肉损伤的影响[J].中国体育科技,54(5):101-107.
黎涌明,陈小平,马格特,等,2013.静水皮艇500 m供能特征[J].中国体育科技,49(2):80-84.
黎涌明,毛承,2014.竞技体育项目的专项供能比例:亟待纠正的错误[J].体育科学,34(10):93-96.
谢敏豪,林文弢,冯炜权,2008.运动生物化学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.
周越,王瑞元,2010.骨骼肌运动性疲劳乳酸机制研究进展[J].天津体育学院学报,(6):518-521.
BENEKE R,POLLMANN C H,BLEIF I,et al.,2002.How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,87(4-5):388-392.
BISHOP D,BONETTI D,DAWSON B,2002.The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,34(6):1041-1047.
BOGDANIS G C,NEVILL M E,BOOBIS L H,et al.,1996.Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise[J].J Appl Physiol,80(3):876-884.
BOMPA T,BUZZICHELLI C,2015.Periodization Training for Sports,3E[M].Champaign,IL:Human Kinetics:34.
BOREHAM C,BUDGETT R,CARBON R,et al.,2006.Advances in sport and exercise science series:The physiology of training[M].Kidlington,Oxford:Elsevier limited:419-420.
DAVIS P,LEITH?USER R M,BENEKE R,2014.The energetics of semicontact 3×2-min amateur boxing[J].Int J Sport Physiol,9(2):233-239.
FOSTER C,SCHRAGER M,SNYDER A C,et al.,1994.Pacing strategy and athletic performance[J].Sports Med,17(2):77-85.
GARRETT W E,KIRKENDALL D T,2000.Exercise and sport science[M].Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
GASTIN P B,2001.Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise[J].Sports Med,31(10):725-741.
HART C,1981.400 meter training[J].Track Field Q Rev,18(1):1-10.
KENNEY W L,WILMORE J,COSTILL D,2015.Physiology of Sport and Exercise 6th Edition[M].Champaign(IL):Human kinetics.
MCARDLE W D,KATCH F I,KATCH V L,2010.Exercise physiology:Nutrition,energy,and human performance[M].Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
RHEA M R,ALVAR B A,BURKETT L N,2002.single versus multiple sets for strength:A meta-analysis to address the controversy[J].Res Q Exerc Sport,73(4):485-488.
SPENCER M R,GASTIN P B,2001.Energy system contribution during200-to 1 500-m running in highly trained athletes[J].Med Sci Sports Exer,33(1):157-162.