中国省域广播电视业发展水平的空间计量研究
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摘要
以2008～2014年中国31个省域的统计数据为基础,采用空间计量经济学方法对中国广播电视业发展水平的空间格局及其影响因素进行测算与分析。研究发现,中国省域广播电视业发展水平最高的集聚分布于东部沿海地区,部分东部地区和中部地区发展一般,西北、西南地区发展水平较低,总体呈现从东向西递减的梯度变化,但全国整体发展水平呈现显著上升趋势。经济发展水平、消费需求、财政投入和信息技术水平与中国广播电视产业呈现正相关,而产业结构与广播电视产业呈现负相关,且各省地理空间的邻接上未表现出溢出效应。
As an integral part of comprehensive strength, the soft power of culture has become an important support for the basic kernel and scientific development of regional competitiveness. Cultural industry is the hard power of cultural construction, and also an important means to enhance the soft power of culture. As the core part of cultural industry, radio and TV industry is also an important part of soft power of regional culture.Through the literature review, it is found that the research on radio and TV industry at home and abroad is mostly concentrated in enterprises, industrial clusters or urban internal scales, and there are few studies based on regional scale. Mainly on the method is based on the traditional measurement method, using spatial econometric methods of research is not much, ignore the spatial correlation effect, and it is not about influence factors and its role in the study of spatial heterogeneity of various areas. Based on this, this paper is based on the statistical data of 31 provinces in China 2008-2014, using factor analysis to comprehensively evaluate the development level and regional differences of provincial radio and TV industry, and combining with the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA)and the spatial constant coefficient model, to further analyze the spatial effect and the influencing factors of the development of China's provincial radio and TV industry. The study found that the highest level of development of provincial radio and TV industry in China was distributed in the eastern coastal regions, in which some eastern and central regions developed generally, with low development levels in the northwest and southwest regions, and the overall trend of gradual change from east to west, but the overall development level of the whole country showed a significant upward trend. In addition, the development of radio and television industry in the region has the phenomenon of competition and polarization effect,and the development of radio and television industry in the low-gradient region has the tendency of"polarization"in the high-gradient region. Economic development level, consumer demand, finances, and information technology level is positively related with radio and TV industry in our country, and the industrial structure and the broadcast television industry present negative correlation, and geographic space of the adjacent provinces showed no spillover effect. Because the OLS and SLM models are both"average"or whole domain estimation, the estimated results can only show the national average, but not the differences in the regional influence of each factor. Therefore, on the basis of this article, the spatial variable coefficient model can be used to analyze the local area(Local), to further explore the variation of the influence of each variable on the development level of radio and television industry.
As an integral part of comprehensive strength, the soft power of culture has become an important support for the basic kernel and scientific development of regional competitiveness. Cultural industry is the hard power of cultural construction, and also an important means to enhance the soft power of culture. As the core part of cultural industry, radio and TV industry is also an important part of soft power of regional culture.Through the literature review, it is found that the research on radio and TV industry at home and abroad is mostly concentrated in enterprises, industrial clusters or urban internal scales, and there are few studies based on regional scale. Mainly on the method is based on the traditional measurement method, using spatial econometric methods of research is not much, ignore the spatial correlation effect, and it is not about influence factors and its role in the study of spatial heterogeneity of various areas. Based on this, this paper is based on the statistical data of 31 provinces in China 2008-2014, using factor analysis to comprehensively evaluate the development level and regional differences of provincial radio and TV industry, and combining with the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA)and the spatial constant coefficient model, to further analyze the spatial effect and the influencing factors of the development of China's provincial radio and TV industry. The study found that the highest level of development of provincial radio and TV industry in China was distributed in the eastern coastal regions, in which some eastern and central regions developed generally, with low development levels in the northwest and southwest regions, and the overall trend of gradual change from east to west, but the overall development level of the whole country showed a significant upward trend. In addition, the development of radio and television industry in the region has the phenomenon of competition and polarization effect,and the development of radio and television industry in the low-gradient region has the tendency of"polarization"in the high-gradient region. Economic development level, consumer demand, finances, and information technology level is positively related with radio and TV industry in our country, and the industrial structure and the broadcast television industry present negative correlation, and geographic space of the adjacent provinces showed no spillover effect. Because the OLS and SLM models are both"average"or whole domain estimation, the estimated results can only show the national average, but not the differences in the regional influence of each factor. Therefore, on the basis of this article, the spatial variable coefficient model can be used to analyze the local area(Local), to further explore the variation of the influence of each variable on the development level of radio and television industry.
引文
[1]罗能生,郭更臣,谢里.我国区域文化软实力评价研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(9):1502-1506.[Luo Nengsheng,Guo Gengchen,Xie Li.Research on the evaluation of regional cultural soft power in China.Economic Geography,2010,30(9):1502-1506.]
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[3]姜文斌.政治、文化、经济目标之平衡:加拿大广播电视产业政策演变及其启示[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.[Jiang Wenbin.The balance of political,cultural and economic goals:The evolution and Enlightenment of the Canadian radio and television industry policy.Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.]
[4]贾晓朋,吕拉昌.中国文化贸易的影响因素分析--以核心文化产品出口为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1145-1150.[Jia Xiaopeng,Lyu Lachang.Influence factors of China’s cultural trade with exports of core cultural products for example.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1145-1150.]
[5]姜玲,王丽龄.文化创意产业集聚效益分析--以北京市文化创意产业发展为例[J].中国软科学,2016(4):176-183.[Jiang Ling,Wang Liling.Analysis of the benefit of cultural and creative industry agglomeration-Taking the development of Beijing cultural and creative industry as an example.China Soft Science,2016(4):176-183.]
[6]马仁锋,梁贤军,等.西方文化创意产业研究:学术群体与热点演进[J].世界地理研究,2015,24(2):96-104.[Ma Renfeng,Liang Xianjun et al.Research on western cultural and creative industries:academic groups and hot spots evolution.World Regional Studies,2015,24(2):96-104.]
[7]Boggs J.Cultural industries and the creative economy-vague but useful concepts[J].Geography Compass,2010,3(4):1483-1498.
[8]Margareta Dahlstr?m,Brita Hermelin.Creative industries,spatiality and flexibility:The example of film production[J].Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography,2007,61(3):111-121.
[9]Huat C B,Sun J.Social media and cross-border cultural transmissions in asia:States,industries,audiences[J].International Journal of Cultural Studies,2014,17(5):417-422.
[10]符文颖,邓金玲.产业转型背景下创业区位选择和集群空间演化[J].地理科学,2017,37(6):833-840.[Fu Wenying,Deng Jinling.Locational choice of start-ups and spatial evolution of clusters in the context of industrial restructuring.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(6):833-840.]
[11]吕蕊,石培基,聂晓英,等.河西走廊产业园区集群化发展机理研究--基于扎根理论分析[J].地理科学,2017,37(5):718-727.[Lyu Rui,Shi Peiji,Nie Xiaoying et al.The mechanism on cluster development of the industrial parks of the Hexi Corridor based on the grounded theory.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(5):718-727.]
[12]Chuluunbaatar E,Ottavia,Luh D B et al.The role of cluster and social capital in cultural and creative industries development[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,109(2):552-557.
[13]Michalis M,Smith P.The relation between content providers and distributors:Lessons from the regulation of television distribution in the united kingdom[J].Telematics&Informatics,2016,33(2):665-673.
[14]Ivan Turok.Cities,Clusters and creative industries:The case of film and television in scotland[J].European Planning Studies,2003,11(5):549-565.
[15]Galina Gornostaeva.The film and television industry in london’s suburbs:Lifestyle of the rich or losers’retreat?[J].Creative Industries Journal,2008,1(1):47-71.
[16]Bahar Durmaz,Stephen Platt,Tan Yigitcanlar.Creativity,culture tourism and place-making:Istanbul and London film industries[J].International Journal of Culture,Tourism and Hospitality Research,2010,4(3):198-213.
[17]方远平,毕斗斗,谢蔓,等.知识密集型服务业空间关联特征及其动力机制分析--基于广东省21个地级市的实证[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1193-1201.[Fang Yuanping,Bi Doudou,Xie man et al.Analysis of knowledge intensive service industry association spatial characteristics and its dynamic mechanismAn empirical analysis based on 21 cities in Guangdong province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(10):1193-1201.]
[18]杨槿,陈雯,袁丰.苏州老城区文化产业空间格局演化及其机理分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(12):1551-1559.[Yang Jin,Chen Wen,Yuan Feng.The evolution of the spatial pattern of cultural industry in the old city of Suzhou and its mechanism analysis.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(12):1551-1559.]
[19]薛东前,刘虹,马蓓蓓.西安市文化产业空间分布特征[J].地理科学,2011,31(7):775-780.[Xue Dongqian,Liu Hong,Ma Beibei.The distribution of cultural industry spatial characteristics in Xi’an city.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(7):775-780.]
[20]陈净卉.当代中国广播电视公共服务的理论阐释和体系建构[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.[Chen Jinghui.The theoretical interpretation and system construction of radio and television public service in contemporary China.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.]
[21]张建珍,彭侃.中国广播电视产业研究概述[J].中国电视,2011,12(1):65-70.[Zhang Jianzhen,Peng Kan.An overview of China’s radio and television industry research.China Television,2011,12(1):65-70.]
[22]熊波.新媒体时代中国电视产业发展研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.[Xiong Bo.Research on the development of China’s TVindustry in the new media era.Wuhan:Wuhan University,2013.]
[23]文嫮,李婷.中国省域广电产业竞争力评价及空间差异分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):112-117.[Wen Hu,Li Ting.Evaluation of the competitiveness of China’s provincial radio and television industry and analysis of its spatial differences.Economic Geography,2013,33(3):112-117.]
[24]董春.中国广电产业发展及空间布局的经济学研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2006.[Dong Chun.Economic research on the development of China’s radio and television industry and the layout of space.Shanghai:Fudan University,2006.]
[25]方远平,谢蔓,林彰平.信息技术对服务业创新影响的空间计量分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1119-1130.[Fang Yuanping,Xie man,Lin Zhangping.Spatial econometric analysis of the impact of information technology on service industry innovation.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(8):1119-1130.]
[26]孟召宜,渠爱雪,仇方道,等.江苏文化产业时空格局及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(12):1850-1859.[Meng Zhaoyi,Qu Aixue,Chou Fangdao et al.Study on the spatial and temporal pattern of Jiangsu cultural industry and its influencing factors.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(12):1850-1859.]
[27]毕斗斗,方远平.我国省域服务业创新水平的时空演变及其动力机制--基于空间计量模型的实证研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):139-148.[Bi Doudou,Fang Yuanping.The temporal and spatial evolution of the innovation level of the provincial service industry in China and its dynamic mechanism-An empirical study based on the spatial econometric model.Economic Geography,2015,35(10):139-148.]
[28]方远平,毛晔.我国省域休闲产业竞争力时空动态演变研究--基于ESDA-GWR模型的实证[J].湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(5):137-143.[Fang Yuanping,Mao Ye.The spatial-temporal dynamic evolution of provincial leisure industry competitiveness in China is studied based on the ESDA-GWRmodel.Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science),2016(5):137-143.]
[29]文嫮,胡兵.中国省域文化创意产业发展影响因素的空间计量研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):101-107.[Wen Hu,Hu Bing.Spatial measurement research on the factors affecting the development of cultural and creative industries in China province.Economic Geography,2014,34(2):101-107.]
[30]王雪辉,谷国锋.基于市场潜能的城市经济增长空间格局及溢出效应[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1617-1623.[Wang Xuehui,Gu Guofeng.Spatial pattern and spillover effects of urban economic growth based on market potential.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1617-1623.]
[31]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009-2015.[National Statistical Bureau.China statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2009-2015.]
[32]中国广播电视年鉴编辑部.中国广播电视年鉴[M].北京:中国广播电视年鉴编辑部,2009-2015.[China Radio and Television Yearbook Editorial Department.China radio and television yearbook.Beijing:Editorial Department of China Radio and Television Yearbook,2009-2015.]
[33]国家统计局,社会科技和文化产业统计司.中国社会统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009-2015.[State Bureau of Statistics,Statistics Department of Social Science and Technology and Culture Industry.Annals of Chinese social statistics.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2009-2015.]
[2]欧阳友权.文化产业概念[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2006:79-84.[Ouyang Youquan.The concept of cultural industry.Changsha:Hunan People’s Publishing House,2006:79-84.]
[3]姜文斌.政治、文化、经济目标之平衡:加拿大广播电视产业政策演变及其启示[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.[Jiang Wenbin.The balance of political,cultural and economic goals:The evolution and Enlightenment of the Canadian radio and television industry policy.Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.]
[4]贾晓朋,吕拉昌.中国文化贸易的影响因素分析--以核心文化产品出口为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1145-1150.[Jia Xiaopeng,Lyu Lachang.Influence factors of China’s cultural trade with exports of core cultural products for example.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1145-1150.]
[5]姜玲,王丽龄.文化创意产业集聚效益分析--以北京市文化创意产业发展为例[J].中国软科学,2016(4):176-183.[Jiang Ling,Wang Liling.Analysis of the benefit of cultural and creative industry agglomeration-Taking the development of Beijing cultural and creative industry as an example.China Soft Science,2016(4):176-183.]
[6]马仁锋,梁贤军,等.西方文化创意产业研究:学术群体与热点演进[J].世界地理研究,2015,24(2):96-104.[Ma Renfeng,Liang Xianjun et al.Research on western cultural and creative industries:academic groups and hot spots evolution.World Regional Studies,2015,24(2):96-104.]
[7]Boggs J.Cultural industries and the creative economy-vague but useful concepts[J].Geography Compass,2010,3(4):1483-1498.
[8]Margareta Dahlstr?m,Brita Hermelin.Creative industries,spatiality and flexibility:The example of film production[J].Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography,2007,61(3):111-121.
[9]Huat C B,Sun J.Social media and cross-border cultural transmissions in asia:States,industries,audiences[J].International Journal of Cultural Studies,2014,17(5):417-422.
[10]符文颖,邓金玲.产业转型背景下创业区位选择和集群空间演化[J].地理科学,2017,37(6):833-840.[Fu Wenying,Deng Jinling.Locational choice of start-ups and spatial evolution of clusters in the context of industrial restructuring.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(6):833-840.]
[11]吕蕊,石培基,聂晓英,等.河西走廊产业园区集群化发展机理研究--基于扎根理论分析[J].地理科学,2017,37(5):718-727.[Lyu Rui,Shi Peiji,Nie Xiaoying et al.The mechanism on cluster development of the industrial parks of the Hexi Corridor based on the grounded theory.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(5):718-727.]
[12]Chuluunbaatar E,Ottavia,Luh D B et al.The role of cluster and social capital in cultural and creative industries development[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,109(2):552-557.
[13]Michalis M,Smith P.The relation between content providers and distributors:Lessons from the regulation of television distribution in the united kingdom[J].Telematics&Informatics,2016,33(2):665-673.
[14]Ivan Turok.Cities,Clusters and creative industries:The case of film and television in scotland[J].European Planning Studies,2003,11(5):549-565.
[15]Galina Gornostaeva.The film and television industry in london’s suburbs:Lifestyle of the rich or losers’retreat?[J].Creative Industries Journal,2008,1(1):47-71.
[16]Bahar Durmaz,Stephen Platt,Tan Yigitcanlar.Creativity,culture tourism and place-making:Istanbul and London film industries[J].International Journal of Culture,Tourism and Hospitality Research,2010,4(3):198-213.
[17]方远平,毕斗斗,谢蔓,等.知识密集型服务业空间关联特征及其动力机制分析--基于广东省21个地级市的实证[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1193-1201.[Fang Yuanping,Bi Doudou,Xie man et al.Analysis of knowledge intensive service industry association spatial characteristics and its dynamic mechanismAn empirical analysis based on 21 cities in Guangdong province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(10):1193-1201.]
[18]杨槿,陈雯,袁丰.苏州老城区文化产业空间格局演化及其机理分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(12):1551-1559.[Yang Jin,Chen Wen,Yuan Feng.The evolution of the spatial pattern of cultural industry in the old city of Suzhou and its mechanism analysis.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(12):1551-1559.]
[19]薛东前,刘虹,马蓓蓓.西安市文化产业空间分布特征[J].地理科学,2011,31(7):775-780.[Xue Dongqian,Liu Hong,Ma Beibei.The distribution of cultural industry spatial characteristics in Xi’an city.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(7):775-780.]
[20]陈净卉.当代中国广播电视公共服务的理论阐释和体系建构[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.[Chen Jinghui.The theoretical interpretation and system construction of radio and television public service in contemporary China.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.]
[21]张建珍,彭侃.中国广播电视产业研究概述[J].中国电视,2011,12(1):65-70.[Zhang Jianzhen,Peng Kan.An overview of China’s radio and television industry research.China Television,2011,12(1):65-70.]
[22]熊波.新媒体时代中国电视产业发展研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.[Xiong Bo.Research on the development of China’s TVindustry in the new media era.Wuhan:Wuhan University,2013.]
[23]文嫮,李婷.中国省域广电产业竞争力评价及空间差异分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):112-117.[Wen Hu,Li Ting.Evaluation of the competitiveness of China’s provincial radio and television industry and analysis of its spatial differences.Economic Geography,2013,33(3):112-117.]
[24]董春.中国广电产业发展及空间布局的经济学研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2006.[Dong Chun.Economic research on the development of China’s radio and television industry and the layout of space.Shanghai:Fudan University,2006.]
[25]方远平,谢蔓,林彰平.信息技术对服务业创新影响的空间计量分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1119-1130.[Fang Yuanping,Xie man,Lin Zhangping.Spatial econometric analysis of the impact of information technology on service industry innovation.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(8):1119-1130.]
[26]孟召宜,渠爱雪,仇方道,等.江苏文化产业时空格局及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(12):1850-1859.[Meng Zhaoyi,Qu Aixue,Chou Fangdao et al.Study on the spatial and temporal pattern of Jiangsu cultural industry and its influencing factors.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(12):1850-1859.]
[27]毕斗斗,方远平.我国省域服务业创新水平的时空演变及其动力机制--基于空间计量模型的实证研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):139-148.[Bi Doudou,Fang Yuanping.The temporal and spatial evolution of the innovation level of the provincial service industry in China and its dynamic mechanism-An empirical study based on the spatial econometric model.Economic Geography,2015,35(10):139-148.]
[28]方远平,毛晔.我国省域休闲产业竞争力时空动态演变研究--基于ESDA-GWR模型的实证[J].湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(5):137-143.[Fang Yuanping,Mao Ye.The spatial-temporal dynamic evolution of provincial leisure industry competitiveness in China is studied based on the ESDA-GWRmodel.Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science),2016(5):137-143.]
[29]文嫮,胡兵.中国省域文化创意产业发展影响因素的空间计量研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):101-107.[Wen Hu,Hu Bing.Spatial measurement research on the factors affecting the development of cultural and creative industries in China province.Economic Geography,2014,34(2):101-107.]
[30]王雪辉,谷国锋.基于市场潜能的城市经济增长空间格局及溢出效应[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1617-1623.[Wang Xuehui,Gu Guofeng.Spatial pattern and spillover effects of urban economic growth based on market potential.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1617-1623.]
[31]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009-2015.[National Statistical Bureau.China statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2009-2015.]
[32]中国广播电视年鉴编辑部.中国广播电视年鉴[M].北京:中国广播电视年鉴编辑部,2009-2015.[China Radio and Television Yearbook Editorial Department.China radio and television yearbook.Beijing:Editorial Department of China Radio and Television Yearbook,2009-2015.]
[33]国家统计局,社会科技和文化产业统计司.中国社会统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009-2015.[State Bureau of Statistics,Statistics Department of Social Science and Technology and Culture Industry.Annals of Chinese social statistics.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2009-2015.]