浙南滨海丘陵地貌台风近地风剖面特性实测研究
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摘要
基于浙江苍南滨海丘陵地貌测风塔(100 m),实测获得了台风"莫拉克"登陆历程中不同高度风速及风向数据,并进一步研究了不同高度的平均风速和风向角、湍流度、阵风因子、相干系数、湍流积分尺度和功率谱密度等风剖面特性参数。研究表明:在测风塔所置浙南滨海丘陵地貌,台风作用下不同高度处的10 min平均风速和风向角的变化非常同步,指数律能较好的反映风速沿实测高度范围内的分布规律;随着高度的增加,湍流度、阵风因子呈逐渐减小的趋势,湍流积分尺度均值呈逐渐增加的趋势;湍流度与我国规范差异较大,国家规范偏于保守;湍流度与阵风因子之间基本为线性关系,随着湍流度的增大,阵风因子相应增大,且随着高度增加,线性关系的离散度逐渐变小;顺风向湍流积分尺度的中位数剖面与日本规范较为接近;脉动风速的功率谱密度在顺风向与Von Karman谱在拟合较好,尤其是100 m处,而在横风向相差较大;随着风速仪间距增大,相关性迅速变弱,同等间距时,高处要比低处的相关性好。
Based on the geomorphological anemometer tower(100 m) in the coastal hills of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, the data of wind speed and direction at different heights in the landing process of Typhoon Morakot were obtained. The characteristic parameters of wind profile, such as average wind speed and wind direction angle, turbulence degree, gust factor, coherence coefficient, turbulence integral scale and power spectral density, were further studied. The results showed that the changes of 10 min mean wind speed and wind direction angle at different heights are very synchronous under the action of typhoon, and the exponential law can well reflect the distribution of wind speed along the measured height range in the coastal hilly landform of southern Zhejiang where the wind tower is located. With the increase of height, the turbulence degree and gust factor decrease gradually, and the mean value of turbulence integral scale increases gradually, the turbulence degree is quite different from the national norms, which tend to be conservative. There is a linear relationship between turbulence and gust factor. with the increase of turbulence, the gust factor increases accordingly, and with the increase of height, the dispersion of linear relationship decreases gradually. The median profile of downwind turbulence integral scale is close to that of Japanese code; the power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed is well fitted with Von Karman spectrum in downwind direction, especially at 100 m, but varies greatly in crosswind direction; with the increase of anemometer spacing,the correlation becomes weaker rapidly, and the correlation at the high level is better than that at the low level at the same distance.
Based on the geomorphological anemometer tower(100 m) in the coastal hills of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, the data of wind speed and direction at different heights in the landing process of Typhoon Morakot were obtained. The characteristic parameters of wind profile, such as average wind speed and wind direction angle, turbulence degree, gust factor, coherence coefficient, turbulence integral scale and power spectral density, were further studied. The results showed that the changes of 10 min mean wind speed and wind direction angle at different heights are very synchronous under the action of typhoon, and the exponential law can well reflect the distribution of wind speed along the measured height range in the coastal hilly landform of southern Zhejiang where the wind tower is located. With the increase of height, the turbulence degree and gust factor decrease gradually, and the mean value of turbulence integral scale increases gradually, the turbulence degree is quite different from the national norms, which tend to be conservative. There is a linear relationship between turbulence and gust factor. with the increase of turbulence, the gust factor increases accordingly, and with the increase of height, the dispersion of linear relationship decreases gradually. The median profile of downwind turbulence integral scale is close to that of Japanese code; the power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed is well fitted with Von Karman spectrum in downwind direction, especially at 100 m, but varies greatly in crosswind direction; with the increase of anemometer spacing,the correlation becomes weaker rapidly, and the correlation at the high level is better than that at the low level at the same distance.
引文
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[2] 赵林,潘晶晶,梁旭东,等.台风边缘/中心区域经历平坦地貌时平均风剖面特性[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(8):45-52.ZHAO Lin,PAN Jingjing,LIANG Xudong,et al.Characteristics of mean wind profile near flat ground at and inside the periphery of strong typhoons during landfall[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(8):45-52.
[3] 王旭,黄鹏,顾明.台风“梅花”近地风剖面变化[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):1165-1171.WANG Xu,HUANG Peng,GU Ming.Variation of wind profiles near ground during typhoon “Muifa”[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2013,41(8):1165-1171.
[4] 顾明,匡军,全涌,等.上海环球金融中心大楼顶部风速实测数据分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(12):114-118.GU Ming,KUANG Jun,QUAN Yong,et al.Analysis of measured wind speed data on top of SWFC[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(12):114-118.
[5] 申建红,李春祥.强风作用下超高层建筑风场特性的实测研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(5):62-68.SHEN Jianhong,LI Chunxiang.Full-scale measurement-based investigation on wind field characteristics of super tall buildings under strong wind gusts[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(5):62-68.
[6] 张传雄,李正农,史文海.台风“菲特”影响下温州某高层建筑顶部风场特性实测分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2015,1(1):206-214.ZHANG Chuanxiong,LI Zhengnong,SHI Wenhai.Field measurements of wind field characteristics of a high-rise building in Wenzhou City during the passage of typhoon Fitow[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2015,1(1):206-214.
[7] 罗叠峰,李正农,回忆.海边三栋相邻高层建筑顶部台风风场实测分析[J].建筑结构学报,2014(12):133-139.LUO Diefeng,LI Zhengnong,HUI Yi.Field measurement and analysis of typhoon wind field on top of three adjacent high-rise buildings at seaside[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014(12):133-139.
[8] 史文海,李正农,罗叠峰,等.台风“鲇鱼”作用下厦门沿海某超高层建筑的风场和风压特性实测研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(1):1-9.SHI Wenhai,LI Zhengnong,LUO Diefeng,et al.Field measurements of boundary layer wind field and wind pressure characteristics of a super-tall building on coast of the Xiamen City during passage of typhoon Megi[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(1):1-9.
[9] 史文海,李正农,张传雄.温州地区近地强风特性实测研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(10):34-40.SHI Wenhai,LI Zhengnong,ZHANG Chuanxiong.Field measurements of strong wind characteristics near ground in Wenzhou district[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(10):34-40.
[10] 史文海,李正农,张传雄.温州地区不同时距下近地台风特性观测研究[J].空气动力学学报,2011,29(2):211-216.SHI Wenhai,LI Zhengnong,ZHANG Chuanxiong.Field measurements of different time interval typhoon characteristics near ground in Wenzhou district[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2011,29(2):211-216.
[11] 史文海,李正农,罗叠峰.台风“凡亚比”作用下超高层建筑风压特性的现场实测与风洞试验对比研究[J].空气动力学学报,2014,32(2):264-271.SHI Wenhai,LI Zhengnong,LUO Diefeng,et al.Comparison of field measurements and wind tunnel test of wind pressure characteristics over super-tall building during the passage of typhoon Fanabi[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2014,32(2):264-271.
[12] 史文海,李正农,秦良忠,等.近地面与超高空台风风场不同时距湍流特性对比分析[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(11):18-26.SHI Wenhai,LI Zhengnong,QIN Liangzhong,et al.Comparative study of turbulence characteristics at different time intervals of surface boundary layer and super-high altitude typhoon field[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(11):18-26.
[13] AIJRLB—2004 AIJ Recommendations for Loads on Buildings[S].Architectural Institute of Japan,2004.
[14] 建筑结构荷载规范,GB 50009—2012[S].北京:建筑工业出版社,2012.
[15] 王旭,黄超,黄鹏,等.台风“海葵”近地风脉动特性实测研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(11):199-205.WANG Xu,HUANG Chao,HUANG Peng,et al.Field measurements for characteristics of near ground fluctuating wind during typhoon “Haikui” blowing[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(11):199-205.
[16] 辛亚兵,刘志文,邵旭东,等.山区地形实测风非平稳特性和非高斯特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(21):247-252.XIN Yabing,LIU Zhiwen,SHAO Xudong,et al.Non-stationary and non-Gaussian features of mountain terrain measured wind[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(21):247-252.