米渣蛋白质酶解条件优化及对镉含量的影响
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摘要
溶解度低和镉含量高是米渣副产物中蛋白质资源利用的技术瓶颈。本试验以高镉含量米渣为原料,选用Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶,利用响应面中心组合试验设计对米渣蛋白质酶解条件进行优化。根据单因素试验结果,以酶解时间、pH、加酶量和底物浓度为因素,米渣蛋白质可溶性氮回收率为响应值,使用Design Expert 8.0对试验结果分析得到最佳酶解工艺参数为:温度60℃、加酶量1.25%、pH 8.0、底物浓度7.5%。此时,米渣蛋白质可溶性氮回收率为49.68%。不溶性酶解沉淀中镉含量为7.71mg/kg,相比米渣蛋白质增加了54.5%;酶解上清液冻干粉镉含量降低至1.43mg/kg,相比米渣蛋白质降低71.3%,验证了蛋白酶不仅可将大分子米渣蛋白质降解成小分子肽,同时也能将镉从米渣蛋白质大分子中解离出来。
Low solubility and high cadmium content are the technical bottlenecks of protein resource utilization in rice dregs byproducts.Rice dregs with high cadmium content were used as raw materials,Alcalase 2.4 Lalkaline protease was selected,The factors of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice dregs were studied by response surface center combinational design.According to the results of single-factor experiment,the time of enzymatic hydrolysis,pH,the amount of enzyme added and the concentration of substrate were taken as the influencing factors,and the soluble nitrogen recovery rate of rice dregs protein was taken as the response value.The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained by analyzing the experimental results with the assistance software Design Expert 8.0 and were as followed temperature 60℃,enzyme content 1.25%,pH 8.0,substrate concentration 7.5%.Under the condition the rice dregs protein soluble nitrogen recovery rate reached 49.68%.Under the conditon the cadmium content in insoluble enzymatic precipitation was 7.71 mg/kg,which increased by 54.5% by comparing with rice dregs protein.The cadmium content of soluble enzymatic hydrolysis supernatant was 1.43 mg/kg,71.3%lower than that of rice dregs protein.It was proved that the protease could not only degrade the rice dregs protein into small peptides but also dissociate cadmium from the rice dregs protein.
Low solubility and high cadmium content are the technical bottlenecks of protein resource utilization in rice dregs byproducts.Rice dregs with high cadmium content were used as raw materials,Alcalase 2.4 Lalkaline protease was selected,The factors of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice dregs were studied by response surface center combinational design.According to the results of single-factor experiment,the time of enzymatic hydrolysis,pH,the amount of enzyme added and the concentration of substrate were taken as the influencing factors,and the soluble nitrogen recovery rate of rice dregs protein was taken as the response value.The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained by analyzing the experimental results with the assistance software Design Expert 8.0 and were as followed temperature 60℃,enzyme content 1.25%,pH 8.0,substrate concentration 7.5%.Under the condition the rice dregs protein soluble nitrogen recovery rate reached 49.68%.Under the conditon the cadmium content in insoluble enzymatic precipitation was 7.71 mg/kg,which increased by 54.5% by comparing with rice dregs protein.The cadmium content of soluble enzymatic hydrolysis supernatant was 1.43 mg/kg,71.3%lower than that of rice dregs protein.It was proved that the protease could not only degrade the rice dregs protein into small peptides but also dissociate cadmium from the rice dregs protein.
引文
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[3]田蔚,林亲录,刘一洋.米渣蛋白的提取及应用研究[J].粮食加工,2009,34(2):31-33.
[4]银波.大米蛋白酶解-接枝共聚综合改性技术的研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2011:15-16.
[5]ZHAO Qiang,XIONG Hua,CORDELIA Selomulya,et al.Enzymatic hydrolysis of rice dreg protein:Effects of enzyme type on the functional properties and antioxidant activities of recovered proteins[J].Food Chemistry,2012,134(3):1 360-1 367.
[6]崔沙沙,钟俊桢,方冲,等.不同低水解度的大米蛋白溶解性与结构变化的关系[J].食品工业科技,2016(7):86-91.
[7]蒲利民,吴晓萍,王涛,等.蛋白酶水解马氏珠母贝肉对镉解离效果的研究[J].食品与机械,2013,29(1):66-71.
[8]贺建华,鹿麟,邵纯君,等.福林酚法与考马斯亮蓝法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液中蛋白质含量的比较[J].中国药师,2017(10):1 861-1 863.
[9]胡小玲,陈剑刚,张艳,等.ICP-OES测定大米中镉的方法研究[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(8):930-932.
[10]王素芳.米渣蛋白复合酶法改性工艺研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015:20-21.
[11]程云辉,王璋,许时婴.大孔吸附树脂对麦胚肽的吸附特性研究[J].食品与机械,2005,21(6):7-12.
[12]LI Xiang,XIONG Hua,YANG Kai-wu,et al.Optimization of the biological processing of rice dregs into nutritional peptides with the aid of trypsin[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology(Mysore),2012,49(5):537-546.
[13]孟祥勇,张慧恩,宋腾,等.响应面法优化微波辅助米渣蛋白糖基化改性工艺[J].食品工业科技,2018(1):156-161.
[14]李圆圆,王洪新,殷飞,等.响应面优化酶法提取茶渣蛋白的工艺研究[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(7):247-251.
[15]刘也嘉,林亲录,肖冬梅,等.大米乳酸菌发酵降镉工艺优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):276-282.
[16]马晓川,费浩.金属配位在多肽与蛋白质研究中的应用[J].化学进展,2016,28(2):184-192.
[17]FENG Wei,DONG Tian-tian,LI Ke-qiang,et al.Characterization of binding behaviors of Cd2+to rice proteins[J].Food Chemistry,2019,275:186-192.
[18]LIU Da-gang,LI Ze-hui,LI Wei,et al.Adsorption Behavior of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Soy Protein Hollow Microspheres[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(32):11 036-11 044.