硼氮化蓖麻油对菜籽油和矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响
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摘要
通过化学改性的方法在蓖麻油分子中引入硼、氮元素,合成出一种新型绿色润滑油添加剂硼氮化蓖麻油(简称BNC);采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察BNC对菜籽油和400SN矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析试球磨痕的表面形貌及磨斑表面的化学元素。结果表明:BNC对菜籽油基础油的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能明显优于400SN基础油,这可能是由于BNC分子极性较大,在菜籽油基础油中感受性较好。BNC能在一定程度上提高基础油的承载能力、极压能力和抗磨减摩能力,这可能是由于长链蓖麻油分子的载体作用、硼的缺电子性、氮的高反应活性在摩擦副表面形成复杂的化学反应膜后具有良好的抗磨减摩性能。EDS分析表明,BNC中的B、N功能元素在摩擦副表面有较多的沉积,说明添加剂中的B元素、N元素均参与了摩擦化学反应。
A novel BN-containing castor oil additive(abbreviated as BNC) was synthesized by introducing elemental boron and nitrogen into the castor oil molecule.The effects of BNC on the tribological properties of rapeseed oil and 400 SN mineral oil were investigated on a four-ball tribotester.The morphologies and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces lubricated by BNC-doped oil were examined by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results show that BNC has better anti-wear and friction reducing properties and extreme pressure performance on rapeseed oil than on 400 SN base oil.This may be due to the higher polarity of BNC molecules and better sensitivity in rapeseed oil.The BNC can improve the bearing capacity,extreme pressure capacity and anti-wear and friction reducing ability of the base oil to a certain extent.This may be due to the carrier action of long-chain castor oil molecules,the electron deficiency of boron,and the high reactivity of nitrogen,a complex chemical reaction film is formed on the surface of the friction pairs,which has good anti-wear and anti-friction properties.EDS analysis shows that the B and N functional elements in BNC is deposited on the surface of the friction pair,indicating that the B and N elements in the additive are involved in the tribochemical reaction.
A novel BN-containing castor oil additive(abbreviated as BNC) was synthesized by introducing elemental boron and nitrogen into the castor oil molecule.The effects of BNC on the tribological properties of rapeseed oil and 400 SN mineral oil were investigated on a four-ball tribotester.The morphologies and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces lubricated by BNC-doped oil were examined by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results show that BNC has better anti-wear and friction reducing properties and extreme pressure performance on rapeseed oil than on 400 SN base oil.This may be due to the higher polarity of BNC molecules and better sensitivity in rapeseed oil.The BNC can improve the bearing capacity,extreme pressure capacity and anti-wear and friction reducing ability of the base oil to a certain extent.This may be due to the carrier action of long-chain castor oil molecules,the electron deficiency of boron,and the high reactivity of nitrogen,a complex chemical reaction film is formed on the surface of the friction pairs,which has good anti-wear and anti-friction properties.EDS analysis shows that the B and N functional elements in BNC is deposited on the surface of the friction pair,indicating that the B and N elements in the additive are involved in the tribochemical reaction.
引文
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[2]乔森,史永刚,李子存,等.植物油基润滑油应用研究现状[J].当代化工,2017,46(5):969-974.QIAO S,SHI Y G,LI Z C,et al.Research on vegetable oil based lubricants[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(5):969-974.
[3]黄文轩.环境兼容润滑剂的综述[J].润滑油,1997,12(4):1-8.HUANG W X.A summary of environmental compatible lubricants[J].Libricating Oil,1997,12(4):1-8.
[4]雒建斌,李津津.摩擦学的进展和未来[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(12):1-10.LUO J B,LI J J.Advancements and future of tribology[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010,35(12):1-10.
[5]杨蔚权,陈波水,方建华,等.含氮基团与油酸甲酯型硼酸酯的摩擦学协同效应[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(3):305-311.YANG W Q,CHEN B S,FANG J H,et al.Tribological-synergistic effect of group containing nitrogen and boric acid ester from methyl oleate[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(3):305-311.
[6]杨蔚权,陈波水,方建华.油酸甲酯型含氮硼酸酯的合成及其抗磨减摩特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(1):82-87.YANG W Q,CHEN B S,FANG J H.Synthesis of boric acid ester containing nitrogen from methyl oleate and its tribological performance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(1):82-87.
[7]方建华,陈波水,董凌,等.硼氮化改性菜籽油润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2004,35(1):29-33.FANG J H,CHEN B S,DONG L,et al.The tribological behaviors of boron-nitrogen types modified rapeseed oil as lube additives[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2004,35(1):29-33.
[8]方建华,陈波水,董凌,等.硫化蓖麻油润滑添加剂在菜籽油基础油中的摩擦学性能[J].石油炼制与化工,2009,40(4):43-46.FANG J H,CHEN B S,DONG L,et al.The tribological behaviors of sulphurized castor oil lube additives[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2009,40(4):43-46.
[9]方建华,陈波水,王九,等.环氧油酸甲酯润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑油,2015,30(2):22-25.FANG J H,CHEN B S,WANG J,et al.Study on tribological properties of epoxy oleic acid methyl ester lube additives[J].Lubricating Oil,2015,30(2):22-25.
[10]方建华,陈波水,董凌,等.含硼和氮的脂肪酸水基润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能[J].摩擦学学报,2003,23(3):226-230.FANG J H,CHEN B S,DONG L,et al.Synthesis and tribological behavior of boron-nitrogen modified fatty acid as waterbased lubricating additive[J].Tribology,2003,23(3):226-230.
[11]方建华,陈波水,董凌,等.含硫、硼的改性菜籽油润滑添加剂的制备及摩擦学性能[J].石油学报(石油加工),2003,20(4):91-96.FANG J H,CHEN B S,DONG L,et al.Synthesis and tribological behavior of sulfur-boron incorporated modified rapeseed oil lube additives[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2003,20(4):91-96.
[12]陈波水,方建华,李芬芳.环境友好润滑剂[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2006.
[13]朱立业,陈立功,杨俊.绿色润滑剂的生态研究概况与进展[J].润滑油,2008,23(4):7-11.ZHU L Y,CHEN L G,YANG J.Survey and headway of the ecological study on green lubricants[J].Lubricating Oil,2008,23(4):7-11.
[14]史永刚.仪器分析实验技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2012.
[15]荆煦瑛.红外光谱实用指南[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1992.
[16]董浚修,罗新民.有机硼节能减摩剂的研究[J].合成润滑材料,1991,18(4):36-41.DONG J X,LUO X M.Study on the energy-saving and frictionreducing additive of organoboron[J].Synthetic Lubricants,1991,18(4):36-41.