甘蔗家系的遗传测定与选择
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摘要
以2013—2014年配制的108个甘蔗常用组合为研究对象,进行了1新1宿家系试验。通过测定家系新植和宿根的株高、茎径、丛有效茎数、锤度及新植丛重、新植锤重性状,分析各性状的遗传变异及估计性状的遗传参数,并进行了家系的综合指数选择。结果表明:除宿根丛有效茎数之外,其他所有性状在家系间均存在极显著差异;新植蔗的株高、茎径、丛有效茎数的广义遗传力、遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度均高于宿根蔗的。新植蔗和宿根蔗的锤度的广义遗传力、遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度的差异无统计学意义;在新植家系的性状相关分析中,只有锤重与丛重之间,表型和遗传相关达到了极显著水平;通过综合指数选择,选出了湛蔗74–141×CP72–1210、桂糖05–3084×粤糖91–976、云蔗02–588×ROC22、福农39号×桂糖03–1229、桂糖02–901×桂糖03–2357、桂糖05–2743×桂糖03–1229、桂糖92–66×ROC22、德蔗93–88×ROC22、桂糖05–3445×桂糖03–2309、粤糖00–319×CP72–1210、桂糖03–3089×ROC22、粤糖91–976×CP84–1198、粤辐90–95×CP72–1210、云蔗99–601×桂糖00–122、粤糖00–236×ROC22共15个优良家系,入选家系的丛重和锤重的遗传增益较大;综合指数选择与以锤重单性状选择的结果不完全相同,秩次相关系数为0.748,达极显著水平。
Sugarcane family evaluation with 108 of 2013–2014 hybridized combinations was conducted for one plant crop and one ratoon crop. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool and brix were investigated in both plant cane and ratoon cane, while weight per stool and brix weight per stool were measured only in plant cane. Genetic variation and genetic parameters of all traits were analyzed, and the families were evaluated by comprehensive index method. The results showed that stalk height in plant and ratoon, stalk diameter in plant and ratoon, stalk number per stool in plant, brix in plant and ratoon, weight per stool and brix weight per stool were significantly different among the families. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool of plant crop performed higher level of broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic than those in ratoon crop. But there were no significantly difference in broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic of brix between plant crop and ratoon crop. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation showed that weight per stool was significantly correlated with brix weight per stool. Fifteen elite families including Zhanzhe74–141×CP72–1210, Guitang05–3081× Yuetang91– 976, Yunzhe02–588×ROC22, Funong39×Guitang03–1229, Guitang02–901×Guitang03–2357, Guitang05–2743× Guitang03– 1229, Guitang92–66×ROC22, Dezhe93–88×ROC22, Guitang05–3445×Guitang03–2309, Yuetang00–319× CP72–1210, Guitang03–3089×ROC22, Yuetang91–976×CP84–1198, Yuefu90–95×CP72–1210, Yunzhe99–601×Guitang00–122, Yuetang00–236×ROC22 were selected based on comprehensive index method, and weight per stool and brix weight per stool showed greater genetic gain. The families selected by comprehensive index selection were not completely the same as the families selected by brix weight per stool, the rank correlation coefficient of thefamilies selected from comprehensive index selection and brix weight per stool selection was 0.748(P<0.01).
Sugarcane family evaluation with 108 of 2013–2014 hybridized combinations was conducted for one plant crop and one ratoon crop. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool and brix were investigated in both plant cane and ratoon cane, while weight per stool and brix weight per stool were measured only in plant cane. Genetic variation and genetic parameters of all traits were analyzed, and the families were evaluated by comprehensive index method. The results showed that stalk height in plant and ratoon, stalk diameter in plant and ratoon, stalk number per stool in plant, brix in plant and ratoon, weight per stool and brix weight per stool were significantly different among the families. Stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk number per stool of plant crop performed higher level of broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic than those in ratoon crop. But there were no significantly difference in broad-sense heritability, genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic of brix between plant crop and ratoon crop. Analysis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation showed that weight per stool was significantly correlated with brix weight per stool. Fifteen elite families including Zhanzhe74–141×CP72–1210, Guitang05–3081× Yuetang91– 976, Yunzhe02–588×ROC22, Funong39×Guitang03–1229, Guitang02–901×Guitang03–2357, Guitang05–2743× Guitang03– 1229, Guitang92–66×ROC22, Dezhe93–88×ROC22, Guitang05–3445×Guitang03–2309, Yuetang00–319× CP72–1210, Guitang03–3089×ROC22, Yuetang91–976×CP84–1198, Yuefu90–95×CP72–1210, Yunzhe99–601×Guitang00–122, Yuetang00–236×ROC22 were selected based on comprehensive index method, and weight per stool and brix weight per stool showed greater genetic gain. The families selected by comprehensive index selection were not completely the same as the families selected by brix weight per stool, the rank correlation coefficient of thefamilies selected from comprehensive index selection and brix weight per stool selection was 0.748(P<0.01).
引文
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[22]Cassia A P,Marcio H P B,Felipe L S,et al.Repeatability of full-sib sugarcane families across harvests and the efficiency of early selection[J].Euphytica,2011(182):423–430.
[23]张颉成,陈永基,谢颂强.甘蔗按质论价在糖厂的实践应用[J].甘蔗糖业,2005(2):50–54.
[24]徐良年,邓祖湖,林彦铨,等.经济遗传值在甘蔗选育种应用研究系列(三)甘蔗亲本经济育种值和家系经济遗传值分析[J].中国糖料,2013(1):5–8.
[2]李杨瑞,方锋学,吴建明,等.2010/2011榨季广西甘蔗生产冻害调查及防御对策[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(1):37–42.
[3]王建南,陈如凯,薛其清,等.从配合力分析探讨甘蔗家系抗黑穗病的育种潜力[J].植物保护学报,1996,23(3):241–246.
[4]刘少谋,王勤南,符成,等.甘蔗常用亲本及杂交组合家系评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(2):234–240.
[5]陈如凯,林彦铨,张木清,等.现代甘蔗育种的理论与实践[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:57–58.
[6]徐良年,邓祖湖,林彦铨,等.经济遗传值在甘蔗选育种应用研究系列(二)甘蔗亲本育种值和家系遗传值分析[J].中国糖料,2012(4):5–12.
[7]吴才文.澳大利亚甘蔗家系选择技术简介[J].甘蔗糖业,2007(1):6–9.
[8]吴才文,刘家勇,赵俊,等.甘蔗引进亲本创新利用及育种潜力分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(6):1671–1675.
[9]Stringer J K,Cox M C,Atkin F C,et al.Family selection improves the efficiency and effectiveness of selecting original seedlings and parents[J].Sugar tech,2011,13(1):36–41.
[10]Hugo Z N,Edelclaiton D,Joao C B F,et al.Selection of families and parents of sugarcane(Saccharum spp.)through mixed models by joint analysis of two harvests[J].Euphytica,2013(193):391–408.
[11]邓祖湖,徐良年,韦先明,等.经济遗传值在甘蔗选育种的应用研究系列(一)经济遗传值及性状经济权重的确定[J].中国糖料,2011(1):39–43.
[12]杨昆,赵培方,赵俊,等.甘蔗家系经济性状遗传变异分析及综合选择[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(2):213–219.
[13]刘来福,毛盛贤,黄远樟.作物数量遗传[M].北京:农业出版社,1984:110–180.
[14]孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:183–239.
[15]盛志廉,陈瑶生.数量遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:260–267.
[16]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[17]郑畹,舒筱武,李思广,等.云南松优良家系、单株主要性状的遗传分析及综合选择[J].云南林业科技,2003(4):1–11.
[18]王丽芳,安三平,王美琴,等.丽江云杉家系主要性状遗传分析及综合选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):8–12.
[19]宋璐,齐德新,马建伟,等.川西云杉家系苗期性状遗传通径分析及综合选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(7):20–23.
[20]沈熙环.林木育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:168–169.
[21]刘榜.家畜育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:58.
[22]Cassia A P,Marcio H P B,Felipe L S,et al.Repeatability of full-sib sugarcane families across harvests and the efficiency of early selection[J].Euphytica,2011(182):423–430.
[23]张颉成,陈永基,谢颂强.甘蔗按质论价在糖厂的实践应用[J].甘蔗糖业,2005(2):50–54.
[24]徐良年,邓祖湖,林彦铨,等.经济遗传值在甘蔗选育种应用研究系列(三)甘蔗亲本经济育种值和家系经济遗传值分析[J].中国糖料,2013(1):5–8.