滇南亚高山巨桉种源/家系变异及早期选择研究
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摘要
为筛选滇南亚高山的巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)优良品系,对53月生的巨桉11种源173家系的生长性状进行分析。结果表明,所有生长性状在种源和家系间均呈极显著差异;胸径、树高、单株材积、干形、分枝和冠幅的表型和遗传变异系数分别为26.90%~28.84%、23.84%~25.28%、62.34~67.55、13.04%~25.62%、13.04%~25.41%和35.07~39.93,各性状种源遗传力为0.94~0.96,家系遗传力为0.88~0.95。相关分析表明,胸径与树高、单株材积、干形和冠幅呈极显著正相关,树高与其他性状均呈极显著正相关关系,干形与分枝的相关系数为0.70,冠幅与干形和分枝均呈负相关关系(r2=-0.03)。单株材积的遗传增益始终最大,以5%为入选率时,遗传增益高达66.11%;入选率不同,胸径与树高、干形与分枝的遗传增益的变化趋势基本相同,但不同性状的遗传增益值的排序发生变化。以10%为入选率,经综合指数选择有17个家系入选,均来自1号(昆士兰Copperlode)、4号(昆士兰Koombooloomba)、6号(昆士兰Copperlode Falls Dam)、7号(昆士兰Bambaroo)、9号(福建天马东溪)和11号(四川乐山)种源,2号(昆士兰Ravenshoe)和8号(昆士兰Tully Gorge National Park)种源表现最差,排前6名的家系为289号、283号、2号、42号、121号和82号,也分别分布在入选种源中,说明入选家系不仅生长优良而且遗传多样性比较丰富。
In order to select excellent strains of Eucalyptus grandis, the growth traits, quality traits and crown width of 173 families from 11 provenances at 53-month-old grown in alpestrine of south Yunnan were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth traits, quality traits and crown width among provenances and families. The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of DBH, H, V, stem form, branch and crown width were 26.90% ~ 28.84%, 23.84% ~ 25.28%, 62.34 ~ 67.55, 13.04% ~ 25.62%, 13.04% ~ 25.41% and 35.07 ~ 39.93, respectively. The provenance heritabilities were ranged from 0.94 to 0.96 and the family heritabilities were ranged from 0.88 to 0.95. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between DBH with H, V, stem form and crown width, also between H with other traits. The correlation coefficient between stem form and branch were 0.70, while that between crown width with stem form and branch were-0.03. The genetic gain of V was the biggest among all traits, and it was 66.11% by 5% selection rate. The change trend of genetic gain in H, DBH, stem form and branch were similar under different selection rate whereas the rank of their genetic gain was different. The 17 families were selected under 10% selection rate by comprehensive index selection, which derived from No. 1(Copperlode, QLD), No. 4(Koombooloomba, QLD), No. 6(Copperlode Falls Dam, QLD), No. 7(Bambaroo, QLD), No. 9(Tianma, Dongxi, Fujian), and No. 11(Leshan, Sichuan) provenances. The provenances of No. 2(Ravenshoe, QLD) and No. 8(Tully Gorge National Park, QLD) grow slowly. The best six families were No. 289, No. 283, No. 2, No. 42, No. 121 and No. 82, derived from six selected provenances, indicating that the selected families not only had good growth and branch traits but also had rich genetic diversity.
In order to select excellent strains of Eucalyptus grandis, the growth traits, quality traits and crown width of 173 families from 11 provenances at 53-month-old grown in alpestrine of south Yunnan were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth traits, quality traits and crown width among provenances and families. The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of DBH, H, V, stem form, branch and crown width were 26.90% ~ 28.84%, 23.84% ~ 25.28%, 62.34 ~ 67.55, 13.04% ~ 25.62%, 13.04% ~ 25.41% and 35.07 ~ 39.93, respectively. The provenance heritabilities were ranged from 0.94 to 0.96 and the family heritabilities were ranged from 0.88 to 0.95. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between DBH with H, V, stem form and crown width, also between H with other traits. The correlation coefficient between stem form and branch were 0.70, while that between crown width with stem form and branch were-0.03. The genetic gain of V was the biggest among all traits, and it was 66.11% by 5% selection rate. The change trend of genetic gain in H, DBH, stem form and branch were similar under different selection rate whereas the rank of their genetic gain was different. The 17 families were selected under 10% selection rate by comprehensive index selection, which derived from No. 1(Copperlode, QLD), No. 4(Koombooloomba, QLD), No. 6(Copperlode Falls Dam, QLD), No. 7(Bambaroo, QLD), No. 9(Tianma, Dongxi, Fujian), and No. 11(Leshan, Sichuan) provenances. The provenances of No. 2(Ravenshoe, QLD) and No. 8(Tully Gorge National Park, QLD) grow slowly. The best six families were No. 289, No. 283, No. 2, No. 42, No. 121 and No. 82, derived from six selected provenances, indicating that the selected families not only had good growth and branch traits but also had rich genetic diversity.
引文
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[2]HUANG L B,DELL B.Database system approach for integrated plantation nutrition management[M]//WEI R P,XU D P.Eucalyptus Plantations:Research,Management and Development.Guangzhou:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd.,2002:290–300.
[3]DANUSEVI?IUS D,LINDGREN D.Clonal testing may be the best approach to long-term breeding of Eucalyptus[M]//WEI R P,XU D P.Eucalyptus Plantations:Research,Management and Development.Guangzhou:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd.,2002:192–209.
[4]MARTIN B.Eucalyptus:A strategic forest tree[M]//WEI R P,XU D P.Eucalyptus Plantations:Research,Management and Development.Guangzhou:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd.,2002:3–18.
[5]KIEN N D,JANSSON G,HARWOOD C,et al.Genetic control of growth and form in Eucalyptus urophylla in northern Vietnam[J].J Trop For Sci,2009,21(1):50–65.
[6]WARREN E,SMITH R G B,Apiolaza L A,et al.Effect of stocking on juvenile wood stiffness for three Eucalyptus species[J].New For,2009,37(3):241–250.doi:10.1007/s11056-008-9120-9.
[7]Mc KENNEY D W.Australian tree species selection in China[R/OL].Impact Assessment Series Report,No.8.Canberra:ACIAR,1998.http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/47500/2/IAS08.PDF
[8]QI S X.Eucalyptus in China[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2002:34–55.祁述雄.中国桉树[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002:34–55.
[9]BAI J Y,XU J M,GAN S M.Genetic improvement of tropical eucalypts in China[C]//TURNBULL J W.Eucalypts in Asia:Proceedings of an International Conference,held in Zhanjiang,Guangdong,People’s Republic of China,7–11 April 2003.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,2003:64–70.
[10]van BUEREN M.Eucalypt tree improvement in China[R/OL].Impact Assessment Series Report No.30.Canberra:ACIAR,2004.http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/609/ias30.pdf
[11]QI S X.Applied Eucalypt Cultivation in China[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2007:1–164.祁述雄.桉树栽培实用技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:1–164.
[12]ZHANG J,CHEN G C,XU J M,et al.Comprehensive selection for Eucalyptus grandis provenances and families[J].J Trop Subtrop Bot,2016,24(3):280–286.doi:10.11926/j.issn.1005-3395.2016.03.006.张捷,陈广超,徐建民,等.巨桉种源/家系综合选择研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(3):280–286.doi:10.11926/j.issn.1005-3395.2016.03.006.
[13]MO X Y,PENG S Y,LONG T,et al.Important traits and combined evaluation of eucalypt clones[M]//WEI R P,XU D P.Eucalyptus Plantations:Research,Management and Development.Guangzhou:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd.,2002:102–108.
[14]LU Z H.Genectic analysis and F1 selection of Eucalyptus urophyllaintraspecific and interspecific crossing combinations[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2009:1–134.陆钊华.尾叶桉种内种间交配遗传分析及F1选择研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009:1–134.
[15]WU S J.Genotypic variation and selection in Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid clones with E.urophylla[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2012:1–162.吴世军.尾叶桉及其杂种无性系遗传变异与选择研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012:1–162.
[16]QIU J Q,LAN H S,XIE G Y,et al.A primary report on the provenance/family trial on Eucalyptus grandis[J].Acta Agri Univ Jiangxi,2002,24(4):517–521.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2002.04.021.邱进清,兰贺胜,谢国阳,等.巨桉种源/家系引种试验[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(4):517–521.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2002.04.021.
[17]XU J M,LU Z H,LI G Y,et al.Study on integrated selection of provenances-families of Eucalyptus tereticornis[J].For Res,2003,16(1):1–7.徐建民,陆钊华,李光友,等.细叶桉种源-家系综合选择的研究[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(1):1–7.
[18]SAS Institute Inc.The TTEST procedure[C]//SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers.6th ed.Cary,NC:SAS Institute Inc.,1985:347–352.
[19]LIAO B Y,LIU L T,MO X Y,et al.The selection analysis of10-year-old Eucalyptus pellita provenance and family[J].J S China Agri Univ,2011,32(4):72–77,81.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-411X.2011.04.016.廖柏勇,刘丽婷,莫晓勇,等.10年生粗皮桉种源家系选择分析[J].华南农业大学学报,2011,32(4):72–77,81.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-411X.2011.04.016.