岩棉营养液栽培条件下温室番茄耗水规律的研究
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摘要
以粉果番茄"欧官"为试验材料,对不同生育期内典型天气条件下温室岩棉营养液栽培番茄的耗水日变化规律及番茄日耗水量进行了分析,并对温室内环境因子与番茄耗水量进行了相关性分析。结果表明:温室番茄在午间(14:00左右)会出现午休现象,即番茄耗水速率呈现双峰曲线;但室内温度过高、光照过强会打破番茄午休现象,耗水一直维持较高的水平。番茄耗水量与温室内温度、光照具有极显著的相关性,耗水变化规律与温室内光照变化规律一致,并具有一定的滞后性。上述结果可为温室岩棉营养液栽培番茄的高频率精准灌溉提供指导,为温室番茄自动灌溉提供依据。
Taking tomato variety "Ouguan"as test material,this paper analyzed the daily variation rule of water consumption and tomato daily water consumption in glasshouse under rock wool nutrient solution cultivation system and typical weather conditions in different growth periods; and carried out correlation analysis on environmental factors and tomato water consumption in greenhouse. The results showed that at noon( around 14: 00) greenhouse tomato would take a midday rest when tomato water consumption rate showed a bimodal curve; but the exorbitant temperature inside of greenhouse and too strong light would stop tomato plant lunch break,and water consumption would maintain at a high level. The tomato water consumption had a significant correlation with indoor temperature and light in the greenhouse. The changing rule of water consumption was consistent with the trend of light changing rule in the greenhouse,but it had certain hysteresis quality. Above results provided guidance for high-frequency precise irrigation of greenhouse rock-cultivated tomato and also reference data for automatic greenhouse tomato irrigation.
Taking tomato variety "Ouguan"as test material,this paper analyzed the daily variation rule of water consumption and tomato daily water consumption in glasshouse under rock wool nutrient solution cultivation system and typical weather conditions in different growth periods; and carried out correlation analysis on environmental factors and tomato water consumption in greenhouse. The results showed that at noon( around 14: 00) greenhouse tomato would take a midday rest when tomato water consumption rate showed a bimodal curve; but the exorbitant temperature inside of greenhouse and too strong light would stop tomato plant lunch break,and water consumption would maintain at a high level. The tomato water consumption had a significant correlation with indoor temperature and light in the greenhouse. The changing rule of water consumption was consistent with the trend of light changing rule in the greenhouse,but it had certain hysteresis quality. Above results provided guidance for high-frequency precise irrigation of greenhouse rock-cultivated tomato and also reference data for automatic greenhouse tomato irrigation.
引文
[1]梁晓芬.滴灌技术在农业中的应用及发展[J].农家参谋,2018(21):40,65.
[2]范博.节水现状存在的水资源问题及保护措施探究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(8):69-70.
[3]杨骞,秦文晋,王弘儒.中国农业用水生态足迹的地区差异及影响因素:2000-2014[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(4):135-145.Yang Q, Qin W J, Wang H R. Regional difference andinfluencing factors of ecological footprint for agricultural wateruse in China:2000-2014[J]. Rev. Econ. Manage.,2017,33(4):135-145.
[4] Rana G,Katerji N. Measurement and estimation of actualevapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate:Areview[J]. Eur. J. Agron.,2000,13(2):125-153.
[5]孔德杰,张源沛,郑国保,等.不同灌水量对日光温室番茄耗水规律的影响[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(4):53-55.Kong D J,Zhang Y P,Zheng G B,et al.. Effects of irrigationquantity on tomato water consumption in solar greenhouse[J].J. Agric. Sci.,2010,31(4):53-55.
[6]冯诚,张友贤,方小宇.滴灌条件下番茄需水规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(6):49-50,52.Feng C,Zhang Y X,Fang X Y. Study of tomato water demandregulation under the condition of drip irrigation[J]. J. AnhuiAgric. Sci.,2015,43(6):49-50,52.
[7]原保忠,康跃虎.番茄滴灌在日光温室内耗水规律的初步研究[J].节水灌溉,2000(3):25-27,40.Yuan B Z, Kang Y H. Elementary studies on waterconsumption rules of tomato with drip irrigation in greenhouse ofsunshine[J]. Water Sav. Irrig.,2000(3):25-27,40.
[8]郑耀泉.滴灌系统设计供水比对滴灌费用的影响[J].农业工程学报,1993(3):45-52.Zheng Y Q. Influence of designed water application ration dripirrigation system cost[J]. Trans. CSAE,1993(3):45-52.
[9]孔德杰,郑国宝,张源沛,等.不同灌水量对设施番茄产量和耗水规律的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2010(24):45-48.Kong D J,Zheng G B,Zhang Y P,et al.. Effect of differentirrigation amounts on yield and water consumption pattern oftomato in greenhouse[J]. J. Changjiang Veget.,2010(24):45-48.
[10]刘浩,孙景生,梁媛媛,等.滴灌条件下温室番茄需水量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1201-1206.Liu H,Sun J S,Liang Y Y,et al.. Estimation model for waterrequirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation[J].Chin. J. Appl. Ecol.,2011,22(5):1201-1206.
[11]沙尼娅·沙力克.浅谈影响农户级实用标准滴灌系统投资的因素[J].中国水运(下半月),2013,13(1):185-186.
[12]徐善坤.荷兰温室番茄岩棉栽培技术[J].农村实用工程技术(温室园艺),2004(8):34-35.
[13]徐凡,赵倩,贾冬冬,等.循环式岩棉栽培水肥一体化装备及控制系统研发[J].农业工程,2017,7(4):45-49.Xu F,Zhao Q,Jia D D,et al.. Integrated water and fertilizerequipment and control system in closed rookwool cultivation[J]. Agric. Engin.,2017,7(4):45-49.
[14]陈春良.荷兰、日本、以色列设施农业发展经验与政策启示[J].政策瞭望,2016(9):47-50.
[15] Stenidle Neto A J,Zolnier S,de Carvalho D. Development andevaluation of an automated system for fertigation control insoilless tomato production[J]. Comp. Electron. Agric.,2014,103:17-25.
[16] Moreira Barradas J M, Matula S, Dolezal F. A decisionsupport systerm-fertigation simulator(DSS-FS)for design andoptimization of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems[J]. Comp.Electron. Agric.,2012,86:111-119.
[17]水利部. SL13-2015灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[18]许高平.基于蒸渗仪的夏玉米耗水特征研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,博士学位论文,2014.Xu G P. A lysimeter study for the characteristic of waterconsumption of summer maize[D]. Beijing:ChinaAgricultural University,Doctor Dissertation,2014.
[19]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪的日光温室黄瓜蒸腾规律研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):52-56.Niu Y,Liu H L,Wu W Y,et al.. Cucumber transpiration bylarge-scale weighting lysimeter in solar greenhouse[J]. Trans.CSAE,2011,27(1):52-56.
[20]娄旭东,徐滨.不同土壤条件对番茄叶片气孔导度的影响[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(6):111-112.Lou X D,Xu B. Effect of different soil on stomatal conductanceof tomato[J]. Tianjin Agric. Sci.,2011,17(6):111-112.
[21] Ismail S M,Ozawa K,Khondaker N A. Influence of single andmultiple water application timings on yield and water useefficiency in tomato(var. First power)[J]. Agric. WaterManage.,2008,95(2):116-122.
[22]孙洪仁,韩建国,张英俊,等.蒸腾系数、耗水量和耗水系数的含义及其内在联系[A].见:中国草学会.中国草学会第六届二次会议暨国际学术研讨会论文集[C].呼和浩特,2004.
[23]徐淑贞,张双宝,鲁俊奇,等.日光温室滴灌番茄需水规律及水分生产函数的研究与应用[J].节水灌溉,2001(4):26-28.
[24]凡久彬.温室番茄膜下滴灌需水规律试验研究[J].吉林水利,2016(2):14-16,31.
[25]刘浩,孙景生,王聪聪,等.温室番茄需水特性及影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2011(4):11-14.Liu H, Sun J S, Wang C C, et al.. Analysis of waterrequirement characteristics and influencing factors ofgreenhouse[J]. Water Sav. Irrig.,2011(4):11-14.
[26]宫丽丹,倪书邦,贺熙勇,等.澳洲坚果耗水规律及灌溉制度研[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(36):99-102.Gong L D, Ni S B, He X Y, et al.. Study on waterconsumption law and irrigation system of macadamia[J]. Chin.Agric. Sci. Bull.,2015,31(36):99-102.
[27]陈新明,蔡焕杰,李红星,等.温室内作物腾发量计算与验证[J].水科学进展,2007(6):812-815.Chen X M, Cai H J, Li H X, et al.. Calculation andverification of crop evapotranspiration in greenhouse[J]. Adv.Water Sci.,2007(6):812-815.
[28] Hasanuzzaman M,Nahar K,Alam M M,et al.. Physiological,biochemical,and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerancein plants[J]. Int. J. Mol. Sci.,2013,14:9643-9684.
[29]王玉涛.北京城市优良抗旱节水植物材料的筛选与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,博士学位论文,2008.Wang Y T. Selection and evaluation on superior plant materialsfor drought resistant and water-saving in Beijing[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,Doctor Dissertation,2008.
[30]屠小菊,汪启明,饶力群.高温胁迫对植物生理生化的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013(13):28-30.Tu X J,Wang Q M,Rao L Q. Effects of high temperaturestress on physiology and biochemistry of plant[J]. HunanAgric. Sci.,2013(13):28-30.
[2]范博.节水现状存在的水资源问题及保护措施探究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2016,44(8):69-70.
[3]杨骞,秦文晋,王弘儒.中国农业用水生态足迹的地区差异及影响因素:2000-2014[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(4):135-145.Yang Q, Qin W J, Wang H R. Regional difference andinfluencing factors of ecological footprint for agricultural wateruse in China:2000-2014[J]. Rev. Econ. Manage.,2017,33(4):135-145.
[4] Rana G,Katerji N. Measurement and estimation of actualevapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate:Areview[J]. Eur. J. Agron.,2000,13(2):125-153.
[5]孔德杰,张源沛,郑国保,等.不同灌水量对日光温室番茄耗水规律的影响[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(4):53-55.Kong D J,Zhang Y P,Zheng G B,et al.. Effects of irrigationquantity on tomato water consumption in solar greenhouse[J].J. Agric. Sci.,2010,31(4):53-55.
[6]冯诚,张友贤,方小宇.滴灌条件下番茄需水规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(6):49-50,52.Feng C,Zhang Y X,Fang X Y. Study of tomato water demandregulation under the condition of drip irrigation[J]. J. AnhuiAgric. Sci.,2015,43(6):49-50,52.
[7]原保忠,康跃虎.番茄滴灌在日光温室内耗水规律的初步研究[J].节水灌溉,2000(3):25-27,40.Yuan B Z, Kang Y H. Elementary studies on waterconsumption rules of tomato with drip irrigation in greenhouse ofsunshine[J]. Water Sav. Irrig.,2000(3):25-27,40.
[8]郑耀泉.滴灌系统设计供水比对滴灌费用的影响[J].农业工程学报,1993(3):45-52.Zheng Y Q. Influence of designed water application ration dripirrigation system cost[J]. Trans. CSAE,1993(3):45-52.
[9]孔德杰,郑国宝,张源沛,等.不同灌水量对设施番茄产量和耗水规律的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2010(24):45-48.Kong D J,Zheng G B,Zhang Y P,et al.. Effect of differentirrigation amounts on yield and water consumption pattern oftomato in greenhouse[J]. J. Changjiang Veget.,2010(24):45-48.
[10]刘浩,孙景生,梁媛媛,等.滴灌条件下温室番茄需水量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1201-1206.Liu H,Sun J S,Liang Y Y,et al.. Estimation model for waterrequirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation[J].Chin. J. Appl. Ecol.,2011,22(5):1201-1206.
[11]沙尼娅·沙力克.浅谈影响农户级实用标准滴灌系统投资的因素[J].中国水运(下半月),2013,13(1):185-186.
[12]徐善坤.荷兰温室番茄岩棉栽培技术[J].农村实用工程技术(温室园艺),2004(8):34-35.
[13]徐凡,赵倩,贾冬冬,等.循环式岩棉栽培水肥一体化装备及控制系统研发[J].农业工程,2017,7(4):45-49.Xu F,Zhao Q,Jia D D,et al.. Integrated water and fertilizerequipment and control system in closed rookwool cultivation[J]. Agric. Engin.,2017,7(4):45-49.
[14]陈春良.荷兰、日本、以色列设施农业发展经验与政策启示[J].政策瞭望,2016(9):47-50.
[15] Stenidle Neto A J,Zolnier S,de Carvalho D. Development andevaluation of an automated system for fertigation control insoilless tomato production[J]. Comp. Electron. Agric.,2014,103:17-25.
[16] Moreira Barradas J M, Matula S, Dolezal F. A decisionsupport systerm-fertigation simulator(DSS-FS)for design andoptimization of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems[J]. Comp.Electron. Agric.,2012,86:111-119.
[17]水利部. SL13-2015灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[18]许高平.基于蒸渗仪的夏玉米耗水特征研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,博士学位论文,2014.Xu G P. A lysimeter study for the characteristic of waterconsumption of summer maize[D]. Beijing:ChinaAgricultural University,Doctor Dissertation,2014.
[19]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪的日光温室黄瓜蒸腾规律研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):52-56.Niu Y,Liu H L,Wu W Y,et al.. Cucumber transpiration bylarge-scale weighting lysimeter in solar greenhouse[J]. Trans.CSAE,2011,27(1):52-56.
[20]娄旭东,徐滨.不同土壤条件对番茄叶片气孔导度的影响[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(6):111-112.Lou X D,Xu B. Effect of different soil on stomatal conductanceof tomato[J]. Tianjin Agric. Sci.,2011,17(6):111-112.
[21] Ismail S M,Ozawa K,Khondaker N A. Influence of single andmultiple water application timings on yield and water useefficiency in tomato(var. First power)[J]. Agric. WaterManage.,2008,95(2):116-122.
[22]孙洪仁,韩建国,张英俊,等.蒸腾系数、耗水量和耗水系数的含义及其内在联系[A].见:中国草学会.中国草学会第六届二次会议暨国际学术研讨会论文集[C].呼和浩特,2004.
[23]徐淑贞,张双宝,鲁俊奇,等.日光温室滴灌番茄需水规律及水分生产函数的研究与应用[J].节水灌溉,2001(4):26-28.
[24]凡久彬.温室番茄膜下滴灌需水规律试验研究[J].吉林水利,2016(2):14-16,31.
[25]刘浩,孙景生,王聪聪,等.温室番茄需水特性及影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2011(4):11-14.Liu H, Sun J S, Wang C C, et al.. Analysis of waterrequirement characteristics and influencing factors ofgreenhouse[J]. Water Sav. Irrig.,2011(4):11-14.
[26]宫丽丹,倪书邦,贺熙勇,等.澳洲坚果耗水规律及灌溉制度研[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(36):99-102.Gong L D, Ni S B, He X Y, et al.. Study on waterconsumption law and irrigation system of macadamia[J]. Chin.Agric. Sci. Bull.,2015,31(36):99-102.
[27]陈新明,蔡焕杰,李红星,等.温室内作物腾发量计算与验证[J].水科学进展,2007(6):812-815.Chen X M, Cai H J, Li H X, et al.. Calculation andverification of crop evapotranspiration in greenhouse[J]. Adv.Water Sci.,2007(6):812-815.
[28] Hasanuzzaman M,Nahar K,Alam M M,et al.. Physiological,biochemical,and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerancein plants[J]. Int. J. Mol. Sci.,2013,14:9643-9684.
[29]王玉涛.北京城市优良抗旱节水植物材料的筛选与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,博士学位论文,2008.Wang Y T. Selection and evaluation on superior plant materialsfor drought resistant and water-saving in Beijing[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,Doctor Dissertation,2008.
[30]屠小菊,汪启明,饶力群.高温胁迫对植物生理生化的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013(13):28-30.Tu X J,Wang Q M,Rao L Q. Effects of high temperaturestress on physiology and biochemistry of plant[J]. HunanAgric. Sci.,2013(13):28-30.