上海和雅安两地不同育幼方式大熊猫幼仔生长发育的初步研究
|
摘要
上海作为典型的低海拔地区,气候、环境等条件均与大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca栖息地存在很大差异。为了研究在上海出生并生活的大熊猫幼仔的生长发育情况,以及与四川雅安的大熊猫幼仔生长发育是否存在差异,本文比较分析了上海、雅安两地大熊猫幼仔在母兽哺育、人工辅助育幼2种育幼方式下的体质量、体尺和其他器官的生长发育情况,并采用Chapman生长模型模拟了两地大熊猫幼仔的生长曲线。研究发现:上海大熊猫幼仔40 d、60 d和70 d的体质量显著大于四川雅安大熊猫幼仔(P <0. 05);母兽哺育的大熊猫幼仔40 d、60 d和70 d的体质量显著大于人工辅助育幼的大熊猫幼仔(P <0. 05);雄性大熊猫幼仔40 d、60 d、70 d和100 d的体质量显著大于雌性大熊猫幼仔(P <0. 05)。整体而言,大熊猫幼仔的体长增长最快,其次为腹围,尾长最慢。母兽哺育大熊猫幼仔的体尺数据稍高于人工辅助育幼,与海拔无关;而相同育幼方式下,高、低海拔组幼仔体尺之间的差异无明显规律。Chapman生长模型很好地模拟了上海和雅安两地大熊猫幼仔0～120 d的生长曲线,但2条曲线在拐点日龄、拐点体质量、最大生长率均存在一些差异。通过对两地大熊猫幼仔生长发育的差异研究,为上海地区繁育大熊猫提供了科学依据。
As a typical low-altitude area,the climate and environment conditions of Shanghai are significantly different from the habitats of giant pandas( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). In order to investigate the difference on growth and development between the panda cubs born and living in Shanghai,and the panda cubs in Ya'an,Sichuan province,the current study analyzed the difference of pandas' body mass,body size,and organ development by maternal rearing and artificial rearing in Shanghai and Ya'an. The growth curves of pandas in the 2 regions were simulated by using Chapman growth model.The results showed that the body mass of panda cubs in low altitude area were significantly higher than those in high altitude area at 40 d,60 d and 70 d( P < 0. 05); The body mass of panda cubs by maternal rearing were significantly higher than the artificial rearing( P < 0. 05); The body mass of male panda cubs were significantly higher than the females at 40 d,60 d,70 d and 100 d( P < 0. 05). Generally,these results indicated that the panda cubs had the fastest growth in body length,followed by abdominal circumference,and the tail growth was the slowest. Either in high-altitude area or in low-altitude area,the body measurement of panda cubs by the way of maternal rearing were slightly higher than those in the artificial rearing group; there was no significant difference on the body size of panda cubs between the high and low altitude groups by the same rearing mode. The Chapman growth model well simulated the growth curve of giant panda cubs in Shanghai and Ya'an from 0 d to 120 d,but there were some differences in inflection point age,inflection point mass and maximum growth rate. Therefore,our study provides a scientific basis for the breeding of giant pandas in Shanghai.
As a typical low-altitude area,the climate and environment conditions of Shanghai are significantly different from the habitats of giant pandas( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). In order to investigate the difference on growth and development between the panda cubs born and living in Shanghai,and the panda cubs in Ya'an,Sichuan province,the current study analyzed the difference of pandas' body mass,body size,and organ development by maternal rearing and artificial rearing in Shanghai and Ya'an. The growth curves of pandas in the 2 regions were simulated by using Chapman growth model.The results showed that the body mass of panda cubs in low altitude area were significantly higher than those in high altitude area at 40 d,60 d and 70 d( P < 0. 05); The body mass of panda cubs by maternal rearing were significantly higher than the artificial rearing( P < 0. 05); The body mass of male panda cubs were significantly higher than the females at 40 d,60 d,70 d and 100 d( P < 0. 05). Generally,these results indicated that the panda cubs had the fastest growth in body length,followed by abdominal circumference,and the tail growth was the slowest. Either in high-altitude area or in low-altitude area,the body measurement of panda cubs by the way of maternal rearing were slightly higher than those in the artificial rearing group; there was no significant difference on the body size of panda cubs between the high and low altitude groups by the same rearing mode. The Chapman growth model well simulated the growth curve of giant panda cubs in Shanghai and Ya'an from 0 d to 120 d,but there were some differences in inflection point age,inflection point mass and maximum growth rate. Therefore,our study provides a scientific basis for the breeding of giant pandas in Shanghai.
引文
北京动物园.1974.大熊猫的繁殖及幼兽生长发育的观察[J].动物学报,20(2):139-147.
侯蓉,黄祥明,李光汉,等.2000.大熊猫超轻初生幼仔人工哺育初探[J].兽类学报,20(2):146-150.
黄祥明,李光汉,余建秋,等.2001.提高大熊猫幼仔存活率的研究[J].兽类学报,21(4):318-320,291.
李德生,张和民,陈猛,等.1999.提高人工繁殖大熊猫的存活率初探[J].兽类学报,19(4):317-319,297.
李德生,张和民,张贵权,等.2002.卧龙大熊猫人工育幼技术的研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,8(2):179-183.
刘定震,张贵权,魏荣平,等.2001.圈养繁育大熊猫幼仔生长发育规律的研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(3):396-401.
刘更寿.2014.不同海拔对幼年牦牛生长发育的观察[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,44(3):18-19.
王鹏彦,张贵权,魏荣平,等.2003.提高圈养大熊猫仔兽存活率的研究[J].动物学杂志,38(5):58-63.
魏荣平,张和民,张贵权,等.1997.卧龙大熊猫产后饲养管理[J].四川动物,16(3):133-135.
席焕久,李文慧,温有锋,等.2016.海拔对儿童和青少年生长发育的影响[J].人类学学报,35(2):267-282.
席焕久,温有锋,张海龙,等.2014.青藏高原与安第斯高原地区儿童青少年的身高、体质量和胸围的对比[J].人类学学报,33(2):198-213.
由玉岩,刘学锋,张恩权,等.2012.不同哺育方式对大熊猫幼崽生长发育的影响[J].现代农业科技,(23):264,270.
张和民,王鹏彦,张贵权,等.2001.大熊猫繁殖研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社:42.
张和民,王鹏彦.2003.大熊猫繁殖研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社:1-7.
张志和,侯蓉,余建秋,等.2005.圈养大熊猫繁育[C].昆明:第十届全国生殖生物学学术研讨会.
赵学敏.2006.大熊猫---人类共有的自然遗产[M].北京:中国林业出版社:78-79.
Bonney RC,Wood DJ,Kleiman DG.1982.Endocrine correlates of behavioural oestrus in the female giant panda(Ailuropoda melaneleuca)and associated hormonal changes in the male[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,64(1):209-215.
Che TD,Wang D,Jin L,et al.2015.Estimation of the growth curve and heritability of the growth rate for giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)cubs[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,14(1):2322-2330.
Eliasson L.1991.Relationships between puberty and production traits in the gilt.2.Oestrous symptoms at puberty[J].Animal Reproduction Science,25(3):255-264.
Rydhmer L.1993.Pig reproductive genetics and correlations between reproduction and production traits[M].(Uppsala)Sweden:Sveriges Lantbruksuniv.
侯蓉,黄祥明,李光汉,等.2000.大熊猫超轻初生幼仔人工哺育初探[J].兽类学报,20(2):146-150.
黄祥明,李光汉,余建秋,等.2001.提高大熊猫幼仔存活率的研究[J].兽类学报,21(4):318-320,291.
李德生,张和民,陈猛,等.1999.提高人工繁殖大熊猫的存活率初探[J].兽类学报,19(4):317-319,297.
李德生,张和民,张贵权,等.2002.卧龙大熊猫人工育幼技术的研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,8(2):179-183.
刘定震,张贵权,魏荣平,等.2001.圈养繁育大熊猫幼仔生长发育规律的研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(3):396-401.
刘更寿.2014.不同海拔对幼年牦牛生长发育的观察[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,44(3):18-19.
王鹏彦,张贵权,魏荣平,等.2003.提高圈养大熊猫仔兽存活率的研究[J].动物学杂志,38(5):58-63.
魏荣平,张和民,张贵权,等.1997.卧龙大熊猫产后饲养管理[J].四川动物,16(3):133-135.
席焕久,李文慧,温有锋,等.2016.海拔对儿童和青少年生长发育的影响[J].人类学学报,35(2):267-282.
席焕久,温有锋,张海龙,等.2014.青藏高原与安第斯高原地区儿童青少年的身高、体质量和胸围的对比[J].人类学学报,33(2):198-213.
由玉岩,刘学锋,张恩权,等.2012.不同哺育方式对大熊猫幼崽生长发育的影响[J].现代农业科技,(23):264,270.
张和民,王鹏彦,张贵权,等.2001.大熊猫繁殖研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社:42.
张和民,王鹏彦.2003.大熊猫繁殖研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社:1-7.
张志和,侯蓉,余建秋,等.2005.圈养大熊猫繁育[C].昆明:第十届全国生殖生物学学术研讨会.
赵学敏.2006.大熊猫---人类共有的自然遗产[M].北京:中国林业出版社:78-79.
Bonney RC,Wood DJ,Kleiman DG.1982.Endocrine correlates of behavioural oestrus in the female giant panda(Ailuropoda melaneleuca)and associated hormonal changes in the male[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,64(1):209-215.
Che TD,Wang D,Jin L,et al.2015.Estimation of the growth curve and heritability of the growth rate for giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)cubs[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,14(1):2322-2330.
Eliasson L.1991.Relationships between puberty and production traits in the gilt.2.Oestrous symptoms at puberty[J].Animal Reproduction Science,25(3):255-264.
Rydhmer L.1993.Pig reproductive genetics and correlations between reproduction and production traits[M].(Uppsala)Sweden:Sveriges Lantbruksuniv.