北京平谷地区次生林栓皮栎枝叶挥发性物质组分分析及对机械损伤的响应
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摘要
分析栓皮栎枝叶挥发性物质的组成成分以及对机械损伤的响应。本文通过气质联用(GC/MS)方法比较分析了北京平谷地区天然次生林林栓皮栎枝叶机械损伤前、后挥发性气体VOCs主要成分和相对含量。(1)栓皮栎枝叶中的挥发性物质有酯类、烷烃类、萜烯类、芳香烃类、醛酮类、醇类、烯烃类以及其他含氮、氯、硫等物质等8大类,其中酯类和烷烃类含量最多,约占总物质含量的30.32%～41.60%和30.02%～33.14%;(2)虽然机械损伤前、后挥发性物质的组分和含量均有所变化,但是每一类物质主要成分基本保持一致,其中主要成分有酞酸二丁酯、2-甲基-1-己醇、2,6,10-三甲基十四烷、3-亚甲基-1,1-二甲基-2-乙烯基环己烷、十四烷、十九烷、油酸酰胺、壬醛、癸醛等;(3)机械损伤随栓皮栎枝叶挥发性物质成分及含量均产生了不同程度的影响。机械损伤后总挥发物含量均有明显的增加,其中明显增加的组分有:萘、d-柠檬烯、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯、4-己烯-1-醇乙酸酯、酞酸二丁酯、乙酸己酯、苯甲酸丁酯、3-亚甲基-1,1-二甲基-2-乙烯基环己烷等化合物。栓皮栎枝叶8大类挥发性物质中酯类和烷烃类含量最多;机械损伤后,萘、d-柠檬烯、4-己烯-1-醇乙酸酯、酞酸二丁酯等物质均有明显的增加,这些物质对昆虫具有一定的驱避作用,这可能是栓皮栎的一种化学防御策略来响应和免受外界虫食等胁迫的侵害。另外,机械损伤后许多组分也发生了不同程度或是小幅度的变化,其变化机理和生态功能尚未知晓,有待进一步研究。
The experiment was conducted to study the component of VOCs released by branch and leaf of Quercus variabilis and response to mechanical injury in Beijing Pinggu.The plant volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) from branches and leaves of Q.variabilis were collected and analyzed with GC-MS.Eight kinds of volatile components,such as esters,alkanes,terpenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,aldehydes and ketones,alcohols,alkenes,as well as other N-containing,S-containing and Cl-containing compound were detected.Esters and alkanes were the main components of Q.variabilis,and account for 30.32%-41.60% and 30.02%-33.14% of the total plant volatile organic compounds content.The comparison of undamaged and mechanicallydamaged leaves of Q.variabilis indicated that they had similar VOCs,while the components and contents of volatile substances changed.Dibutyl phthalate,1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-,Tetradecane,2,6,10-trimethyl-,Cyclohexane,2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene-,Tetradecane,Nonadecane,9-Octadecenamide,(Z)-,Nonanal,Decanal,etc.were the main components.Mechanical damage brings different degree effects on components and relative content of volatile organic compounds of Q.variabilis branches and leaves.Naphthalene,d-Limonene,1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-,4-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,Dibutyl phthalate,Acetic acid,hexyl ester,Benzoic acid,butyl ester,Cyclohexane,2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene-could be induced and their content increased obviously after mechanical damage.Esters and alkanes were the main VOCs components of Q.variabilis.The contents of naphthalene,d-Limonene,4-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,Dibutyl phthalate were increased obviously after mechanical damage and these substances had certain ecological function and effect on the anti-herbivory.This may be a chemical defense strategy of Q.variabilis in response to herbivory or against external stress.In addition,many components also changed at different degree or small amplitude after mechanical damage.It's to be further studied on their change mechanism and ecological function.
The experiment was conducted to study the component of VOCs released by branch and leaf of Quercus variabilis and response to mechanical injury in Beijing Pinggu.The plant volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) from branches and leaves of Q.variabilis were collected and analyzed with GC-MS.Eight kinds of volatile components,such as esters,alkanes,terpenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,aldehydes and ketones,alcohols,alkenes,as well as other N-containing,S-containing and Cl-containing compound were detected.Esters and alkanes were the main components of Q.variabilis,and account for 30.32%-41.60% and 30.02%-33.14% of the total plant volatile organic compounds content.The comparison of undamaged and mechanicallydamaged leaves of Q.variabilis indicated that they had similar VOCs,while the components and contents of volatile substances changed.Dibutyl phthalate,1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-,Tetradecane,2,6,10-trimethyl-,Cyclohexane,2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene-,Tetradecane,Nonadecane,9-Octadecenamide,(Z)-,Nonanal,Decanal,etc.were the main components.Mechanical damage brings different degree effects on components and relative content of volatile organic compounds of Q.variabilis branches and leaves.Naphthalene,d-Limonene,1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-,4-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,Dibutyl phthalate,Acetic acid,hexyl ester,Benzoic acid,butyl ester,Cyclohexane,2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene-could be induced and their content increased obviously after mechanical damage.Esters and alkanes were the main VOCs components of Q.variabilis.The contents of naphthalene,d-Limonene,4-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,Dibutyl phthalate were increased obviously after mechanical damage and these substances had certain ecological function and effect on the anti-herbivory.This may be a chemical defense strategy of Q.variabilis in response to herbivory or against external stress.In addition,many components also changed at different degree or small amplitude after mechanical damage.It's to be further studied on their change mechanism and ecological function.
引文
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2.De Moraes C M,Lewis W J,ParéP W,et al.Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids[J].Nature,1998,393(6685):570-573.
3.Hamilton-Kemp T R,Mccracken Jr,Loughrin J H,et al.Effects of some natural volatile compounds on the pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1992,18(7):1083-1091.
4.Obara N,Hasegawa M,Kodama O.Induced volatiles in elicitor-treated and rice blast fungus-inoculated rice leaves[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2002,66(12):2549-2559.
5.Farmer E E.Surface-to-air signals[J].Nature,2001,411(6839):854-856.
6.Pare P W,Tumlinson J H.De novo biosynthesis of volatiles induced by insect herbivory in cotton plants[J].Plant Physiology,1997,114(4):1161-1167.
7.ParéP W,Tumlinson J H.Plant volatiles as a defense against insect herbivores[J].Plant Physiology,1999,121(2):325-332.
8.Krause S C,Raffa K F.Comparison of insect,fungal,and mechanically induced defoliation of larch:effects on plant productivity and subsequent host susceptibility[J].Oecologia,1992,90(3):411-416.
9.Loreto F,F9rster A,Dürr M,et al.On the monoterpene emission under heat stress and on the increased thermotolerance of leaves of Quercus ilex L.fumigated with selected monoterpenes[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,1998,21(1):101-107.
10.崔骁勇,赵广东,刘世荣.植物源异戊二烯及其生态意义[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):505-509.Cui X Y,Zhao G D,Liu S R.Phytogenic isoprene and its ecological significance[J].Chinese Journal of Applied E-cology,2002,13(4):505-509.
11.Lam E,Fukuda H,Greenberg J.Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants[M].Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000:101-114.
12.LlusiàJ,Pe1uelas J,Gimeno B S.Seasonal and speciesspecific response of VOC emissions by Mediterranean woody plant to elevated ozone concentrations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(24):3931-3938.
13.Singsaas E L,Sharkey T D.The regulation of isoprene emission responses to rapid leaf temperature fluctuations[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,1998,21(11):1181-1188.
14.Rennenberg H,Schnitzler J P.Vocs-helping trees withstand global change?[J].New Phytologist,2002,155(2):197-199.
15.Isebrands J G,Guenther A B,Harley P,et al.Volatile organic compound emission rates from mixed deciduous and coniferous forests in northern Wisconsin,USA[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(16):2527-2536.
16.Logan B A,Monson R K,Potosnak M J.Biochemistry and physiology of foliar isoprene production[J].Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(11):477-481.
17.Guenther A,Zimmerman P,Klinger L,et al.Estimates of regional natural volatile organic compound fluxes from enclosure and ambient measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1996,101(D1):1345-1359.
18.Guenther A,Zimmerman P,Wildermuth M.Natural volatile organic compound emission rate estimates for U.S.woodland landscapes[J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(6):1197-1210.
19.Otter L B,Guenther A,Greenberg J.Seasonal and spatial variations in biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas and woodlands[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(26):4265-4275.
20.Maja M M,Kasurinen A,Holopainen T,et al.Volatile organic compounds emitted from silver birch of different provenances across a latitudinal gradient in Finland[J].Tree Physiology,2015,35(9):975-986.
21.Vuorinen T,Nerg A M,SyrjlL,et al.Epirrita autumnata induced VOC emission of silver birch differ from emission induced by leaf fungal pathogen[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2007,1(3):159-165.
22.Blande J D,Korjus M,Holopainen J K.Foliar methyl salicylate emissions indicate prolonged aphid infestation on silver birch and black alder[J].Tree Physiology,2010,30(3):404-416.
23.Maja M M,Kasurinen A,Yli-PirilP,et al.Contrasting responses of silver birch VOC emissions to short-and longterm herbivory[J].Tree Physiology,2014,34(3):241-252.
24.Wenke K,Kai M,Piechulla B.Belowground volatiles facilitate interactions between plant roots and soil organisms[J].Planta,2010,231(3):499-506.
25.平立岩,沈应柏.植物创伤诱导的挥发物及其信号功能[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(2):166-172.Ping L Y,Shen Y B.Plant wound-induced volatiles and their signal functions[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2001,37(2):166-172.
26.郑浩,杨长举,华红霞,等.与昆虫有关的植物挥发性次生物质的研究方法[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(1):9-13.Zheng H,Yang C J,Hua H X,et al.Research methods on plant volatile semiochemicals in insect-plant interactions[J].Entomological Knowledge,2002,39(1):9-13.
27.孔垂华,徐涛,胡飞,等.环境胁迫下植物的化感作用及其诱导机制[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):849-854.Kong C H,Xu T,Hu F,et al.Allelopathy under environmental stress and its induced mechanism[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(5):849-854.
28.史胜青,雷静品,胡永建,等.树木挥发物及其抗虫作用研究进展[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S1):295-300.Shi S Q,Lei J P,Hu Y J,et al.Perspective of VOCs emission and its functions on defence of insects in trees[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(S1):295-300.
29.黄爱葵,李楠.植物源挥发性有机物的生态意义(综述)[J].亚热带植物科学,2011,40(3):81-86.Huang A K,Li N.The ecological significance of botanical volatile organic compounds[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2011,40(3):81-86.
30.孙明,刘华,张启翔,等.3个地被菊品种香气成分的分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(1):92-95.Sun M,Liu H,Zhang Q X,et al.Preliminary studies on major aroma ingredients of three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2008,39(1):92-95.
31.黄儒珠,檀东飞,张建清,等.3种南洋杉科植物叶挥发油的化学成分[J].林业科学,2008,44(12):99-104.Huang R Z,Tan D F,Zhang J Q,et al.Chemical constituents of leaf volatile oil from three Araucariaceae[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(12):99-104.
32.任露洁,王成,古琳,等.无锡惠山森林公园香樟林内挥发物成分及其变化研究[J].中国城市林业,2012,10(3):8-11.Ren L J,Wang C,Gu L,et al.VOCs components in Cinnamomum camphora forest and their variation in Hui Mountain Forest Park,Wuxi[J].Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2012,10(3):8-11.
33.董建华,王成,张晶,等.女贞枝叶机械损伤前后挥发性物质的变化[J].中国城市林业,2011,9(3):40-43.Dong J H,Wang C,Zhang J,et al.Changes of VOCs released by branch and leaf of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.after mechanical damage[J].Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2011,9(3):40-43.
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