不同恢复年限对高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被和土壤特性的影响
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摘要
针对高寒煤矿区植被恢复问题,选取木里煤田江仓矿区渣山不同年限(1、3、5年)覆土人工植被建植样地为对象,分析了不同恢复年限高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被与土壤特征。结果表明:与恢复1年相比,恢复3年的植被地上生物量显著增加(P<0.05),恢复5年的植被高度、盖度、地上生物量、种子数量及幼苗高度与盖度均显著增加(P<0.05);除土壤全钾外,土壤理化性质随恢复时间增长而改善(P <0. 05),土壤细菌数量下降19%(P<0.05),土壤真菌与放线菌数量均显著增长(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,除pH值外,土壤理化性质与植被特征之间相关性显著,土壤真菌、放线菌与土壤氮素、有机质及含水量显著相关(P<0.05)。高寒地区矿区植被恢复过程中土壤物理性质的恢复滞后于化学性质。因此,为加快高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被恢复,在植被建植初期应施加足量有机肥并适时追施化肥。
To understand vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining area,we investigated the vegetation and soil characteristics of sites with soil inoculation under different restoration durations( 1,3,and 5 years) in Jiangcang mining area of Muli Coal Field. The results showed that,compared with one-year duration of restoration,the aboveground biomass of vegetation was significantly increased three years after restoration( P<0.05). The vegetation height, coverage,aboveground biomass,seed number,and seeding height and coverage were significantly higher after five years restoration( P<0.05). Except soil total K, soil physicochemical properties improved over time( P<0.05). The abundance of soil bacteria decreased by 19%( P<0.05),while that of soil fungi and actinomycetes significantly increased( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties( except soil p H) were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics. The abundance of soil fungi and actinomycetes was significantly correlated with soil nitrogen,organic matter and water content( P<0.05). Our results indicated that the recovery of soil physical properties lagged behind chemical properties during vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining region. In the early stage of restoration,application of enough organic fertilizer combined timely addition of chemical fertilizer would accelerate the restoration of vegetation in alpine coal mining area.
To understand vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining area,we investigated the vegetation and soil characteristics of sites with soil inoculation under different restoration durations( 1,3,and 5 years) in Jiangcang mining area of Muli Coal Field. The results showed that,compared with one-year duration of restoration,the aboveground biomass of vegetation was significantly increased three years after restoration( P<0.05). The vegetation height, coverage,aboveground biomass,seed number,and seeding height and coverage were significantly higher after five years restoration( P<0.05). Except soil total K, soil physicochemical properties improved over time( P<0.05). The abundance of soil bacteria decreased by 19%( P<0.05),while that of soil fungi and actinomycetes significantly increased( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties( except soil p H) were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics. The abundance of soil fungi and actinomycetes was significantly correlated with soil nitrogen,organic matter and water content( P<0.05). Our results indicated that the recovery of soil physical properties lagged behind chemical properties during vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining region. In the early stage of restoration,application of enough organic fertilizer combined timely addition of chemical fertilizer would accelerate the restoration of vegetation in alpine coal mining area.
引文
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何贵永,孙浩智,史小明,等.2015.青藏高原高寒湿地不同季节土壤理化性质对放牧模式的响应.草业学报,24(4):12-20.
胡雷,阿的鲁骥,字洪标,等.2015.高原鼢鼠扰动及恢复年限对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物功能多样性的影响应用生态学报,26(9):2794-2802.
胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.2014.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化.草业学报,23(3):8-19.
贾倩民,陈彦云,杨阳,等.2014.不同人工草地对干旱区弃耕地土壤理化性质及微生物数量的影响.水土保持学报,28(1):178-220.
李丹,康萨如拉,赵梦颖,等.2016.内蒙古羊草草原不同退化阶段土壤养分与植物功能性状的关系.植物生态学报,40(10):991-1002.
李明顺,唐绍清,张杏辉,等.2005.金属矿山废弃地的生态恢复实践与对策.矿业安全与环保,(4):16-18.
梁红.2009.矿区植被修复研究进展.仲恺农业工程学院学报,22(4):56-60.
刘爽,郭晋丽.2017.煤矿区土壤-植被恢复过程及模式研究进展.山西农业科学,45(10):1710-1736.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
莫碧琴,杨慧,曹建华,等.2017.典型石漠化区不同种植年限桃树下土壤微量元素变化特征.中国岩溶,36(1):81-87.
南丽丽,师尚礼,郁继华.2016.荒漠灌区不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤微生物特性.草地学报,24(5):975-980.
秦川,何丙辉,蒋先军.2016.三峡库区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量特征研究.草业学报,25(9):10-19.
王改玲,白中科.2002.安太堡露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的主要限制因子及对策.水土保持研究,9(1):38-40.
王瑞宏,贾彤,曹苗文,等.2018.铜尾矿坝不同恢复年限土壤理化性质和酶活性的特征.环境科学,(7):1-13.
王尚义,石瑛,牛俊杰,等.2013.煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响---以山西省河东矿区1号煤矸石山为例.地理学报,68(3):372-379.
夏汉平,蔡锡安.2002.采矿地的生态恢复技术.应用生态学报,13(11):1471-1477.
许光辉,郑洪元.1986.土壤微生物分析方法手册.北京:农业出版社.
杨帅,高照良,白皓,等.2017.矿山废弃地植物种植模式对土壤改良效果.水土保持学报,31(3):134-140.
杨燕,王丽艳.2013.不同排矸年限矸石山自然植被恢复规律研究.绿色科技,(6):12-15.
杨翠霞,张成梁,刘禹伯,等.2017.矿区废弃地近自然生态修复规划设计.江苏农业科学,45(17):269-272.
尹伟,胡玉昆,柳妍妍,等.2010.巴音布鲁克不同建植期人工草地土壤生物学特性研究.草业学报,19(5):218-226.
张世缘.2017.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用.生物化工,3(1):54-56.
张小琴,赵华富,姜艳艳,等.2017.不同植茶年限茶园土壤有效营养元素分析.热带作物学报,(12):2226-2231.
Kullu B,Behera N.2011.Vegetational succession on different age series sponge iron solid waste dumps with respect to top soil application.Research Journal of Environmental&Earth Sciences,3:38-45.
Kumar V,Chandra A,Usmani Z.2017.Impact of coal mining on soil properties and their efficient eco-restoration.International Journal of Energy Technology&Policy,13:158.
Li Y,Sun Q,Zhan J,et al.2017.Soil-covered strategy for ecological restoration alters the bacterial community structure and predictive energy metabolic functions in mine tailings profiles.Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,101:1-13.
Maiti SK,Ghose MK.2005.Ecological restoration of acidic coalmine overburden dumps:An Indian case study.Land Contamination&Reclamation,13:361-369.
Venson GR,Marenzi RC,Almeida TC,et al.2017.Restoration of areas degraded by alluvial sand mining:Use of soil microbiological activity and plant biomass growth to assess evolution of restored riparian vegetation.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,189:120.
Wang HD,Wang JM,Cao YG,et al.2016.Effect of soil and topography on vegetation restoration in an opencast coal mine dump in a loess area.Scientific Reports,6:22058.
Yao S,Thies JE.2005.Orchard floor management practices that maintain vegetative or biomass groundcover stimulate soil microbial activity and alter soil microbial community composition.Plant and Soil,271:377-389.
何贵永,孙浩智,史小明,等.2015.青藏高原高寒湿地不同季节土壤理化性质对放牧模式的响应.草业学报,24(4):12-20.
胡雷,阿的鲁骥,字洪标,等.2015.高原鼢鼠扰动及恢复年限对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物功能多样性的影响应用生态学报,26(9):2794-2802.
胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.2014.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化.草业学报,23(3):8-19.
贾倩民,陈彦云,杨阳,等.2014.不同人工草地对干旱区弃耕地土壤理化性质及微生物数量的影响.水土保持学报,28(1):178-220.
李丹,康萨如拉,赵梦颖,等.2016.内蒙古羊草草原不同退化阶段土壤养分与植物功能性状的关系.植物生态学报,40(10):991-1002.
李明顺,唐绍清,张杏辉,等.2005.金属矿山废弃地的生态恢复实践与对策.矿业安全与环保,(4):16-18.
梁红.2009.矿区植被修复研究进展.仲恺农业工程学院学报,22(4):56-60.
刘爽,郭晋丽.2017.煤矿区土壤-植被恢复过程及模式研究进展.山西农业科学,45(10):1710-1736.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
莫碧琴,杨慧,曹建华,等.2017.典型石漠化区不同种植年限桃树下土壤微量元素变化特征.中国岩溶,36(1):81-87.
南丽丽,师尚礼,郁继华.2016.荒漠灌区不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤微生物特性.草地学报,24(5):975-980.
秦川,何丙辉,蒋先军.2016.三峡库区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量特征研究.草业学报,25(9):10-19.
王改玲,白中科.2002.安太堡露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的主要限制因子及对策.水土保持研究,9(1):38-40.
王瑞宏,贾彤,曹苗文,等.2018.铜尾矿坝不同恢复年限土壤理化性质和酶活性的特征.环境科学,(7):1-13.
王尚义,石瑛,牛俊杰,等.2013.煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响---以山西省河东矿区1号煤矸石山为例.地理学报,68(3):372-379.
夏汉平,蔡锡安.2002.采矿地的生态恢复技术.应用生态学报,13(11):1471-1477.
许光辉,郑洪元.1986.土壤微生物分析方法手册.北京:农业出版社.
杨帅,高照良,白皓,等.2017.矿山废弃地植物种植模式对土壤改良效果.水土保持学报,31(3):134-140.
杨燕,王丽艳.2013.不同排矸年限矸石山自然植被恢复规律研究.绿色科技,(6):12-15.
杨翠霞,张成梁,刘禹伯,等.2017.矿区废弃地近自然生态修复规划设计.江苏农业科学,45(17):269-272.
尹伟,胡玉昆,柳妍妍,等.2010.巴音布鲁克不同建植期人工草地土壤生物学特性研究.草业学报,19(5):218-226.
张世缘.2017.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用.生物化工,3(1):54-56.
张小琴,赵华富,姜艳艳,等.2017.不同植茶年限茶园土壤有效营养元素分析.热带作物学报,(12):2226-2231.
Kullu B,Behera N.2011.Vegetational succession on different age series sponge iron solid waste dumps with respect to top soil application.Research Journal of Environmental&Earth Sciences,3:38-45.
Kumar V,Chandra A,Usmani Z.2017.Impact of coal mining on soil properties and their efficient eco-restoration.International Journal of Energy Technology&Policy,13:158.
Li Y,Sun Q,Zhan J,et al.2017.Soil-covered strategy for ecological restoration alters the bacterial community structure and predictive energy metabolic functions in mine tailings profiles.Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,101:1-13.
Maiti SK,Ghose MK.2005.Ecological restoration of acidic coalmine overburden dumps:An Indian case study.Land Contamination&Reclamation,13:361-369.
Venson GR,Marenzi RC,Almeida TC,et al.2017.Restoration of areas degraded by alluvial sand mining:Use of soil microbiological activity and plant biomass growth to assess evolution of restored riparian vegetation.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,189:120.
Wang HD,Wang JM,Cao YG,et al.2016.Effect of soil and topography on vegetation restoration in an opencast coal mine dump in a loess area.Scientific Reports,6:22058.
Yao S,Thies JE.2005.Orchard floor management practices that maintain vegetative or biomass groundcover stimulate soil microbial activity and alter soil microbial community composition.Plant and Soil,271:377-389.
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