基于CRP道集优化处理的叠前AVA同步反演技术的应用——以KL9构造区为例
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摘要
叠前AVA同步反演技术广泛应用于储层预测及流体检测,但叠前道集作为叠前反演的主要输入数据,CRP道集质量对反演结果的影响较大。重点开展了CRP道集优化处理研究,对海底电缆(Ocean Bottom Cable,OBC)数据偏移后的CRP地震道集进行去噪、去多次波、振幅能量补偿、提高分辨率及道集精细拉平处理,得到高质量且相对保真的地震资料。在此基础上进行叠前AVA反演,得到一系列和储层、流体有关的纵横波速度比、泊松比和密度等弹性参数,进行储层及流体综合预测,形成了叠前处理、反演、解释一体化的技术流程。以渤海海域KL9构造区为例,针对CRP道集中存在的远、中、近道能量不均衡、信噪比低和道集未拉平等问题,应用叠前去噪、无速度道集拉平和远近道频谱能量补偿的道集优化处理技术,提高叠前CRP道集品质,开展AVA同步反演。实际应用结果表明,优化处理后道集的信噪比、分辨率、保真度有明显提高,以此为基础开展的叠前反演结果的精度较道集优化处理前显著提高。
Prestack amplitude-versus-angle(AVA) simultaneous inversion is widely used in reservoir prediction and fluid detection.Common-reflection-point(CRP) gathers are the main input data,and hence important for inversion results.This paper focuses on the optimization of CRP gathers.After migration of Ocean Bottom Cable(OBC) data,CRP seismic gathers were optimized by denoising,suppression of multiples,amplitude-energy compensation,improvement of the resolution,and fine-scale gather flattening,in order to obtain seismic data of high quality and fidelity.A prestack AVA inversion was then carried out,obtaining a series of elastic parameters(e.g.,velocity ratio of P and S waves,Poisson density) related to both the reservoir and the fluid.Based on these data,we conducted a comprehensive reservoir and fluid prediction.Moreover,we established an integrated flow of techniques,including prestack processing,inversion,and interpretation.We tested this integrated flow on field data from the KL9 tectonic region.The CRP gathers presented some problems(e.g.,trace energy imbalance,low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),unflattened gathers).In order to improve the quality of CRP gathers and be able to carry out an AVA simultaneous inversion,we implemented a gather optimizing process,which included prestack denoising,gather flattening,and energy compensation for unbalanced trace energy.The results of this practical application test showed that the SNR,resolution,and fidelity of CRP gathers were improved.The accuracy of prestack inversion,based on the optimized CRP gathers,was also improved and could be used to effectively predict the thin reservoir and fluid properties of the KL9 region.
Prestack amplitude-versus-angle(AVA) simultaneous inversion is widely used in reservoir prediction and fluid detection.Common-reflection-point(CRP) gathers are the main input data,and hence important for inversion results.This paper focuses on the optimization of CRP gathers.After migration of Ocean Bottom Cable(OBC) data,CRP seismic gathers were optimized by denoising,suppression of multiples,amplitude-energy compensation,improvement of the resolution,and fine-scale gather flattening,in order to obtain seismic data of high quality and fidelity.A prestack AVA inversion was then carried out,obtaining a series of elastic parameters(e.g.,velocity ratio of P and S waves,Poisson density) related to both the reservoir and the fluid.Based on these data,we conducted a comprehensive reservoir and fluid prediction.Moreover,we established an integrated flow of techniques,including prestack processing,inversion,and interpretation.We tested this integrated flow on field data from the KL9 tectonic region.The CRP gathers presented some problems(e.g.,trace energy imbalance,low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),unflattened gathers).In order to improve the quality of CRP gathers and be able to carry out an AVA simultaneous inversion,we implemented a gather optimizing process,which included prestack denoising,gather flattening,and energy compensation for unbalanced trace energy.The results of this practical application test showed that the SNR,resolution,and fidelity of CRP gathers were improved.The accuracy of prestack inversion,based on the optimized CRP gathers,was also improved and could be used to effectively predict the thin reservoir and fluid properties of the KL9 region.
引文
[1] 王升超,韩立国,巩向博.基于各向异性Radon变换的叠前地震数据重建[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):808-815WANG S C,HAN L G,GONG X B.Pre-stack seismic data reconstruction by anisotropic Radon transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):808-815
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[3] 熊晓军,简世凯,李翔,等.叠前道集优化处理技术及其应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(6):55-61XIONG X J,JIAN S K,LI X,et al.Pre-stack gather optimization technique and application[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science &Technology Edition),2017,39(6):55-61
[4] 荆雅莉.叠前道集优化处理在浅层气预测中的应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):717-721JING Y L.Application of pre-stack gather optimization preprocessing to prediction of shallow gas[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2015,22(6):717-721
[5] 李远娟,王泽胜,阎建国,等.叠前道集优化处理及其在AVO分析中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):479-483LI Y J,WANG Z S,YAN J G,et al.Optimized processing of pre-stack gathers and it’s application in AVO analysis[J].Xin Jiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):479-483
[6] 程玉坤,冉建斌,肖伟.基于CRP道集的叠前处理技术及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):38-43CHENG Y K,RAN J B,XIAO W.The application of pre-stack processing technology based on CRP gathers[J].Process of Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(1):38-43
[7] 张征,狄帮让,胡因,等.CRP道集叠前精细处理技术应用[J].科技导报,2012,30(27):35-40ZHANG Z,DI B R,HU Y,et al.The application of CRP gather pre-stack fine processing technology[J].Science and Technology Review,2012,30(27):35-40
[8] 王华忠,冯波,王雄文,等.地震波反演成像方法与技术核心问题分析[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):115-125WANG H Z,FENG B,WANG X W,et al.Analysis of seismic inversion imaging and its technical core issues[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):115-125
[9] 丁继才,孙文博,黄小刚,等.海上地震数据全波形反演实际应用[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):75-80DING J C,SUN W B,HANG X G,et al.The strategies of FWI realization for marine seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(1):75-80
[10] 王杰,胡光辉,刘定进,等.陆上地震资料全波形反演策略研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):81-88WANG J,HU G H,LIU D J,et al.Strategy study on full waveform inversion for the land seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(1):81-88
[11] 余振,王彦春,何静,等.基于叠前AVA同步反演和地质统计学反演的高分辨率流体预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):551-561YU Z,WANG Y C,HE J,et al.High resolution fluid prediction method based on pre-stack AVA inversion and geo-statistical inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):551-561
[12] 张繁昌,代荣获,刘汉卿,等.叠前地震道集AVA多频信息同时反演[J].石油物探,2014,53(4):453-460ZHANG F C,DAI R H,LIU H Q,et al.Muti-frequency AVA simultaneous inversion for prestack seismic gathers[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(4):453-460
[13] 刘力辉,杨晓,丁燕,等.基于岩性预测的CRP道集优化处理[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):482-488LIU L H,YANG X,DING Y,et al.Optimization of CRP gathers based on the lithology prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(5):482-488
[14] 张秀丽,姜岩,郝兰英,等.密井网条件下随机地震反演及其在河道砂体预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):954-963ZHANG X L,JIANG Y,HAO L Y,et al.The application of stochastic inversion under dense well pattern in channel sand body prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):954-963
[15] 潘昱洁,李大卫,杨锴.确定性反演和随机反演对井约束条件的需求分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(4):345-360PAN Y J,LI D W,YANG K.The demand analysis of the well constraint condition for deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(4):345-360
[16] 韩利,刘春成,张益明,等.地震复谱分解技术及其在烃类检测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(3):1095-1100HAN L,LIU C C,ZHANG Y M,et al.The application of seismic spectral decomposition technique in hydrocarbon detection[J].Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(3):1095-1100
[17] 刘伟,曹思远.基于地震资料的三种岩性流体预测方法对比分析[J].地球物理学进展.2008,23(6):1918-1923LIU W,CAO S Y.Comparative analysis of three methods for predicting lithology fluid based on seismic data[J].Process in Geophysics,2008,23(6):1918-1923
[18] 管路平.地震叠前反演与直接烃类指示的探讨[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):228-234GUAN L P.The discuss of seismic pre-stack inversion and direct hydrocarbon indicator[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):228-234
[19] 高建荣,滕吉文,李明,等.AVO流体反演理论与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):558-561GAO J R,TENG J W,LI M,et al.AVO fluid inversion theory and practice[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5):558-561
[20] 李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68LI A S,YIN X Y,ZHANG F C,et al.The application of pre-stack AVA parameter inversion technique in gas reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):64-68
[21] 张永江,轩义华,秦成岗.岩石物理分析在番禺天然气区含气性研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(4):407-414ZHANG Y J,XUAN Y H,QIN C G.The application of petro-physical analysis in the study of gas bearing property in Panyu gas field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(4):407-414
[22] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军,等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194-187WANG Z G,CHEN X H,WANG X J,et al.The application of AVO method in oil and gas detection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):194-187
[2] 巩向博,韩立国,王升超.混合域高分辨率双曲Radon变换及其在多次波压制中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(5):711-718GONG X B,HAN L G,WANG S C.High-resolution hyperbolic Radon transform and its application in multiple suppression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(5):711-718
[3] 熊晓军,简世凯,李翔,等.叠前道集优化处理技术及其应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(6):55-61XIONG X J,JIAN S K,LI X,et al.Pre-stack gather optimization technique and application[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science &Technology Edition),2017,39(6):55-61
[4] 荆雅莉.叠前道集优化处理在浅层气预测中的应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):717-721JING Y L.Application of pre-stack gather optimization preprocessing to prediction of shallow gas[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2015,22(6):717-721
[5] 李远娟,王泽胜,阎建国,等.叠前道集优化处理及其在AVO分析中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):479-483LI Y J,WANG Z S,YAN J G,et al.Optimized processing of pre-stack gathers and it’s application in AVO analysis[J].Xin Jiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):479-483
[6] 程玉坤,冉建斌,肖伟.基于CRP道集的叠前处理技术及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):38-43CHENG Y K,RAN J B,XIAO W.The application of pre-stack processing technology based on CRP gathers[J].Process of Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(1):38-43
[7] 张征,狄帮让,胡因,等.CRP道集叠前精细处理技术应用[J].科技导报,2012,30(27):35-40ZHANG Z,DI B R,HU Y,et al.The application of CRP gather pre-stack fine processing technology[J].Science and Technology Review,2012,30(27):35-40
[8] 王华忠,冯波,王雄文,等.地震波反演成像方法与技术核心问题分析[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):115-125WANG H Z,FENG B,WANG X W,et al.Analysis of seismic inversion imaging and its technical core issues[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):115-125
[9] 丁继才,孙文博,黄小刚,等.海上地震数据全波形反演实际应用[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):75-80DING J C,SUN W B,HANG X G,et al.The strategies of FWI realization for marine seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(1):75-80
[10] 王杰,胡光辉,刘定进,等.陆上地震资料全波形反演策略研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):81-88WANG J,HU G H,LIU D J,et al.Strategy study on full waveform inversion for the land seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(1):81-88
[11] 余振,王彦春,何静,等.基于叠前AVA同步反演和地质统计学反演的高分辨率流体预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):551-561YU Z,WANG Y C,HE J,et al.High resolution fluid prediction method based on pre-stack AVA inversion and geo-statistical inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):551-561
[12] 张繁昌,代荣获,刘汉卿,等.叠前地震道集AVA多频信息同时反演[J].石油物探,2014,53(4):453-460ZHANG F C,DAI R H,LIU H Q,et al.Muti-frequency AVA simultaneous inversion for prestack seismic gathers[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(4):453-460
[13] 刘力辉,杨晓,丁燕,等.基于岩性预测的CRP道集优化处理[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):482-488LIU L H,YANG X,DING Y,et al.Optimization of CRP gathers based on the lithology prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(5):482-488
[14] 张秀丽,姜岩,郝兰英,等.密井网条件下随机地震反演及其在河道砂体预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):954-963ZHANG X L,JIANG Y,HAO L Y,et al.The application of stochastic inversion under dense well pattern in channel sand body prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):954-963
[15] 潘昱洁,李大卫,杨锴.确定性反演和随机反演对井约束条件的需求分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(4):345-360PAN Y J,LI D W,YANG K.The demand analysis of the well constraint condition for deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(4):345-360
[16] 韩利,刘春成,张益明,等.地震复谱分解技术及其在烃类检测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(3):1095-1100HAN L,LIU C C,ZHANG Y M,et al.The application of seismic spectral decomposition technique in hydrocarbon detection[J].Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(3):1095-1100
[17] 刘伟,曹思远.基于地震资料的三种岩性流体预测方法对比分析[J].地球物理学进展.2008,23(6):1918-1923LIU W,CAO S Y.Comparative analysis of three methods for predicting lithology fluid based on seismic data[J].Process in Geophysics,2008,23(6):1918-1923
[18] 管路平.地震叠前反演与直接烃类指示的探讨[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):228-234GUAN L P.The discuss of seismic pre-stack inversion and direct hydrocarbon indicator[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):228-234
[19] 高建荣,滕吉文,李明,等.AVO流体反演理论与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):558-561GAO J R,TENG J W,LI M,et al.AVO fluid inversion theory and practice[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5):558-561
[20] 李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68LI A S,YIN X Y,ZHANG F C,et al.The application of pre-stack AVA parameter inversion technique in gas reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):64-68
[21] 张永江,轩义华,秦成岗.岩石物理分析在番禺天然气区含气性研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(4):407-414ZHANG Y J,XUAN Y H,QIN C G.The application of petro-physical analysis in the study of gas bearing property in Panyu gas field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(4):407-414
[22] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军,等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194-187WANG Z G,CHEN X H,WANG X J,et al.The application of AVO method in oil and gas detection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):194-187