改革开放以来中国腐败治理问题的多维测量
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摘要
腐败治理测量是研究反腐败问题的一个基本命题,但由于腐败行为的隐秘性、事后性、信息不对称性等特点使其成为一个世界性难题。纵观改革开放以来的腐败治理历程,我们一方面需要对四十多年来我国反腐败的巨大成绩予以充分的肯定和自信,另一方面也需要通过客观、精确的腐败治理测量对我们反腐问题有更加清醒、务实的判识。因而,把中国腐败治理问题置于全球维度、历史维度和个案维度进行多角度测量,试图对改革开放以来我国腐败治理问题的演化历程、发展趋势、特点表征等问题进行系统的分析。从测量结果看,我国已基本走出腐败的高发态势,正在从标本兼治向治本迈进,但也存在着营商环境亟待改善、涉腐干部级别、涉腐金额不断攀升、涉腐形式更加多样等特点。通过这些分析为我们制定反腐败策略指明努力方向。
The measurement of corruption governance is a basic proposition to study anti-corruption problems, but it also becomes a worldwide problem due to the characteristics of corruption like crypticity, ex-post nature, and information asymmetry. Throughout the course of corruption governance over the 40 years of Reform and Opening up, on the one hand, we need to give full recognition and confidence to the great achievements of China's anti-corruption in the past 40 years; On the other hand, we also need to have a more sober and pragmatic judgments of our anti-corruption problem through objective and accurate corruption governance measurement. Therefore, this paper puts the issue of China's corruption governance into three dimensions to make a multi-angle measurement: globalization dimension, historical dimension and individual case's dimension, and attempts to systematically analyze the evolution process, development trend and characteristic performance of corruption governance issues in China in the past four decades. Judging from the survey results, China has basically stepped out of the high incidence of corruption and is moving from tackling both its symptoms and the root causes to treating the root cause. However, there are also characteristics such as the need to improve the business environment, the higher level of corruption-related cadres, the rising amount of corruption, and the more diverse forms of corruption. These characteristics point us to the striving direction of our anti-corruption strategy.
The measurement of corruption governance is a basic proposition to study anti-corruption problems, but it also becomes a worldwide problem due to the characteristics of corruption like crypticity, ex-post nature, and information asymmetry. Throughout the course of corruption governance over the 40 years of Reform and Opening up, on the one hand, we need to give full recognition and confidence to the great achievements of China's anti-corruption in the past 40 years; On the other hand, we also need to have a more sober and pragmatic judgments of our anti-corruption problem through objective and accurate corruption governance measurement. Therefore, this paper puts the issue of China's corruption governance into three dimensions to make a multi-angle measurement: globalization dimension, historical dimension and individual case's dimension, and attempts to systematically analyze the evolution process, development trend and characteristic performance of corruption governance issues in China in the past four decades. Judging from the survey results, China has basically stepped out of the high incidence of corruption and is moving from tackling both its symptoms and the root causes to treating the root cause. However, there are also characteristics such as the need to improve the business environment, the higher level of corruption-related cadres, the rising amount of corruption, and the more diverse forms of corruption. These characteristics point us to the striving direction of our anti-corruption strategy.
引文
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[2]Carmelo J L,Jorge E A,Javier L.Correcting for Scale Perception Bias in Measuring Corruption:An Application to Chile and Spain[J].Social Indicators Research,2013,114 (3):977—995.
[3]过勇,宋伟.腐败测量:基于腐败、反腐败与风险的视角[J].公共行政评论,2016,9(3):73—88+187—188.
[4]李玉华,杜晓燕.全面剖析新加坡、中国公共治理现状:基于1996-2007年全球治理指数[J].华东经济管理,2009,23(12):30—35.
[5]Daniel K,Aart K,Massimo M.Governance Matters VII:Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996-2007[R].World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,2008(4654).
[6]戴立言.政党制度与反腐败[J].红旗文稿,2013(14):41.
[7]过勇,宋伟.腐败测量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015:128.
[8]倪星.腐败与反腐败的经济学研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004:26.
[9]公婷,吴木銮.我国2000-2009年腐败案例研究报告——基于2800余个报道案例的分析[J].社会学研究,2012,27(4):204—220+246.
[10]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国性别平等与妇女发展状况[J].中国妇运,2005(10):12—18.
[11]汪琦,闵冬潮,陈密.性别与腐败——以中国为例[J].妇女研究论丛,2014(4):5—13.
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